Review
Infectious Diseases
Judith Bergada-Pijuan, Michelle Frank, Sara Boroumand, Frederique Hovaguimian, Carlos A. Mestres, Robert Bauernschmitt, Thierry Carrel, Bernd Stadlinger, Frank Ruschitzka, Annelies S. Zinkernagel, Roger D. Kouyos, Barbara Hasse
Summary: The evidence regarding the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in preventing infective endocarditis (IE) before dental procedures is inconclusive. Only one cohort study suggested a possible decrease in the risk of IE among high-risk patients who received AP prior to invasive dental procedures, but the results were not statistically significant. Further high-quality studies are needed to determine whether it is necessary to recommend the use of AP.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Martin H. Thornhill, Teresa B. Gibson, Frank Yoon, Mark J. Dayer, Bernard D. Prendergast, Peter B. Lockhart, Patrick T. O'Gara, Larry M. Baddour
Summary: This study found a significant temporal association between invasive dental procedures (IDPs), particularly extractions and oral-surgical procedures, and subsequent infective endocarditis (IE) in individuals at high-risk for IE. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) was associated with a significant reduction in IE incidence following these procedures.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Walter R. Wilson, Michael Gewitz, Peter B. Lockhart, Ann F. Bolger, Daniel C. DeSimone, Dhruv S. Kazi, David J. Couper, Andrea Beaton, Catherine Kilmartin, Jose M. Miro, Craig Sable, Mary Anne Jackson, Larry M. Baddour
Summary: After reviewing the available evidence, no changes are recommended to the 2007 guidelines for preventing Viridans Group Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis. It is still advised to use antibiotic prophylaxis for high-risk patients, emphasizing the importance of oral health in disease prevention. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to refine recommendations.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Larry M. Baddour, Imre Janszky, Martin H. Thornhill, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Daniel C. Desimone, Karen Welty-Wolf, Annette L. Baker, Pei-Ni Jone, Bernard Prendergast, Mark J. Dayer
Summary: There is currently no published prospective randomized clinical trial that has established the association between invasive dental and nondental invasive procedures and the risk of infective endocarditis. The efficacy and safety of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infective endocarditis in high-risk patients during invasive procedures have not been defined. Recent investigations from Sweden and England have shown an association between nondental invasive procedures and the subsequent development of infective endocarditis.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Siti Salmiah Mohd Yunus, Syed Nabil, Muhd Fazlynizam Rashdi, Abd Jabar Nazimi, Rifqah Nordin, Huann Lan Tan, Oteh Maskon, Hamat Che H. Hassan, Tzar Mohd Nizam Khaithir, Aznida Firzah Abdul Aziz, Yee Guan Ng, Ridwan Yeop Ismail, Roszalina Ramli
Summary: This study examines the opinions of Malaysian clinical specialists on antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis based on the 2008 NICE guideline. A questionnaire was distributed to 794 specialists, with a response rate of 34.9%. Overall, 49.8% of respondents believed in adhering to the guideline, while a majority of oral and maxillofacial surgeons disagreed. Dental procedures such as surgery for an impacted tooth, dental implant surgery, periodontal surgery, and dental extraction in patients with poor oral hygiene were perceived as moderate-to-high risk for IE.
Article
Immunology
Michael M. Dagher, Emily M. Eichenberger, Kateena L. Addae-Konadu, Sarah K. Dotters-Katz, Celia L. Kohler, Vance G. Fowler, Jerome J. Federspiel
Summary: Maternity-associated IE does not appear to confer additional risk for adverse outcomes over nonmaternity-associated infection. Patients who deliver with IE have worse maternal and fetal outcomes than those whose deliveries are not complicated by IE.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Joost P. van Melle, Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink, Manish Bansal, Otto Kamp, Marwa Meshaal, Jiri Pudich, Vlatka Reskovic Luksic, Regino Rodriguez-Alvarez, Anita Sadeghpour, Jadranka Separovic Hanzevacki, Rouguiatou Sow, Ana Teresa Tim, Marisa Trabulo Morgado, Michele De Bonis, Cecile Laroche, Eric Boersma, Patrizio Lancellotti, Gilbert Habib
Summary: Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients with infective endocarditis (IE) have better survival rates compared to non-CHD patients. CHD patients are younger and have fewer comorbidities. Positive blood cultures for Streptococcus viridans and a higher prevalence of dental procedures were observed in CHD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stefanie Katharina Schuler, Pierre Alex Crisinel, Raphael Joye, Marie Rohr, Sabrina Bressieux-Degueldre, Martin Glockler, Paolo Paioni, Philipp K. A. Agyeman, Walter Knirsch
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of infective endocarditis in children aged <18 years in Switzerland from 2011 to 2020. The results showed that 58% of the 69 patients were diagnosed with definite infective endocarditis, and 42% were possible cases. The high morbidity and high rate of complications were associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Hoorak Poorzand, Fatemeh Hamidi, Fereshte Sheybani, Fereshteh Ghaderi, Afsoon Fazlinezhad, Hedieh Alimi, Leila Bigdelu, Saeede Khosravi Bizhaem
Summary: The study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and echocardiographic features of patients with IE. The short- and long-term prognosis for IE was poor, with heart failure and septic shock as predictors for in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative pathogen.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Faisal S. Alsuliman, Saleh A. Alajlan, Omer A. Algonaid, Lama Y. Almashham, Rahaf H. Alawaji
Summary: This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and perception of parents of children at risk of infective endocarditis (IE). The findings showed that while the parents had sufficient knowledge of oral health, their attitudes towards it were lacking.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Whitney Horsley, Shardha Srinivasan, John S. Hokanson
Summary: Based on the 2007 AHA guidelines, there is variability in the prescribing practices of pediatric cardiologists regarding antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis. Some patients who meet the criteria are not receiving prophylaxis, while others who do not meet the criteria are being prescribed antibiotics.
CLINICAL PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Keigo Maeda, Yuzo Hirai, Masanori Nashi, Shinsuke Yamamoto, Naoki Taniike, Toshihiko Takenobu
Summary: This study reviewed the clinical characteristics of 180 patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and found that oral bacteria (OB) were susceptible to ampicillin, but resistant to clarithromycin and azithromycin. These results are helpful in guiding decisions regarding antimicrobial prophylaxis.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Eva Havers-Borgersen, Jawad H. Butt, Morten Smerup, Gunnar H. Gislason, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Mathis Groning, Michael Rahbek Schmidt, Lars Sondergaard, Lars Kober, Emil L. Fosbol
Summary: Patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) are at increased risk of infective endocarditis (IE), particularly those who undergo pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Limited data exist on the long-term risk of IE, but the study confirms an association between PVR and increased incidence of IE.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mansoor Khaledi, Fatemeh Sameni, Hamed Afkhami, Jaber Hemmati, Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli, Mohammad-Javad Sanae, Majid Validi
Summary: Infective endocarditis is a severe disease associated with high mortality. HACEK organisms, gram-negative bacteria found in the mouth and upper respiratory tract, can cause a wide range of infections, including endocarditis. Preventive measures such as oral hygiene and prophylactic drug use should be taken to control and prevent HACEK-induced endocarditis.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Walter R. Wilson, Michael Gewitz, Peter B. Lockhart, Ann F. Bolger, Daniel C. DeSimone, Dhruv S. Kazi, David J. Couper, Andrea Beaton, Catherine Kilmartin, Jose M. Miro, Craig Sable, Mary Anne Jackson, Larry M. Baddour
Summary: In 2007, updated guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing viridans group streptococcal infective endocarditis were published by the American Heart Association. There are currently no recommended changes to these guidelines, with an emphasis on good oral health and regular dental care. Additional randomized controlled studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis against VGS IE.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)