Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Roberto Carnevale, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Cristina Nocella, Valentina Castellani, Marianna Bufano, Lorenzo Loffredo, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Giacomo Frati, Antonio Coluccia, Romano Silvestri, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Alessandra Oliva, Mario Venditti, Francesco Pugliese, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Ombretta Turriziani, Martina Leopizzi, Giulia D'Amati, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi
Summary: This study identified two pathways, TLR4-dependent and independent, that promote platelet-dependent thrombus growth. It suggests that inhibiting TLR4 or p47phox could be a strategy to counteract thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Mucahit Secme, Yavuz Dodurga, Nese Calli Demirkan, Nida Kacar, Nur Selvi Gunel, Ibrahim Acikbas
Summary: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a group of diseases characterized by malignant clonal CD4+ T lymphocytes in the skin. Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of CTCL, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. This study analyzed the expression of TLR pathway genes and miRNAs in MF samples, and found potential therapeutic possibilities and the influence of the TLR signaling pathway in the molecular pathogenesis of MF.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Danieli F. Buccini, Beatriz C. Roriz, Julia M. Rodrigues, Octavio L. Franco
Summary: Antimicrobial peptides are important molecules in the organism's defense system. They can modulate the immune system and recognize molecules present in pathogens. Overstimulation of TLR4 can lead to uncontrolled inflammatory responses, which can be counteracted by antimicrobial peptides.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Parasitology
Hongyu Li, Yihan Chen, Yunhuan Zhu, Yilu Feng, Yuncheng Qian, Xiaoyu Ye, Jiatong Xu, Hanyu Yang, Jiawei Yu, Jingyu Chen, Keda Chen
Summary: Schistosomiasis, a major parasitic disease, primarily affects economically underdeveloped tropical regions. Controlling the life cycle of intermediate host snails is crucial for preventing and controlling the disease. Exploring the immune interactions between the snails and schistosomes can provide valuable insights for further research and the development of comprehensive strategies.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Canan Eroglu Gunes, Fatma Secer Celik, Mucahit Secme, Levent Elmas, Yavuz Dodurga, Ercan Kurar
Summary: In this study, it was observed that oleandrin has an effect on genes and miRNAs associated with TLR pathway in melanoma cells. The pathways of TLRs and hsa-miR-146a-5p and hsa-miR-21-5p may participate in the molecular mechanism of action of oleandrin.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alessandro Di Cerbo, Sara Giusti, Francesca Mariotti, Andrea Spaterna, Giacomo Rossi, Gian Enrico Magi
Summary: The study found that the expression level of TLR4 in the skin of dogs with discoid lupus erythematous (DLE) was significantly higher than that in normal skin, indicating a potential important role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Minias, Michal Vinkler
Summary: This review examines the role of balancing selection in Toll-like receptors (TLRs), innate immune genes involved in pathogen recognition and immune response activation. The analysis of infection and fitness-based evidence, as well as population allelic frequencies and heterozygosity levels, reveals that balancing selection maintains variation in TLRs under specific conditions and in certain evolutionary lineages. However, the understanding of balancing selection in non-MHC immune genes remains incomplete.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lucia Yi-Ru Chung, Yi-Ting Lin, Chi Liu, Yi-Cheng Tai, Han-Yi Lin, Chin-Hsien Lin, Ching-Chow Chen
Summary: This study reveals that activated microglia-derived neuroinflammation induces neuronal TLR2/4-p38/JNK activation, disrupting autophagy and leading to accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates and neurite shortening. Targeting neuronal TLR2/4 pathway might provide a mechanistic-based therapy for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jianlu Zhang, Jiqin Huang, Haitao Zhao
Summary: In this study, the expression and tissue distribution of TLR2 and TLR4 in Schizothorax prenanti were investigated. It was found that both TLR2 and TLR4 were widely expressed in various tissues, especially immune-related tissues. Injection of poly (I:C) significantly upregulated the expression of these proteins, indicating their potential roles in antiviral immunity and pathological processes in S. prenanti.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lei Zhang, Guangshuai Liu, Tian Xia, Xiufeng Yang, Guolei Sun, Chao Zhao, Chunzhu Xu, Honghai Zhang
Summary: The study analyzed TLR genes from the genomes and transcriptomes of 102 amphibian species to understand their evolutionary patterns. Results showed that TLR genes can be divided into seven subfamilies, with TLR4 subfamily found only in Anura. Purification selection played a leading role in amphibian TLR evolution, and different domains had different evolution rates. Positive selection patterns and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were observed in TLR genes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gyu Hwan Hyun, In Ho Cho, Yoon Young Yang, Da-Hye Jeong, Yun Pyo Kang, You-Sun Kim, Seul Ji Lee, Sung Won Kwon
Summary: This study investigates the immunological action of complex pectin by studying its interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The research shows that pectic heteropolysaccharides (HPSs) derived from terrestrial plant cell walls can bind to TLR4 and activate the immune response. The findings provide a better understanding of the interaction between complex carbohydrates and proteins.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Zhi, Peipei Yang, Yunxue Xu, Zhifei Dai, Xiuli Yue, Linxue Qian
Summary: This review discusses the functions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the tumor microenvironment and the pathways that activate immune responses. It also summarizes recent developments in nanotechnology for immunomodulation with TLR agonists. Nanotechnology can improve the efficacy of TLR agonist-based immunotherapy and address its limitations.
Article
Parasitology
Abdul Qadeer, Bikash Ranjan Giri, Hanif Ullah, Guofeng Cheng
Summary: Recent studies have shown that Schistosoma can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), and identified genes potentially involved in EV biogenesis in Schistosoma japonicum, which are differentially expressed in different developmental stages and sexes of the worms.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan-Tung Chu, Min-Tser Liao, Kuo-Wang Tsai, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Wan-Chung Hu
Summary: A comprehensive framework has been established to understand immunological pathways, and specific associations between immune responses and immune receptors have been identified. These findings contribute to the identification of biomarkers for immune cells and provide insights into host immunological pathways.
Article
Virology
Karsten Eichholz, Tuan Hiep Tran, Coraline Cheneau, Thi Thu Phuong Tran, Oceane Paris, Martine Pugniere, Eric J. Kremer
Summary: This study examines the interactions between danger-associated molecular patterns and human adenoviruses and their impact on vaccines. The interaction between human adenoviruses and HNP-1 can modify the response of antigen-presenting cells, influencing vaccine efficacy. HNP-1 binds to the capsids of human adenoviruses and directs them to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to internalization, inflammasome response, and IL-1β release.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
