Journal
OPTICS LETTERS
Volume 38, Issue 20, Pages 4236-4239Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OL.38.004236
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Funding
- National Major Scientific Research Program of China [2011CB910401]
- Science Fund for Creative Research Group of China [61121004]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81201067]
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Acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) takes advantage of weak acoustic scattering to image fine structures, such as the subcutaneous microvasculature, providing a spatial resolution on the order of tens of micrometers. However, the amplitude of AR-PAM deteriorates sharply with depth, as a result of light scattering and acoustic attenuation caused by structures such as the skin. Optical clearing techniques can enhance optical transmittance by decreasing the scattering of light through tissues. However, it is unknown whether optical clearing agents (OCAs) can be used to improve AR-PAM. We applied different types of OCAs to rat dorsal skin in an ex vivo study to determine the effects of OCAs on photoacoustic detection. We identified three OCAs that improved the photoacoustic amplitude for further in vivo testing. With the use of an appropriate penetration enhancer, PEG-400 significantly improved the photoacoustic amplitude for detection of deep-sealed blood vessels, while glycerol alone improved the image quality of shallow vessels. In contrast, DMSO application resulted in decreased photoacoustic amplitude in the in vivo trials. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America
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