Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhaoyu Lai, Shecheng Gao, Zhibing Liu, Yanxiong Wu, Jiajing Tu, Jinpei Li, Jishun Yang, Ji Zhou, Qi Sui, Weiping Liu, Zhaohui Li
Summary: The study presents a multiplexing system designed to efficiently multiplex a large number of OAM modes. The system includes a compactable shaper and a pair of free-form refractive optical elements. Experimental results demonstrate the successful multiplexing of OAM multiple modes in the C+L band.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Kestutis Regelskis, Gustas Liaugminas, Julijanas Zeludevicius
Summary: In this article, an ultrashort light pulse regenerative shaper based on a closed-loop double-stage Mamyshev regenerator with an electrically controllable acousto-optic switch is proposed and demonstrated. The reshaping of the initial pulse to an ultrashort, high-quality, compressible pulse is achieved through repeated pulses round-trips in the closed-loop regenerative circuit (RC). It was found that the energy of the regenerated pulse became independent of the energy of the initial pulse after 3-7 round-trips, while at least 20 round-trips were required to shape the steady repetitive pulse.
Article
Neurosciences
G. Allan Johnson, Rick Laoprasert, Robert J. Anderson, Gary Cofer, James Cook, Forrest Pratson, Leonard E. White
Summary: A multi-contrast, multi-dimensional atlas of the Wistar rat was created using magnetic resonance histology (MRH), providing microscopic spatial resolution and improved visualization of fiber architecture, orientation distribution, and crossing fibers. The use of multi-gradient echo images and compressed sensing for multiple specimens enhanced contrast and aided in anatomical delineation, offering potential for automated label registration in MR histology and preclinical imaging.
Article
Optics
Xinyang Liu, Wenhua Ren, Tingya Yin, Fan Wang, Kewei Li
Summary: We propose a cascaded axis-aligned single mode-four mode-single mode (SFS) fiber structure filter as an all-optical pulse shaper. Different intensity profiles of pulse shapers can be achieved by adjusting the parameters of the cascaded SFS fiber structures. We design and obtain flat-top, triangular, and parabolic pulse shapers using cascaded axis-aligned SFS fiber structure filters at different input pulse widths, followed by characterizations. This design offers a simple and competitive way to implement optical arbitrary waveform generators.
Article
Optics
Mikhail Martyanov, Ivan Mukhin, Igor Kuzmin, Sergey Mironov
Summary: A compact optical layout utilizing a tilted chirped volume Bragg grating and a programmable spatial light modulator is proposed for manipulating strongly chirped laser pulses on a nanosecond time scale. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of spectral shaping with high resolution.
Article
Optics
Anita Devi, Arijit K. De
Summary: There is increasing research interest in using ultrashort pulsed excitation for optical trapping and manipulation of objects. While nonlinear laser tweezers show great promise, challenges such as accurate pulse-width measurement, force calibration, and high cost limit their practical use.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rene Geromel, Philip Georgi, Maximilian Protte, Shiwei Lei, Tim Bartley, Lingling Huang, Thomas Zentgraf
Summary: Dispersion is a common phenomenon in optical systems and is often undesirable, especially in nonlinear-optical experiments requiring ultrashort laser pulses. A compact pulse-shaping device using plasmonic metasurfaces is introduced to achieve full dispersion control by applying a designed spectral phase delay. Additionally, the device can reshape incident laser pulses into more complex forms, such as a double pulse, through specific phase encodings. The device's performance is verified using an SHG-FROG measurement setup and a retrieval algorithm to extract the dispersion applied to the incident laser pulse.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
A. Yu Klokova, A. Sharkova
Summary: The compact pulse shaper described here is capable of controlling broadband electro-optical modulators at frequencies from 0 to 1.5 MHz, generating control pulses with voltages up to 300 V or more, and rise and fall edges of similar to 35 ns. Its small dimensions allow it to be combined with an electro-optic modulator into a single unit, significantly reducing parasitic electromagnetic radiation.
INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anna Vila, Sergio Moreno, Joan Canals, Angel Dieguez
Summary: Lensless microscopy with a simple configuration demonstrates the smallest practical microscope, utilizing a single-pixel detector and a microdisplay for raster optical microscopy. Maximum resolution is achieved through reduced LED size and precise sample positioning relative to the microdisplay, without the need for light backpropagation. Resolutions down to 800 nm have been achieved in a mm-high microscope, even with larger detectors, showcasing the potential for dedicated technology to shorten measuring time.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna E. C. Meijering, Kata Sarlos, Christian F. Nielsen, Hannes Witt, Janni Harju, Emma Kerklingh, Guus H. Haasnoot, Anna H. Bizard, Iddo Heller, Chase P. Broedersz, Ying Liu, Erwin J. G. Peterman, Ian D. Hickson, Gijs J. L. Wuite
Summary: In this study, a workflow based on optical trapping and manipulation is introduced to investigate the organization of human chromosomes. The research reveals that chromosomes exhibit nonlinear stiffening behavior under increasing mechanical load and introduces a hierarchical worm-like chain model to explain this anomalous stiffening.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Binglin Shen, Zhenglin Li, Ying Pan, Yuan Guo, Zongyi Yin, Rui Hu, Junle Qu, Liwei Liu
Summary: This study introduces an intelligent paradigm that combines label-free nonlinear optical imaging with contrastive patch-wise learning, resulting in stain-free nonlinear optical computational histology (NOCH). NOCH enables swift and precise diagnostic analysis of fresh tissues, holding immense potential for revolutionizing cancer diagnosis and surgical interventions. The study validates the accuracy of NOCH in reproducing essential pathological features across different cancer types and stages.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yingying Xie, Lingfei Li, Yue Kang
Summary: In this study, a complete discrimination system was proposed to search traveling wave solutions for a (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation with parabolic law nonlinearity. Various solutions including dark soliton, bright soliton, triangular solitary wave solution, kink soliton, periodic solutions and implicit analytical solutions were obtained, and their mechanics were visualized through numerical simulations. Additionally, the linear stability of dark soliton u(25) in Lyapunov's sense was discussed.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuting Yang, Kuen Yao Lau, Jingying Zheng, Junhao Dong, Lin Wang, Xiaojie Yin, Zhaojing Tong, Hangkai Qiu, Jian Xu, Weiqiang Xiao, Beibei Xu, Jianrong Qiu, Hideo Hosono, Xiaofeng Liu
Summary: This study explores the nonlinear optical (NLO) response mediated by polarons supported by a model ionic metal oxide, TiO2. The formation of polaronic states within the bandgap significantly enhances the NLO absorption coefficient in the sub-bandgap regions, characterized by an ultrafast response. Based on this phenomenon, applications such as all-optical switches for ultrafast pulse generation and modulation of optical signals have been developed.
Article
Optics
Nicolas Couture, Jakob Schlosser, Akif Ahmed, Mamoun Wahbeh, Garland Best, Angela Gamouras, Jean-Michel Menard
Summary: Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a powerful technique for characterizing a wide range of materials. However, the standard configuration is complex and expensive, limiting its availability. This article presents a compact and cost-effective THz-TDS system that utilizes affordable ultrafast lasers.
Article
Optics
Sonia Boscolo, John M. Dudley, Christophe Finot
Summary: We utilize a supervised machine-learning model based on a neural network to predict the temporal and spectral reshaping of a simple sinusoidal modulation into a pulse train with a comb structure in the frequency domain, resulting from nonlinear propagation in an optical fiber. We study both normal and anomalous second-order dispersion regimes of the fiber, and leverage the speed of the neural network to explore the input parameter space for generating customized combs or significant temporal and spectral focusing.
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jun Jiang, David Grass, Yue Zhou, Warren S. Warren, Martin C. Fischer
Summary: Pump-probe microscopy is an emerging nonlinear imaging technique that uses high repetition rate lasers and fast intensity modulation. New methods for pump-probe microscopy have been developed that keep the beam intensity constant by modulating either the inter-pulse time delay or the relative polarization, improving image quality for samples with poor heat dissipation or long-lived radiative states. These techniques can selectively address nonlinear interactions in samples and offer advantages over conventional intensity modulation.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cristina Tassorelli, Hans-Christoph Diener, Stephen D. Silberstein, David W. Dodick, Peter J. Goadsby, Rigmor H. Jensen, Delphine Magis, Patricia Pozo-Rosich, Hsiangkuo Yuan, Daniele Martinelli, Thomas van den Hoek, Marie Deen, Messoud Ashina, Gisela M. Terwindt
Summary: The International Headache Society's Clinical Trials Committee has provided recommendations for optimizing the design and conduct of controlled trials of neuromodulation devices for the acute and/or preventive treatment of migraine. This includes defining key terms, providing recommendations for assessment in different age groups, outlining ethical and administrative responsibilities, and creating a bibliography of previous research in this area. Adopting these recommendations will improve the quality of evidence regarding the use of neuromodulation devices in migraine treatment.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Garrett C. McKeown Wessler, Tianlin Wang, Jon-Paul Sun, Yuheng Liao, Martin C. Fischer, Volker Blum, David B. Mitzi
Summary: Materials with quaternary chalcogenides have shown diversity and promise, with particular interest in the I-2-II-IV-X-4 family. Compounds containing both Ag and Sr have not been experimentally studied, but this research has synthesized and studied Ag2SrSiS4 and Ag2SrGeS4, with additional impurity phases identified. These materials exhibit indirect band gaps, with second-harmonic generation capabilities in the near-infrared range.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Hsiangkuo Yuan, Tzu-Ying Chuang
Summary: Neuromodulation devices have become an attractive alternative to traditional pharmacotherapy for migraine, especially for patients intolerant to medication or who prefer non-pharmacological options. Studies on the efficacy of these devices in chronic migraine are limited, but show promising results, although more well-designed research is needed for FDA clearance and insurance coverage.
CURRENT PAIN AND HEADACHE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hsiangkuo Yuan, John G. Curran, Scott W. Keith, Mary M. Hopkins, Stephen D. Silberstein
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of IV ibuprofen for acute migraine treatment. While the primary endpoint was not met, there was significant pain relief within 2 hours post-treatment with IV ibuprofen compared to placebo. Adverse events were minimal, suggesting that IV ibuprofen may be a safe and effective option for acute migraine treatment. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed for confirmation.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Monica P. Mallampalli, Habib G. Rizk, Amir Kheradmand, Shin C. Beh, Mehdi Abouzari, Alaina M. Bassett, James Buskirk, Claire E. J. Ceriani, Matthew G. Crowson, Hamid Djalilian, Joel A. Goebel, Jeffery J. Kuhn, Anne E. Luebke, Marco Mandala, Magdalena Nowaczewska, Nicole Spare, Roberto Teggi, Maurizio Versino, Hsiangkuo Yuan, Ashley Zaleski-King, Michael Teixido, Frederick Godley
Summary: Vestibular migraine is increasingly recognized as a pathological cause of vestibular disorders, yet it remains underdiagnosed. The pathophysiology of this disorder is still unclear. A multidisciplinary expert workshop identified seven current care gaps that need to be resolved, including a better understanding of symptoms and phenotypes, a lack of diagnostic markers, a better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as the need for clear recommendations and outcome measures. Recommendations were made to address these gaps, such as establishing a global registry and conducting trials to validate current treatments.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Fred Cohen, Hsiangkuo Yuan, Stephen D. Silberstein
Summary: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine, and there are two classes of therapeutic agents targeting CGRP: CGRP-targeted monoclonal antibodies and small-molecule antagonists. Multiple clinical studies have shown the efficacy and tolerability of these treatments.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yi-Hsien Tu, Yen-Feng Wang, Hsiangkuo Yuan, Shih-Pin Chen, Yi-Shiang Tzeng, Wei-Ta Chen, Kuan-Lin Lai, Yu-Hsiang Ling, Shuu-Jiun Wang
Summary: This study investigated the distribution, clinical associations, and treatment responses for the most bothersome symptoms of migraine in a large sample of patients in Taiwan. Nausea was found to be the most common most bothersome symptom, followed by phonophobia and photophobia. The response rates to previous acute treatments for different most bothersome symptoms were similar.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Fred Cohen, Hsiangkuo Yuan, E. M. G. DePoy, Stephen D. Silberstein
Summary: Remarkable advancements have been made in the field of migraine research and treatment, particularly with the discovery of CGRP functional blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as an effective preventive therapy for both chronic and episodic migraine. These mAbs offer advantages such as high affinity and selectivity, long-circulating plasma half-lives, and limited risk for side effects and drug-drug interactions. However, long-term safety and use during pregnancy should be further studied.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Fred Cohen, Hsiangkuo Yuan
Summary: Advances in molecular biology and neuroscience have led to the discovery of CGRP and its role in migraine. Gepants, including atogepant, are oral medications that inhibit CGRP receptors to prevent migraine attacks and neurogenic inflammation.
THERAPEUTICS AND CLINICAL RISK MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Optics
David Grass, Georgia M. Beasley, Martin C. Fischer, M. Angelica Selim, Yue Zhou, Warren S. Warren
Summary: Pump-probe microscopy is proposed to improve the diagnosis of malignant melanoma by analyzing the signals of melanin. The study decomposes the signals and identifies the molecular mechanisms most susceptible to melanin disaggregation, creating false-colored images to highlight these processes in biological tissue. The results demonstrate a correlation between false-colored images of melanoma tumors and clinical concern, and the approach can be applied to other samples.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Rupert D. Smit, Nikolaos Mouchtouris, KiChang Kang, Maikerly Reyes, Anish Sathe, Sarah Collopy, Giyarpuram Prashant, Hsiangkuo Yuan, James J. Evans
Summary: This literature review examines the evidence for interventional therapies in medically intractable SUNCT/SUNA, including occipital nerve stimulation, pulsed radiofrequency, stereotactic radiosurgery, and microvascular decompression. The review finds promising outcomes with these treatments, but emphasizes the need for further research.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Hsiangkuo Yuan, Aniket Natekar, Jade Park, Clinton G. Lauritsen, Eugene R. Viscusi, Michael J. Marmura
Summary: This retrospective study assessed the prevalence, harms, and effectiveness of prescription drug misuse and "lean" (cough syrup) in patients with treatment-resistant headaches. The results showed that both prescription drug misuse and "lean" were common among patients with treatment-resistant headaches, but they were not effective in treating headaches.
REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Hsiangkuo Yuan, Samantha Strutner, Clara Yuh, Suwarna Anand, Gaurav Chauhan, Anand Prem, Shalini Shah, Nathaniel M. Schuster
Summary: With headache being a common complaint, accurately diagnosing and treating specific headache disorders requires understanding and differentiating various headache characteristics. This article discusses several myths about common headache disorders and provides a discussion based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders and the latest studies. Understanding the intricacies of headache diagnoses helps providers provide better care for patients.
REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
J. Curran, J. Waters, H. Yuan
