Article
Optics
Liangliang Han, Yinkang Dai, Yang Qiu
Summary: Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) has gained attention for its advantages in latency, bandwidth, and security. This paper proposes a novel compensation technology using wavefront sensorless adaptive optics (WSAO) and improved genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize the distorted wavefront at the receiver. The simulation results demonstrate that this technology effectively improves the intensity distribution and Strehl Ratio (SR) in UOWC.
Article
Optics
Sergio Barbero
Summary: This article presents a new mathematical method to uniquely construct multi-focal wavefronts from mean curvature functions under certain numerically justified approximations and restrictions. The method leads to a particular family of wavefronts and provides examples of multifocal wavefronts belonging to this family.
Article
Ophthalmology
Jennifer Swingle Fogt
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new ultrahigh Dk silicone elastomer contact lens with embedded components. The lens showed good fitting characteristics, vision, and performance, allowing for clear vision at distance and viewing of a near eye display. Overall, the lens performed well and provided a stable viewing experience.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yu Zhang, Xiaoxiao Sun, Yueguo Chen
Summary: This study compared the visual outcomes and corneal optical quality after SMILE, WFO FS-LASIK, and TCAT FS-LASIK, finding similar visual results among the three techniques but the TCAT group had the best corneal optical quality.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Abhishek Verma, Dipti R. Sahoo
Summary: Previous studies have shown that the aspect ratio of steel plate shear walls significantly affects their seismic response. This study suggests limiting values for the aspect ratio of SPSW systems and explores the collapse performance of staggered-SPSW. The development of nonlinear models and validation with past experimental results lead to conservative recommendations for aspect ratios in SPSW systems.
STEEL AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dusan Gostimirovic, Richard Soref
Summary: In this work, we present a compact toolkit of inverse-designed, topologically optimized silicon photonic devices that can be arranged in a plug-and-play fashion to realize various photonic integrated circuits. The included devices, such as splitters, crossovers, and resonators, enable the circuits to achieve low insertion loss and low crosstalk. The use of inverse-design approach allows for more flexible design of individual devices, enhancing the overall circuit architecture and enabling low-complexity circuit design.
Article
Business, Finance
Phuong L. Nguyen, Neal Galpin, Garry Twite
Summary: The study shows that the emergence of blockholders can correct deviations from target CEO relative debt-to-equity incentive ratios, leading to a reduction in deviations. The appointment of a director by blockholders can further reduce deviations from the target.
JOURNAL OF CORPORATE FINANCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiawei Song, Nan Zeng, Hui Ma, Valery V. Tuchin
Summary: This study proposes a non-invasive polarization optical method to evaluate the microstructural changes in tissues during agent diffusion. The method is validated through experiments using skeletal muscle samples and Monte Carlo simulations. It provides a quantitative characterization of tissue changes and offers insights into the optical clearing stages in tissues.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ryan J. Gelly, Alexander D. White, Giovanni Scuri, Xing Liao, Geun Ho Ahn, Bingchen Deng, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Jelena Vuckovic, Hongkun Park
Summary: Efficient nanophotonic devices are crucial in applications such as quantum networking, optical information processing, sensing, and nonlinear optics. However, integrating two-dimensional materials into photonic structures is often limited by size and material quality. This study uses hexagonal boron nitride as a waveguiding layer to improve the optical quality of embedded films. By combining it with photonic inverse design, it provides a complete platform for interfacing with optically active 2D materials and enables various functionalities. This work opens up possibilities for advanced 2D-material nanophotonic structures in classical and quantum nonlinear optics.
Article
Optics
Nguyen Nu Hoang Anh, Hyug-Gyo Rhee, Young-Sik Ghim
Summary: In this study, a direct laser lithographic system combined with an auto-focus system and high accuracy rotational system was built to fabricate diffraction pattern arrays on a cylindrical lens, enabling the manufacture of hybrid optical elements with wider field of view. Furthermore, novel designs of linear zone plates and elliptical zone plates on a cylindrical lens were proposed, which demonstrated superior performance in both diffraction efficiency and resolution compared to traditional diffractive optical elements.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yisha Chen, Betty Lemaire-Semail, Frederic Giraud, Vincent Hayward
Summary: This paper introduces an electromechanical handheld probe for skin biomechanics characterization. The probe consists of two piezoelectric bending actuators for controlling tip displacement, and it achieves simultaneous force and displacement sensing with resistive strain gauge sensors. Hysteresis model is introduced to improve force sensing, and a novel compensation strategy is proposed for simplified compensation process and improved accuracy.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Peter C. Petersen, Joshua H. Siegle, Nicholas A. Steinmetz, Sara Mahallati, Gyorgy Buzsaki
Summary: CellExplorer is an open-source MATLAB-based framework designed for processing, visualizing, and standardizing features of neurons, such as physiological metrics, neuron type classification, and synaptic connections. Its powerful graphical interface allows users to explore computed features quickly and relate their data to a growing public collection of neurons.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeonghyeon Kim, Olivier J. F. Martin
Summary: Understanding surfactant behavior at interfaces is crucial for many applications. This study uses optical tweezers and trajectory analysis to investigate the behavior of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) at water-glass interfaces. The results show that counterions have a significant effect on surfactant behavior, with bromide ions enhancing the mobility of micelles at the interface. This research provides valuable insights into surfactant behavior and highlights the potential of optical tweezers for surfactant research.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yiwei Niu, Xueyi Teng, Honghong Zhou, Yirong Shi, Yanyan Li, Yiheng Tang, Peng Zhang, Huaxia Luo, Quan Kang, Tao Xu, Shunmin He
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive map of non-reference MEIs constructed from 5675 genomes, including Chinese samples and samples from the 1000 Genomes Project. LINE-1 insertions were found to be highly enriched in centromere regions, and MEIs were estimated to account for approximately 9.3% of all protein-truncating events per genome. A companion database named HMEID was also established for public use.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sourangsu Banerji, Yu Shi, Vivian Song-En Su, Udayan Ghosh, Jacqueline Cooke, Yong Lin Kong, Lei Liu, Berardi Sensale-Rodriguez
Summary: This study demonstrates a 3-D printable, low-cost terahertz spectral splitter that disperses incident broadband THz radiation at a specified distance. The results show that through inverse design, diffractive optics can be designed to split broadband incident spectrum in any desired fashion.
IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Eduard Masana, Josep Manel Carrasco, Salvador Bara, Salvador J. Ribas
Summary: This work presents the GAMBONS model for mapping the natural night sky brightness, utilizing extra-atmospheric star radiance from the Gaia catalogue. By considering contributions from various sources of light and atmospheric effects, the radiance detected by ground-based observers can be estimated. The methodology can be applied to different photometric bands, providing expected sky brightness for different scenarios.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nicolas Cardiel, Jaime Zamorano, Salvador Bara, Alejandro Sanchez de Miguel, Cristina Cabello, Jesus Gallego, Lucia Garcia, Rafael Gonzalez, Jaime Izquierdo, Sergio Pascual, Jose Robles, Ainhoa Sanchez, Carlos Tapia
Summary: By fitting the spectrum of 1346 bright stars using historical 13-colour medium-narrow-band photometric data, the research team has established a catalogue of reference RGB magnitudes and a new standard RGB photometric system. Despite the limitations of individual RGB measurements from single cameras, the repeatability and multiplicity of observations allow access to a large amount of exploitable data in various astronomical fields.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Irena Fryc, Salvador Bara, Martin Aube, John C. Barentine, Jaime Zamorano
Summary: Most naked-eye astronomical observations are now performed under mesopic conditions due to typical ambient light levels in inhabited places and light pollution. The conversion equations between astronomical and visual photometric systems for specifying and reporting sky brightness in the mesopic range have been deduced. The dependence of the conversion factors on the correlated color temperature of the night sky is minimized for adaptation luminances of 0.5-1.0 cd/m(2).
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Miroslav Kocifaj, Salvador Bara
Summary: This study develops a satellite remote sensing method for nighttime aerosols in the lower atmosphere, quantitatively analyzing scattered light and extracting information about aerosol properties to estimate the aerosol particle size number distribution function. The results highlight the importance of enhancing angular detection capabilities for future night Earth observation missions.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Salvador Bara, Xabier Perez-Couto, Fabio Falchi, Miroslav Kocifaj, Eduard Masana
Summary: Estimating the horizontal irradiance from measurements of the zenith night-sky radiance is important for various studies in observatory site assessment and environmental sciences. This study generalizes the concept of the Posch ratio and provides analytical expressions and numerical evaluations for its three basic nighttime components.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Kocifaj, S. Bara, E. Falchi
Summary: This letter presents a model for calculating the all-sky brightness generated by artificial light sources. The model takes into account the atmospheric conditions, observer distance, and angular and spectral characteristics of the light source to calculate the anthropogenic all-sky radiance at any location on Earth.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Christopher C. M. Kyba, Martin Aube, Salvador Bara, Andrea Bertolo, Constantinos A. Bouroussis, Stefano Cavazzani, Brian R. Espey, Fabio Falchi, Geza Gyuk, Andreas Jechow, Miroslav Kocifaj, Zoltan Kollath, Hector Lamphar, Noam Levin, Shengjie Liu, Steven D. Miller, Sergio Ortolani, Chun Shing Jason Pun, Salvador Jose Ribas, Thomas Ruhtz, Alejandro Sanchez de Miguel, Mathias Schneider, Ranjay Man Shrestha, Alexandre Simoneau, Chu Wing So, Tobias Storch, Kai Pong Tong, Milagros Tunon, Diane Turnshek, Ken Walczak, Jun Wang, Zhuosen Wang, Jianglong Zhang
Summary: The spatial and angular emission patterns of artificial and natural light emitted, scattered, and reflected from the Earth at night are more complex than those for scattered and reflected solar radiation during the day. This paper emphasizes the importance of the angular distribution of emitted light for remote sensing measurements and suggests the use of images at different angles to obtain information about Earth's atmosphere and night sky brightness.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Optics
Salvador Bara, Carmen Bao-Varela, Raul C. Lima
Summary: In this study, a simple model is proposed to assess significant outdoor lighting changes at the municipality level using low Earth orbit radiometers and ground-truth data. The case study in Ribeira, Galicia, Spain, shows that a reduction in the installed lumen of the public outdoor lighting system led to a significant decrease in the lumen emission density across the territory.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Salvador Bara, Carmen Bao-Varela, Fabio Falchi
Summary: This article discusses light pollution and proposes a way to describe its levels using particle volume concentrations. By providing conversion equations between photon volume concentration and traditional light photometry quantities, it offers insights into the identification of artificial light at night as a standard pollutant. It also provides an alternative method for expressing artificial light exposures for environmental and public health research.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
Salvador Bara, Carmen Bao-Varela, Miroslav Kocifaj
Summary: Contrary to intuition, the brightness of the night sky is not solely derived from high-altitude sources, but also from scattered radiance contributed by atmospheric volumes along the line of sight. Nearby artificial light sources play a significant role in the perceived sky radiance. This paper presents a quantitative analytical model for sky radiance near outdoor light sources, providing insights for urban dark sky design.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Fabio Falchi, Felipe Ramos, Salvador Bara, Pedro Sanhueza, Marcelo Jaque Arancibia, Guillermo Damke, Pierantonio Cinzano
Summary: Light pollution is a significant factor that affects the productivity and lifespan of astronomical observatories. By analyzing satellite radiance data using the Garstang-Cinzano model, we compared 28 observatory sites with large telescopes and calculated five indicators of light pollution. The results revealed a wide variation in the values of these indicators, indicating that the majority of large observatories have exceeded the critical increase in radiance. The findings and methods presented can guide efforts to reduce the impact of light pollution on observatories and protect the nighttime environment.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabio Falchi, Salvador Bara
Article
Environmental Sciences
Miroslav Kocifaj, Frantisek Kundracik, Salvador Bara, John Barentine
Summary: In this work, a method for determining the nighttime aerosol extinction coefficient profile in the lower atmosphere is presented. The method uses a low-power green laser as a light source and a digital camera as a detector to retrieve the aerosol distribution by inverting the integral equation. This approach can be used in permanent measurement facilities or mobile stations, making it easier to characterize nighttime aerosols.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Optics
Xabier Perez-Couto, Fabio Falchi, Salvador Bara
Summary: The horizontal irradiance at the sea surface is a useful indicator for studying the effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on marine biodiversity, such as zooplankton diel vertical migration. The Posch ratio (PR) for the horizontal irradiance is a helpful tool for estimating the irradiance based on measurements of the zenith night sky brightness. This ratio can be applied to different scenarios and can provide valuable information about light pollution in coastal waters and the high seas.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Miroslav Kocifaj, Salvador Bara
Summary: This study demonstrates that the anthropogenic night-sky brightness due to city lights can be used to estimate the aerosol optical depth of the atmosphere, providing a new possibility for night-time monitoring.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
