Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuzhe Xiao, Zhaoning Yu, Raymond A. Wambold, Hongyan Mei, Garrett Hickman, Randall H. Goldsmith, Mark Saffman, Mikhail A. Kats
Summary: This study introduces optical bottle beams for trapping atoms and small particles with low-index, comparing traps obtained by three different methods using a figure of merit (FoM). By utilizing an optimization algorithm, optical bottle-beam traps based on Gaussian beam illuminating a metasurface are identified to have superior power efficiency. A numerical demonstration using a silicon metasurface for creating an optical bottle-beam trap is provided.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huicheng Hu, Wenhao Guan, Yafeng Xu, Xuchun Wang, Linzhong Wu, Min Chen, Qixuan Zhong, Yong Xu, Youyong Li, Tsun-Kong Sham, Xiaohong Zhang, Lu Wang, Muhan Cao, Qiao Zhang
Summary: The study demonstrates that Pt single atoms can be successfully deposited on CsPbBr3 NCs through a photoassisted approach, leading to efficient photocatalytic properties. CsPbBr3 nanocrystals can also be used as suitable substrates for anchoring other metal single atoms, expanding their applications in catalysis.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
R. Zaplotnik, A. Drenik, A. Vesel, M. Mozetic
Summary: Production of ammonia by surface reactions of H and N atoms on surfaces not wetted by partially ionized plasma was studied. The interaction efficiency was measured in a laboratory setup, and the production depended on the fluxes of H and N atoms onto the surface. Nickel showed the highest efficiency of up to 50%, followed by tungsten with up to 30% efficiency, and P92 alloy with up to 20% efficiency. Methods for suppressing ammonia formation in fusion reactors will be necessary for long-term operation.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alec Jenkins, Joanna W. Lis, Aruku Senoo, William F. McGrew, Adam M. Kaufman
Summary: This study reports a fast, scalable, and high-fidelity qubit architecture based on 171Yb atoms, and proposes a near-deterministic loading protocol that is expected to play an important role in quantum simulation and information applications.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katrina Barnes, Peter Battaglino, Benjamin J. Bloom, Kayleigh Cassella, Robin Coxe, Nicole Crisosto, Jonathan P. King, Stanimir S. Kondov, Krish Kotru, Stuart C. Larsen, Joseph Lauigan, Brian J. Lester, Mickey McDonald, Eli Megidish, Sandeep Narayanaswami, Ciro Nishiguchi, Remy Notermans, Lucas S. Peng, Albert Ryou, Tsung-Yao Wu, Michael Yarwood
Summary: This study introduces a qubit encoded in the nuclear spin states of a single Sr-87 atom and demonstrates long coherence time in a register of individually-controlled qubits. The researchers achieve comparable coherence times while driving multiple qubits in parallel. They suggest that nuclear spin qubits will combine with technical advances to accelerate the realization of intermediate-scale quantum information processors.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Lijiao Guo, Zhiqing Feng, Yating Fu, Changjun Min
Summary: In this paper, a new approach for generating a vector beams array and dynamically manipulating the polarization state of the beam array is proposed based on a stable interferometric arrangement with a single reflective SLM. The experimental results demonstrate excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions, showing the system's capability in generating and controlling vector beams arrays with different polarization states. The system has great potential in various applications such as laser processing, optical trapping, and optical communications.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Valentin Magro, Julien Vaneecloo, Sebastien Garcia, Alexei Ourjoumtsev
Summary: Freely propagating optical quantum states with negative Wigner functions are deterministically generated with a 60% photon generation efficiency by mapping the internal state of an intracavity Rydberg superatom onto an optical qubit. The evolution from quadrature squeezing to Wigner negativity is observed by changing the qubit rotation angle. This experiment overcomes major roadblocks in optical quantum engineering.
Article
Optics
Maki Maeda, Jameesh Keloth, Nic Chormaic
Summary: Researchers have successfully demonstrated a Fabry-Perot fiber cavity with an optical nanofiber supporting higher-order modes (TE01, TM01, HEo21, and HEe21). Through cavity spectroscopy, mode imaging, and analysis, complex and inhomogeneous polarization states with topological features containing Stokes singularities were observed in the cavity resonances. The desired profile and polarization of the cavity mode were obtained by tuning the intracavity birefringence. These findings are believed to open new research possibilities for cold atom manipulation and multimode cavity quantum electrodynamics using higher-order mode optical nanofibers.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Meng Xia, Yaling Yin, Chunying Pei, Yuer Ye, Ruoxi Gu, Kang Yan, Di Wu, Yong Xia, Jianping Yin
Summary: This study generated a crossed, focused optical vortex beam using hybrid holograms and analyzed its intensity distributions and the relationship of dark spot size with various parameters. The results show that the dark spot size of the vortex beam can be adjusted by the quantum number of orbital angular momentum and it can enhance the density of trapped molecules. Additionally, the optical potential of the blue-detuned, crossed vortex beam for MgF molecules was calculated, which could be used for cooling and trapping neutral molecules with high intensity gradient near the focal point.
Article
Optics
Hongyu Liu, Lisong Yan, Hongshan Chen, Xin Liu, Heyan Liu, Soo Hoon Chew, Alexander Gliserin, Qing Wang, Jinwei Zhang
Summary: A compact apparatus has been developed to generate powerful high-order femtosecond vortex pulses with continuously tunable vortex order. This is achieved using a hybrid scheme that combines translation-based off-axis pumping and angle-based non-collinear pumping techniques. The resulting vortex pulses have average powers in the range of several hundred milliwatts and pulse durations of less than 650 fs. Notably, 424-fs 11th-order vortex pulses with an average power of 1.6 W have been achieved, which is several times more powerful than the current state-of-the-art oscillator-based femtosecond vortex sources.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Longzhu Cen, Zijing Zhang, Liping Liu, Jiazhi Wang, Yuan Zhao
Summary: Time-of-flight (TOF) ranging is widely used for accurate measurement, but existing schemes require continuous measurements for high accuracy, limiting the acquisition rate. This study introduces a method using vortex beams to achieve high-speed and high-accuracy ranging in a single-shot manner.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Optics
Louis-Paul Henry, Slimane Thabet, Constantin Dalyac, Loic Henriet
Summary: The rapid development of reliable quantum processing units has opened up novel computational opportunities for machine learning. This study introduces a procedure for measuring the similarity between graph-structured data based on the time evolution of a quantum system, which shows promising performance compared to standard graph kernels on benchmark datasets. The possibility of implementing this procedure on a realistic neutral-atom quantum processor is also studied.
Article
Optics
Li Chen, Rakesh Kumar Singh, Aristide Dogariu, Ziyang Chen, Jixiong Pu
Summary: A technique to measure the topological charge of vortex beams, particularly applicable to dynamic diffusers, is proposed. Numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.
CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qi Wu, Wenhui Fan, Chong Qin
Summary: Terahertz orbital angular momentum (OAM) technology has promising applications in future wireless communication. However, the conventional THz vortex beam is limited in co-propagation of multiple OAM modes. In this study, we demonstrate two perfect vortex beam (PVB) generators based on all-dielectric metasurfaces for polarization-independent PVB and spin multiplexed PVB, respectively. Moreover, we propose a method to generate stable perfect Poincare beams with arbitrary polarization and phase distribution on a hybrid-order Poincare Sphere using spin-decoupled metasurfaces. This research provides a compact and efficient platform for PVB generation and superposition in the THz region.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Benoit Voisin, Joseph Salfi, Rajib Rahman, Sven Rogge
Summary: Silicon is a leading qubit platform due to its exceptional coherence times and available commercial manufacturing integration platform. Accurate quantum state manipulation is crucial for building scalable quantum processing architectures, which requires a complete understanding of the underlying quantum state properties. This article reviews electrical methods developed for probing the quantum states encoded in individual and interacting atom qubits in silicon, including single electron-tunneling spectroscopy, radio frequency reflectometry, and scanning tunneling microscopy.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Clarice D. Aiello, D. D. Awschalom, Hannes Bernien, Tina Brower, Kenneth R. Brown, Todd A. Brun, Justin R. Caram, Eric Chitambar, Rosa Di Felice, Karina Montilla Edmonds, Michael F. J. Fox, Stephan Haas, Alexander W. Holleitner, Eric R. Hudson, Jeffrey H. Hunt, Robert Joynt, Scott Koziol, M. Larsen, H. J. Lewandowski, Doug T. McClure, Jens Palsberg, Gina Passante, Kristen L. Pudenz, Christopher J. K. Richardson, Jessica L. Rosenberg, R. S. Ross, Mark Saffman, M. Singh, David W. Steuerman, Chad Stark, Jos Thijssen, A. Nick Vamivakas, James D. Whitfield, Benjamin M. Zwickl
Summary: Interest in establishing dedicated quantum information science and engineering (QISE) education programs has significantly increased in recent years. These programs are complex, resource-intensive, and require collaboration with a variety of stakeholders. This manuscript outlines the status of eighteen post-secondary education programs in QISE, provides guidance for developing new programs, and encourages the development of a comprehensive strategic plan to maximize investments in QISE.
QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Abraham Asfaw, Alexandre Blais, Kenneth R. Brown, Jonathan Candelaria, Christopher Cantwell, Lincoln D. Carr, Joshua Combes, Dripto M. Debroy, John M. Donohue, Sophia E. Economou, Emily Edwards, Michael F. J. Fox, Steven M. Girvin, Alan Ho, Hilary M. Hurst, Zubin Jacob, Blake R. Johnson, Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin, Robert Joynt, Eliot Kapit, Judith Klein-Seetharaman, Martin Laforest, H. J. Lewandowski, Theresa W. Lynn, Corey Rae H. McRae, Celia Merzbacher, Spyridon Michalakis, Prineha Narang, William D. Oliver, Jens Palsberg, David P. Pappas, Michael G. Raymer, David J. Reilly, Mark Saffman, Thomas A. Searles, Jeffrey H. Shapiro, Chandralekha Singh
Summary: The paper provides a roadmap for constructing a quantum engineering education program to meet the workforce needs of the United States and international community. Through a workshop and drawing on best practices, the researchers make specific findings and recommendations, including the design of a first quantum engineering course accessible to all STEM students and the education and training methods for producing quantum-proficient engineers.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. M. Graham, Y. Song, J. Scott, C. Poole, L. Phuttitarn, K. Jooya, P. Eichler, X. Jiang, A. Marra, B. Grinkemeyer, M. Kwon, M. Ebert, J. Cherek, M. T. Lichtman, M. Gillette, J. Gilbert, D. Bowman, T. Ballance, C. Campbell, E. D. Dahl, O. Crawford, N. S. Blunt, B. Rogers, T. Noel, M. Saffman
Summary: Gate-model quantum computers promise to solve computational problems by utilizing neutral-atom hyperfine qubits and strong entangling interactions provided by Rydberg states. Several quantum algorithms have been successfully demonstrated on a programmable neutral-atom quantum computer.
Article
Optics
C. B. Young, A. Safari, P. Huft, J. Zhang, E. Oh, R. Chinnarasu, M. Saffman
Summary: The paper proposes a two-species architecture for remote entanglement of neutral atom quantum computers, one of which is used for atom-photon entanglement while the other provides local processing. By comparing two optical approaches, the predicted rates of remote entanglement generation under experimentally feasible parameters are discussed.
APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
T. M. Graham, E. Oh, M. Saffman
Summary: This paper presents a technique for rapid site-selective control of the quantum state of particles in a large array by combining a fast deflector and a relatively slow spatial light modulator (SLM). The use of SLMs for site-selective quantum state manipulation has been limited due to slow transition times. However, by partitioning the SLM into multiple segments and using a fast deflector, it is possible to substantially reduce the transition time and increase the number of quantum gates that can be performed.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Danylo Lykov, Jonathan Wurtz, Cody Poole, Mark Saffman, Tom Noel, Yuri Alexeev
Summary: We compared the performance of QAOA with Gurobi and MQLib solvers on solving the MaxCut problem. We found that a quantum device with a minimum noiseless sampling frequency and depth p can outperform classical algorithms. However, classical heuristic solvers can produce high-quality approximate solutions in linear time complexity, while a quantum device needs a depth p > 11 to match this quality for large graph sizes. Multi-shot QAOA is not efficient on large graphs, limiting the quantum advantage of QAOA on 3-regular graphs. Other problems may be more suitable for achieving quantum advantage on near-term quantum devices.
NPJ QUANTUM INFORMATION
(2023)
Article
Optics
X. Jiang, J. Scott, Mark Friesen, M. Saffman
Summary: The fidelity of gate operations on neutral atom qubits is limited by fluctuations of the laser drive. We quantify the sensitivity of quantum gate fidelities to laser phase and intensity noise and develop models to identify features observed in laser self-heterodyne noise spectra. By incorporating phase noise in numerical simulations, we validate an analytical theory based on a perturbative solution of a master equation and compute quantum gate fidelities for one-and two-photon Rabi oscillations, demonstrating the enhancement with the appropriate choice of Rabi frequency relative to spectral noise peaks. The influence of intensity noise with spectral support smaller than the Rabi frequency is also analyzed, establishing requirements on laser noise levels needed to achieve desired gate fidelities.
Article
Optics
P. Huft, Y. Song, T. M. Graham, K. Jooya, S. Deshpande, C. Fang, M. Kats, M. Saffman
Summary: In this paper, we present an approach for trapping cold atoms in a two-dimensional optical trap array generated without any active device. The design allows for the formation of arrays of bright or dark traps, or both simultaneously, and solves the problem of out-of-focus trapped atoms in periodic optical lattices. The experimental results demonstrate the successful creation of a 2D array of 1225 dark trap sites and the near perfect removal of Talbot plane traps using a high power yet low cost laser.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
D. C. Gold, P. Huft, C. Young, A. Safari, T. G. Walker, M. Saffman, D. D. Yavuz
Summary: This work demonstrates that an optically thin ensemble of 11,000 radiating atoms spontaneously organizes to produce spatially coherent light through collective coupling of the individual emitters via Dicke superradiance and subradiance (as opposed to amplification through stimulated emission).
Article
Optics
L. C. G. Govia, C. Poole, M. Saffman, H. K. Krovi
Summary: This research presents a modification to the QAOA algorithm by adding additional variational parameters, resulting in high performance in solving the MaxCut problem at low depth, and explores its potential for solving other problems effectively.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuzhe Xiao, Zhaoning Yu, Raymond A. Wambold, Hongyan Mei, Garrett Hickman, Randall H. Goldsmith, Mark Saffman, Mikhail A. Kats
Summary: This study introduces optical bottle beams for trapping atoms and small particles with low-index, comparing traps obtained by three different methods using a figure of merit (FoM). By utilizing an optimization algorithm, optical bottle-beam traps based on Gaussian beam illuminating a metasurface are identified to have superior power efficiency. A numerical demonstration using a silicon metasurface for creating an optical bottle-beam trap is provided.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Michael J. Cervia, A. B. Balantekin, S. N. Coppersmith, Calvin W. Johnson, Peter J. Love, C. Poole, K. Robbins, M. Saffman
Summary: Atomic nuclei serve as important laboratories for exploring new insights into the universe. Quantum computation is being applied to nuclear structure to address uncertainties, with a need for additional hardware improvements to enhance accuracy and competitiveness.
Article
Optics
F. Robicheaux, T. M. Graham, M. Saffman
Summary: This study quantifies the limits to Rydberg gate fidelity arising from entanglement between internal states and motion of neutral atoms due to photon absorption and re-emission. The Schrodinger equation is used to explore two cases, involving excitation and stimulated emission timings, as well as the effects of focused beam modes on gate fidelity. The decoherence can be expressed in simple analytic formulas considering factors such as photon momentum, atom temperature, harmonic oscillator frequency, laser waist, and atomic mass.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Ehud Altman, Kenneth R. Brown, Giuseppe Carleo, Lincoln D. Carr, Eugene Demler, Cheng Chin, Brian DeMarco, Sophia E. Economou, Mark A. Eriksson, Kai-Mei C. Fu, Markus Greiner, Kaden R. A. Hazzard, Randall G. Hulet, Alicia J. Kollar, Benjamin L. Lev, Mikhail D. Lukin, Ruichao Ma, Xiao Mi, Shashank Misra, Christopher Monroe, Kater Murch, Zaira Nazario, Kang-Kuen Ni, Andrew C. Potter, Pedram Roushan, Mark Saffman, Monika Schleier-Smith, Irfan Siddiqi, Raymond Simmonds, Meenakshi Singh, I. B. Spielman, Kristan Temme, David S. Weiss, Jelena Vuckovic, Vladan Vuletic, Jun Ye, Martin Zwierlein
Summary: Quantum simulators are a rapidly developing technology that utilizes entanglement and many-particle behavior to explore and solve scientific, engineering, and computational problems. With over 300 quantum simulators in operation worldwide, recent advances promise a golden age of quantum simulators that have the potential to address societal challenges and draw from various fields of study. Investment in a national quantum simulator program is seen as crucial to advancing this field and realizing practical applications of quantum machines.
Article
Optics
Jacques Van Damme, Xin Zheng, Mark Saffman, Maxim G. Vavilov, Shimon Kolkowitz
Summary: This study analyzes spin squeezing via Rydberg dressing in optical lattice clocks with random fractional filling, comparing clock stability in different lattice geometries and providing practical tools for experimental implementation. The results demonstrate that spin squeezing in one-, two-, and three-dimensional optical lattices using Rydberg dressing can significantly improve stability in the presence of random fractional filling.
