Gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-36 beta (-1F8), interleukin-36 gamma (-1F9) and interleukin-33 (-1F11) levels in different periodontal disease

Background: Periodontal inflammation is driven by the coordinated action of a number of factors, including the IL-1 family. Our study aimed to examine the levels of interleuldn (IL)-36 beta, IL-36 gamma and IL-33 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with different periodontal diseases. Materials and methods: A total of 80 subjects, 20 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 with gingivitis and 20 periodontally healthy subjects were included. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth, clinical attachment loss, papillary bleeding index and plaque index. GCF cytokine levels were analysed by ELISA. Results: CP, gingivitis and healthy groups had similar GCF IL-36 beta total amount (p > 0.008). G-AgP group had elevated IL-36 beta total amount compared to CP group (p < 0.008). G-AgP group had similar GCF IL-36 beta total amount to gingivitis and healthy groups (p > 0.008). GCF IL-36 gamma and IL-33 total amounts of the study groups were similar (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated for the first time the presence of IL-36 beta, IL-36 gamma and IL-33 GCF levels with different periodontal diseases. High levels of IL-36-beta in the AgP group in comparison to CP group might suggest that periodontitis in the aggressive form could be related to the increase in GCF IL-36 beta. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.