Review
Immunology
Jorge A. Soto, Nicolas M. S. Galvez, Catalina A. Andrade, Mario A. Ramirez, Claudia A. Riedel, Alexis M. Kalergis, Susan M. Bueno
Summary: BCG vaccine is used to prevent tuberculosis infection and has the ability to enhance immune response to other vaccines and promote nonspecific immunomodulatory effects through epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic shifts.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria Hall, Sarah Foulkes, Ferdinando Insalata, Peter Kirwan, Ayoub Saei, Ana Atti, Edgar Wellington, Jameel Khawam, Katie Munro, Michelle Cole, Caio Tranquillini, Andrew Taylor-Kerr, Nipunadi Hettiarachchi, Davina Calbraith, Noshin Sajedi, Iain Milligan, Yrene Themistocleous, Diane Corrigan, Lisa Cromey, Lesley Price, Sally Stewart, Elen de Lacy, Chris Norman, Ezra Linley, Ashley D. Otter, Amanda Semper, Jacqueline Hewson, Silvia D'Arcangelo, Meera Chand, Colin S. Brown, Tim Brooks, Jasmin Islam, Andre Charlett, Susan Hopkins
Summary: This study investigated the duration and effectiveness of immunity among healthcare workers in the United Kingdom. It found that two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine provided high short-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but this protection significantly decreased after six months. However, infection-acquired immunity boosted by vaccination remained high, even more than one year after infection.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anastasia V. Poznyak, Evgeny E. Bezsonov, Tatyana V. Popkova, Antonina V. Starodubova, Alexander N. Orekhov
Summary: Atherosclerosis, a well-known disease in medicine, is believed to be related to the immune response in the body. Immune therapies are considered as a potential approach to reduce cardiovascular risk.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catherine J. Reynolds, Joseph M. Gibbons, Corinna Pade, Kai-Min Lin, Diana Munoz Sandoval, Franziska Pieper, David K. Butler, Siyi Liu, Ashley D. Otter, George Joy, Katia Menacho, Marianna Fontana, Angelique Smit, Beatrix Kele, Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Mala K. Maini, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Tim Brooks, Amanda Semper, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas A. Treibel, James C. Moon, Aine McKnight, Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton
Summary: The study found that the initial strain of SARS-CoV-2 infection's impact on downstream immunity to heterologous variants of concern (VOCs) is unknown. After three antigen exposures, neutralization potency against different VOCs changed, and serology poorly predicted neutralizing immunity. Heterologous combinations of spike encountered during infection and vaccination shape subsequent cross-protection against VOCs.
Review
Immunology
Anke Osterloh
Summary: Rickettsioses are serious infectious diseases caused by small intracellular bacteria called rickettsiae. The lack of available diagnostic methods leads to underestimation of these infections, and the limited antibiotic response of the bacteria can result in severe outcomes with delayed or incorrect treatment. Urgent development of prophylactic vaccines is needed to address this threat.
Article
Immunology
Junfei Wei, Venkatesh L. Hegde, Ananta V. Yanamandra, Madison P. O'Hara, Brian Keegan, Kathryn M. Jones, Ulrich Strych, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Bin Zhan, K. Jagannadha Sastry, Peter J. Hotez
Summary: Trichuriasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting the poorest populations. Researchers are developing a vaccine composed of Tm-WAP49 protein to be delivered through intranasal immunization. Preliminary results in a mouse model showed high levels of antibody response and significant reduction in worm burden. The addition of adjuvants further improved the vaccine efficacy, inducing robust cellular responses and long-term T cell memory.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Lucas Boettcher, Jan Nagler
Summary: Research suggests that under certain immunological and epidemiological conditions, administering a single dose as the prime dose may be more effective than administering a booster dose. By combining epidemiological modeling and decision tree learning, it is shown that prime-first vaccination may be more beneficial in slowing down virus spread.
Article
Microbiology
Johannes Roth Madsen, Bettina Eide Holm, Laura Perez-Alos, Rafael Bayarri-Olmos, Anne Rosbjerg, Kamille Fogh, Mia Marie Pries-Heje, Dina Leth Moller, Cecilie Bo Hansen, Line Dam Heftdal, Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch, Sebastian Rask Hamm, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Linda Hilsted, Susanne Dam Nielsen, Kasper Karmark Iversen, Henning Bundgaard, Peter Garred
Summary: This study found that the antibody response in saliva is correlated with the antibody response in serum after vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine. The levels of IgG in saliva were higher in previously infected individuals at 2 months after vaccination compared to infection-naive individuals, but decreased after 6 months. Both saliva and serum IgG levels declined significantly after 6 months.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dominik Dietler, Fredrik Kahn, Malin Inghammar, Jonas Bjork
Summary: This study assesses the temporal trends in protection against mortality and finds that the protection from vaccine-induced and infection-induced immunity decreases over time. Continuous surveillance of population immunity status, especially among vulnerable populations, is recommended to further refine vaccination recommendations.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ilka Wahl, Hedda Wardemann
Summary: This review summarizes our understanding of the molecular and cellular immune responses to Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) in humans, and discusses the implications for vaccine design. However, the current efficacy of anti-PfCSP vaccine responses is limited. Therefore, this article reviews recent research efforts and discusses ways to overcome these limitations to improve vaccine effectiveness and long-term protection.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Moe Kawashima, Hiroaki Saito, Takamitsu Nishiuchi, Hiroki Yoshimura, Masatoshi Wakui, Yuta Tani, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Fumiya Omata, Morihito Takita, Tianchen Zhao, Chika Yamamoto, Yurie Kobashi, Takeshi Kawamura, Akira Sugiyama, Aya Nakayama, Yudai Kaneko, Toyoaki Sawano, Kenji Shibuya, Junichiro Kazama, Ryuzaburo Shineha, Masaharu Tsubokura
Summary: Intensive vaccination is recommended for vulnerable populations to COVID-19, but data on dialysis patients' immunity after vaccination are lacking. This study examined antibody levels, neutralizing activity, and interferon gamma levels in dialysis patients after receiving the BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccine. The study found that most dialysis patients developed both humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Noemie Gloanec, Daniel Dory, Segolene Quesne, Veronique Beven, Typhaine Poezevara, Michel Amelot, Marianne Chemaly, Muriel Guyard-Nicodeme
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the immune responses developed in broilers against Campylobacter and identify important immune parameters for designing new vaccine strategies. By comparing the immune responses in vaccinated and control groups, it was found that although specific anti-flagellin IgY levels and AvBD12 gene expression increased in the vaccinated group, there were no significant differences in specific anti-flagellin IgA antibody levels in bile and the relative expression of other cytokines.
Article
Immunology
Yuta Tani, Morihito Takita, Yurie Kobashi, Masatoshi Wakui, Tianchen Zhao, Chika Yamamoto, Hiroaki Saito, Moe Kawashima, Sota Sugiura, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Fumiya Omata, Yuzo Shimazu, Takeshi Kawamura, Akira Sugiyama, Aya Nakayama, Yudai Kaneko, Tetsuhiko Kodama, Masahiro Kami, Masaharu Tsubokura
Summary: A study in Fukushima, Japan, evaluated the proportion of individuals with cellular immunity after booster vaccination using the T-SPOT.COVID test. It was found that 64.3% of participants had reactive cellular immunity, with age<40 and adverse reactions after vaccination being independent predictors of cellular immunity. Notably, a significant proportion of participants with high antibody titers did not have reactive cellular immunity.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ayesheh Enayati, Maciej Banach, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: Myocarditis is a common inflammatory disease with various causes and manifestations. Phytochemicals have potential as adjunctive therapeutic drugs for the prevention and treatment of myocarditis due to their anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. However, further clinical trials are needed to study their mechanisms of action and efficacy.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ganesh Ram R. Visweswaran, Kamalakannan Vijayan, Ramyavardhanee Chandrasekaran, Olesya Trakhimets, Samantha L. Brown, Vladimir Vigdorovich, Ashton Yang, Andrew Raappana, Alex Watson, William Selman, Meghan Zuck, Nicholas Dambrauskas, Alexis Kaushansky, D. Noah Sather
Summary: This study compared antibody and B cell responses in two mouse strains with different abilities to generate protective antibodies against malaria infection. The presence of vaccine-elicited antibodies was shown to be responsible for protection, and the ability of antibodies to neutralize the parasite was directly linked to their affinity to CSP. The study found that germinal center activity, a key process in B cell maturation, was significantly diminished in the non-protected mouse strain. Additionally, higher levels of somatic mutation, a result of germinal center activity, were observed in the protected mice. These results suggest that enhanced B cell maturation is linked to the ability to generate protective antibody responses, providing important information for the development of future vaccines.
