Article
Clinical Neurology
Eva Wiberg Torstensen, Niels Christian Haubjerg Osterby, Fabio Pizza, Giuseppe Plazzi, Elena Antelmi, Monica Moresco, Emmanuel Mignot, Niklas Rye Jorgensen, Gitte Lund Christensen, Benedikte Wanscher, Birgitte Rahbek Kornum, Poul Jorgen Jennum
Summary: The study aimed to revalidate CSF-hcrt-1 cut-offs for diagnosing NT1 and evaluate temporal changes in CSF-hcrt-1 levels in patients with central hypersomnia. The findings showed that measuring CSF-hcrt-1 could accurately diagnose NT1, and stable CSF-hcrt-1 levels support the established prognosis of narcolepsy.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David J. Kennaway
Summary: According to the latest evidence, the gut is not a major source of melatonin and may not produce any.
JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David J. Kennaway
Summary: In 1992, a paper reported the melatonin content of the rat duodenum and pineal gland, and the data has been used to infer that the gut produces more melatonin than the pineal gland. However, this review presents evidence that contradicts these claims, suggesting that pinealectomy eliminates melatonin from the circulation and that the reported levels may be overestimated due to cross reactivity in immunoassays. Recent studies also show that the gut's melatonin content is much lower than originally stated.
JOURNAL OF PINEAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Mie Gunni Kolmos, Alba Perez Arribas, Birgitte Rahbek Kornum, Jessica Lauren Justinussen
Summary: Recent studies have focused on how sickness behaviors are regulated in the brain in response to peripheral infections. It has been found that hypocretin signaling is downregulated during sickness, but there are also conflicting findings. Additionally, the changes in hypocretin receptor expression during sickness are still unknown.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Butian Wei, Xin Zhang, Jiwei Qian, Zhe Tang, Bo Zhang
Summary: Nrf2 is an important intracellular regulator of antioxidant stress, regulating not only antioxidant function but also insulin secretion, proliferation, and differentiation of beta cells, ER stress, and mitochondrial function. Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 has been shown to protect islet cells during different stages of transplantation in experiments.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Demi Oddes, Ayanda Ngwenya, Illke B. Malungo, Anita Burkevica, Therese Hard, Mads F. Bertelsen, Muhammad A. Spocter, D. Michael Scantlebury, Paul R. Manger
Summary: Using orexin-A immunohistochemistry, the distribution, morphology, and nuclear parcellation of orexinergic neurons in the hypothalami of Asiatic lions, African lions, and Southeast African cheetahs were studied. The clustering and distribution of orexinergic neurons in these felids appear to be more complex than in other mammals.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eiji Kawasaki
Summary: Anti-islet autoantibodies are crucial markers for immune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D) and slowly progressive T1D (SPIDDM) or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). They are used for diagnosis, pathological analysis, and prediction of T1D. Different autoantibodies serve different purposes, such as reflecting insulitis or pancreatic & beta-cell destruction. Combinatorial analysis of these autoantibodies helps diagnose immune-mediated T1D, while a lack of autoantibodies is associated with fulminant T1D. Evaluating the epitopes and subclasses of these autoantibodies aids in distinguishing diabetes-associated from non-diabetes-associated autoantibodies and predicting future insulin deficiency. New advancements in autoantibody assays can improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prediction of autoimmune disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martha Campbell-Thompson, Elizabeth A. Butterworth, J. Lucas Boatwright, Malavika A. Nair, Lith H. Nasif, Kamal Nasif, Andy Y. Revell, Alberto Riva, Clayton E. Mathews, Ivan C. Gerling, Desmond A. Schatz, Mark A. Atkinson
Summary: The dysregulation of glucagon secretion in type 1 diabetes involves the sympathetic nervous system and noradrenalin degradation pathways. The study found that sympathetic innervation at islets and intrinsic adrenergic signaling pathways could be novel targets for improving glucagon secretion in T1D patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anneliese J. S. Flatt, Carla J. Greenbaum, James A. M. Shaw, Michael R. Rickels
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by loss and dysfunction of pancreatic islet beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. Assessment of beta cell secretory capacity can detect the loss of beta cells during a presymptomatic phase of autoimmune attack. Islet transplantation can restore physiologic reserve capacity for insulin secretion.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Yang Liu, Qianwen Wang, Kangze Wu, Zhouyi Sun, Zhe Tang, Xian Li, Bo Zhang
Summary: The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing every year, causing a global burden. Existing treatments have limitations, and new approaches are needed. Anthocyanins have positive effects on diabetes, reducing the risk and improving metabolism and antioxidant activity. They also improve the damage and function of pancreatic islets after transplantation.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Abiramy Jeyagaran, Chuan-en Lu, Aline Zbinden, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Sara Y. Brucker, Shannon L. Layland
Summary: The development of new therapeutic approaches to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus relies on understanding the biology of insulin-secreting p-cells and the mechanisms responsible for their autoimmune destruction. This review discusses the current state of p-cell differentiation and the possibilities for enhancing insulin-secreting cell/islet transplantation from a translational perspective.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongli Wang, Mingrui Jia
Summary: The loss of hypocretin is considered to be the primary pathophysiological mechanism of narcolepsy. Research has shown that narcolepsy patients have lower levels of thyroid hormones, which are related to sleep quality, anxiety, and depression.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Cristina Concetti, Denis Burdakov
Summary: The lateral hypothalamus plays a role in sleep-wake control by producing orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone neuropeptides. These neuropeptides can rapidly change their firing in response to external stimuli in awake animals. Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations suggest that rapid lateral hypothalamic dynamics shape cognitive and motor processes in the awake brain.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Xiaofei Zhang, Zhuo Ma, Eli Song, Tao Xu
Summary: Islet organoids have great potential as disease models for diabetes, but currently established models are generally immature and need further improvement in heterogeneity and functionality. The focus is on advancing islet organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells and their potential applications in disease modeling and regenerative therapies for diabetes.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Acacia Eduarda de Jesus Nascimento, Luciano Cardoso Santos, Bianca Reis Santos, Emilly Oliveira Santos, Maria Clara da Silva Gairao Cunha, Paola Pereira das Neves Snoeck, Mario Sergio Lima de Lavor, Juneo Freitas Silva
Summary: Sex steroids and antioxidant enzymes play important roles in female sexual development and reproductive functions. This study investigated the expression profile of sex steroid receptors and antioxidant enzymes in the uterus of domestic cats during the estrous cycle. The results showed differential expression of estrogen alpha and progesterone receptors, as well as antioxidant enzymes, in different phases of the cycle. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of sex steroids and antioxidant enzymes in the uterus of domestic cats.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
K. Tekes, G. Karvaly, S. Nurulain, K. Kuca, K. Musilek, E. Adeghate, Y-S Jung, H. Kalasz
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2019)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ernest Adeghate, Mohamed Lotfy, Crystal D'Souza, Saleh Meqbel Alseiari, Abdulla Ali Alsaadi, Saif Abdo Qahtan
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2020)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nabil Eid, Manoj B. Menon, Paul Thomes, Tao Zeng, Nuno Raimundo, Jose C. Fernandez-Checa, Lin Wang, Yuko Ito, Yoshinori Otsuki, Ernest Adeghate
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alaa Alachkar, Sheikh Azimullah, Mohamed Lotfy, Ernest Adeghate, Shreesh K. Ojha, Rami Beiram, Dorota Lazewska, Katarzyna Kiec-Kononowicz, Bassem Sadek
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haba Elabadlah, Rasheed Hameed, Crystal D'Souza, Sahar Mohsin, Ernest A. Adeghate
Article
Cell Biology
Jennifer O. Adeghate, Crystal D'Souza, Orsolya Kantor, Saeed Tariq, Abdul-Kader Souid, Ernest Adeghate
Summary: The study investigated the effects of early onset of diabetes mellitus on retina ultrastructure and cellular bioenergetics. Results showed that diabetic rats had significantly higher levels of blood glucose and cholesterol, as well as increased degeneration of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Additionally, levels of incretins and antioxidants were elevated in the diabetic rat retina, suggesting a potential protective mechanism during the early phase of diabetes progression.
Article
Biology
Ernest Adeghate, Crystal M. D'Souza, Zulqarnain Saeed, Saeeda Al Jaberi, Saeed Tariq, Huba Kalasz, Kornelia Tekes, Ernest A. Adeghate
Summary: The study found that Nociceptin (NC) treatment in diabetic rats significantly increased the presence of catalase (CAT) in the liver and brain, elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and brain, and increased expression of glutathione reductase (GRED) in the kidney, liver, and brain. This suggests that NC can help mitigate oxidative stress in diabetic patients by inducing endogenous antioxidants.
Article
Biology
Annie John, Layla Amiri, Jasmin Shafarin, Saeed Tariq, Ernest Adeghate, Frank Christopher Howarth, Haider Raza
Summary: Aspirin treatment prevents alterations in mitochondrial function, improves pancreatic endocrine function, and regulates oxidative metabolism. It also improves respiratory function and energy metabolism in mitochondria, and repairs some cellular abnormalities in the liver and kidneys.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bright Starling Emerald, Sahar Mohsin, Crystal D'Souza, Annie John, Hussain El-Hasasna, Shreesh Ojha, Haider Raza, Basel Al-Ramadi, Ernest Adeghate
Summary: Nitric oxide is involved in the development of diabetes, with neuronal nitric oxide synthase playing a role in the pancreatic beta cell metabolism. However, nNOS disappears quickly in pancreatic beta cells while increasing in pancreatic nerves during the early stages of diabetes. Oxidative stress, measured by ROS and TBARS, is increased in the early stages of diabetes but decreases over time.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Salim M. A. Bastaki, Naheed Amir, Ernest Adeghate, Shreesh Ojha
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are gastrointestinal diseases involving oxidative stress and inflammation. Plant-based compound LYCO has been investigated for its potential therapeutic benefits in treating IBD by targeting oxidative stress and inflammation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ifrah Ismail Ali, Crystal D'Souza, Jaipaul Singh, Ernest Adeghate
Summary: Adropin plays an important role in energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism, and has effects on cholesterol regulation and anti-inflammation. This article provides an overview of the role of Adropin in different pathological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ahmed Sultan, Ernest Adeghate, Bright Starling Emerald, Muhammad A. Qureshi, Saeed Tariq Minhas, Frank Christopher Howarth
Summary: The study found that the amplitude of shortening in ZF rat ventricular myocytes was increased, while resting Ca2+ levels were elevated in ZDF rat myocytes. Additionally, the time for Ca2+ transient half decay was prolonged in ZDF rats and reduced in ZF rats compared to ZL rats. Changes in protein expression and cell structure were also noted.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zannatul Ferdous, Ozaz Elzaki, Sumaya Beegam, Nur Elena Zaaba, Saeed Tariq, Ernest Adeghate, Abderrahim Nemmar
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypertension on silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) induced hemolysis and the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. SiNPs caused dose-dependent hemolysis, erythrocyte deformity, and increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. The concentration of intracellular Ca2+, annexin V, and calpain activity were also increased by SiNPs. Importantly, all these effects were potentiated in erythrocytes from hypertensive rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed Omer Mahgoub, Ifrah Ismail Ali, Jennifer O. O. Adeghate, Kornelia Tekes, Huba Kalasz, Ernest A. A. Adeghate
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence, projecting to reach 783 million cases in 2045. The management cost for diabetes in 2021 alone exceeded USD 966 billion. Lack of physical activity due to urbanization is believed to be a major cause for the increasing incidence, associated with higher obesity rates. Successful management of blood glucose is crucial in diabetes therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. F. Nagoor Meeran, Sheikh Azimullah, Farah Laham, Saeed Tariq, Sameer N. Goyal, Ernest Adeghate, Shreesh Ojha
