Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Prateek Sharma
Summary: Barrett esophagus affects approximately 5% of people in the US and approximately 1% worldwide, with a risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma. Management typically includes acid-suppressive medications and periodic surveillance endoscopy.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicholas Swart, Roberta Maroni, Beth Muldrew, Peter Sasieni, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Stephen Morris
Summary: The study found that a one-off Cytosponge-TFF3 screening is cost-effective compared to usual care, especially for patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
James Saller, Kun Jiang, Yin Xiong, Sean J. Yoder, Kevin Neill, Jose M. Pimiento, Luis Pena, F. Scott Corbett, Anthony Magliocco, Domenico Coppola
Summary: This study identified a 12-miRNA signature through miRNA profiling, which can reliably differentiate cases of BEN from BEP. The signature showed high sensitivity and specificity in both training and validation datasets, with an overall accuracy of 91.67%.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Momoko Hayashi, Yoshibumi Kuwabara, Kuniji Ito, Yoshiaki Hojo, Fumiaki Arai, Kazuki Kamijima, Masakazu Takeiri, Xiaojing Wang, Pan Diao, Jun Nakayama, Naoki Tanaka
Summary: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease that can progress to liver fibrosis and cancer. Patients with NASH often have a high prevalence of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases, necessitating simultaneous management of both conditions. Rodents are commonly used as animal models for NASH, but their lipoprotein profiles differ significantly from humans, making it difficult to replicate the pathology of NASH patients with atherosclerosis. Rabbits, on the other hand, have lipoprotein metabolism more similar to humans and could be a promising candidate for assessing NASH and atherosclerosis. A rabbit NASH model was developed by treating Japanese White rabbits with a newly developed high-fat high-cholesterol diet for 16 weeks, resulting in NASH and advanced fibrosis development. Atherosclerotic lesions were also observed in the aorta. This rabbit NASH model could contribute to the exploration of concurrent treatment options for human NASH and atherosclerosis.
Article
Immunology
Na Rong, Jiangning Liu
Summary: Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases pose a serious threat to public health security, human health, and economic development. An urgent need for an animal model that is susceptible to human pathogens arises after an outbreak. This article summarizes technologies and methods to induce animal susceptibility to human pathogens, analyzes the advantages and deficiencies of animal models developed using each method, and guides the selection of susceptible animals, potentially reducing the time needed to develop animal models during epidemics.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Review
Parasitology
Jesica Hayon, Jill Weatherhead, Peter J. Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Bin Zhan
Summary: Trichuriasis, caused by Trichuris trichiura, is a prevalent infection affecting millions of people in tropical and subtropical areas, especially children who are most affected. Despite treatment with anthelminthic drugs, the low efficacy and high reinfection rates make vaccine development crucial.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bas L. A. M. Weusten, Raf Bisschops, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro, Massimiliano di Pietro, Oliver Pech, Manon C. W. Spaander, Francisco Baldaque-Silva, Maximilien Barret, Emmanuel Coron, Gloria Fernandez-Esparrach, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Marnix Jansen, Manol Jovani, Ines Marques-de-Sa, Arti Rattan, W. Keith Tan, Eva P. D. Verheij, Pauline A. Zellenrath, Konstantinos Triantafyllou, Roos E. Pouw
Summary: This recommendation provides standards and guidelines for the surveillance, endoscopic eradication therapy, and follow-up of Barrett's esophagus (BE), including surveillance intervals, indications, precautions, and recommendations for different scenarios. The recommendation also indicates the level of recommendation and quality of evidence for each recommendation.
Article
Immunology
Kendra J. Alfson, Yenny Goez-Gazi, Michal Gazi, Ying-Liang Chou, Nancy A. Niemuth, Marc E. Mattix, Hilary M. Staples, Benjamin Klaffke, Gloria F. Rodriguez, Carmen Bartley, Anysha Ticer, Elizabeth A. Clemmons, John W. Dutton III, Anthony Griffiths, Gabe T. Meister, Daniel C. Sanford, Chris M. Cirimotich, Ricardo Carrion Jr
Summary: This study characterizes the disease course in cynomolgus macaques exposed to the Angolan variant of the Marburg virus. Several biomarkers were found to be correlated with Marburg virus-induced disease. The findings of this study are important for evaluating potential vaccines and therapies and improving existing models.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Brecht Guillemyn, Hanna De Saffel, Jan Willem Bek, Piyanoot Tapaneeyaphan, Adelbert De Clercq, Tamara Jarayseh, Sophie Debaenst, Andy Willaert, Riet De Rycke, Peter H. Byers, Toon Rosseel, Paul Coucke, Bettina Blaumeiser, Delfien Syx, Fransiska Malfait, Sofie Symoens
Summary: This study reports a mutation in the gene STX18, which is associated with cartilage and bone development and may cause a new form of recessive osteochondrodysplasia. The role of Stx18 in cartilage and bone development was demonstrated through experiments using a zebrafish model, and the deficiency of Stx18 was found to impair vesicular transport.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
S. B. Doyle, E. E. Lindner, K. N. Gingerich, E. K. Miller-Cushon
Summary: The social housing of dairy calves has long-lasting effects on the development of human-animal relationships, both before birth and after weaning. These findings have significant implications for the long-term management of calves.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emanuela Prato-Previde, Elisa Basso Ricci, Elisa Silvia Colombo
Summary: The relationship between humans and animals is ancient, complex, and multifaceted. It can have positive effects on both humans and animals, but also negative and detrimental effects on animals or both humans and animals. Numerous studies have shown that this relationship provides physical and psychological benefits for both parties. However, a different perspective reveals that discomfort and suffering exist in human-animal relationships, affecting both animals and, in some cases, also people. Empathy, attachment, and anthropomorphism play important roles in establishing healthy relationships with animals. When these psychological processes become dysfunctional, as in animal hoarding, they can lead to physical or psychological suffering, or both, in animals. This work reviews the complex nature of the human-animal relationship, emphasizes the role of empathy, attachment, and anthropomorphism, and examines how these psychological processes contribute to animal hoarding, negatively impacting the well-being of both animals and humans.
Article
Immunology
Kendra J. Alfson, Yenny Goez-Gazi, Michal Gazi, Ying-Liang Chou, Nancy A. Niemuth, Marc E. Mattix, Hilary Staples, Benjamin Klaffke, Gloria F. Rodriguez, Priscilla Escareno, Carmen Bartley, Anysha Ticer, Elizabeth A. Clemmons, John W. Dutton, Anthony Griffiths, Gabe T. Meister, Daniel C. Sanford, Chris M. Cirimotich, Ricardo Carrion
Summary: The primary objective of this study was to characterize the disease course in cynomolgus macaques exposed to Sudan virus (SUDV) and evaluate if this infection can serve as an appropriate model for evaluating countermeasures for filovirus under the FDA Animal Rule. The study found significant differences between SUDV-exposed animals and control group in various parameters, indicating that SUDV causes distinct pathology in cynomolgus macaques.
Review
Oncology
Shanmugarajah Rajendra, Prateek Sharma
Summary: Esophageal cancer is a common malignancy with high mortality worldwide. The number of patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, a form of esophageal cancer, has dramatically increased since the 1970s. Known risk factors, such as chronic heartburn, Barrett's esophagus, smoking, and obesity, do not entirely explain this increase. Recent research suggests that high-risk type human papillomavirus may be partially responsible for this anomaly.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Chee Yan Lee, Joe Tsz Kin Ngai, Kathy Ka Ying Chau, Rose Wai Man Yu, Paul Wai Ching Wong
Summary: This study describes the development of an ethogram to assess human-dog interaction in an animal-assisted humane-education programme. The results showed that students had increased interactive behaviours in later sessions, but there were no significant changes in stress-related behaviours of the canine and handler.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Maggie Creamer, Kristina Horback
Summary: Research on human-animal interactions with beef cattle often occurs during stress-inducing contexts, potentially skewing behavioral and physiological responses. Future studies should consider conducting experiments in low stress contexts to better understand how animal personality and previous experience influence cattle production and welfare. By adapting methods used for wildlife response research, researchers may gain insights into improving the quality and outcomes of human-cattle interactions on rangelands.
