Article
Optics
Philippe Jean, Alexandre Douaud, Sophie LaRochelle, Younes Messaddeq, Wei Shi
Summary: Silicon subwavelength grating waveguides can be combined with high-index chalcogenide glass as a top cladding to modify waveguiding behavior, showcasing potential for modal confinement engineering and controlling light-matter interaction. The use of As20S80 with a negative thermo-optic coefficient allows for near-athermal behavior in these waveguides, with applications in reconfigurable photonics, nonlinear optics, metamaterials, or slow light.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yanran Xie, Henry C. Frankis, Jonathan D. B. Bradley, Andrew P. Knights
Summary: A resonance trimming technique for waveguides with SiO2 cladding was reported. Resonance shifts were achieved using furnace annealing and integrated micro-heaters. The study showed the ability to align three single-channel ring filters on the same substrate with high precision.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
I. Teng Cheong, William Morrish, William Sheard, Haoyang Yu, Bruno Tavares Luppi, Leanne Milburn, Alkiviathes Meldrum, Jonathan G. C. Veinot
Summary: By incorporating a thin layer of SiQD-polymer hybrid/blend between two reflective silver mirrors in a straightforward configuration of Fabry-Perot resonators, the emission of silicon quantum dots can be significantly narrowed, achieving a spectral bandwidth as narrow as ca. 9 nm. These polymer-based devices offer convenient spectral tunability and can be prepared using a variety of polymer hosts and substrates, enabling rigid as well as flexible devices.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Optics
Cameron M. Naraine, Jocelyn N. Westwood-Bachman, Cameron Horvath, Mirwais Aktary, Andrew P. Knights, Jens H. Schmid, Pavel Cheben, Jonathan D. B. Bradley
Summary: Subwavelength grating (SWG) metamaterial waveguides and ring resonators on a silicon nitride platform are proposed and demonstrated. The SWG waveguide achieves a large overlap (53%) of the Bloch mode with the top cladding material, showing great potential for evanescent field sensing and light amplification. Fabricated using a commercial rapid turn-around silicon nitride prototyping foundry process, the devices have critical dimensions greater than 100 nm. Experimental characterization reveals excellent internal quality factor (2.11 x 10(5)) and low propagation loss (approximately 1.5 dB cm(-1)) in the C-band, surpassing silicon-based SWG ring resonators. These results demonstrate the promising prospects of SWG metamaterial structures for silicon nitride based photonic integrated circuits.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Zhaoyang Chen, Wenxu Han, Tingting Lang, Xiaowei Guan
Summary: This paper proposes a novel type of waveguides called slot hybrid-core waveguides (HCWs) for temperature-independent integrated optical sensors. The HCWs are composed of different core materials with opposite thermo-optic coefficients (TOCs), which makes them immune to temperature variations. Based on this, slot HCWs are proposed for microring resonator-based optical sensors, enabling the sensors to have high sensitivities and temperature independence simultaneously.
Article
Optics
Andrew M. Netherton, Yun Gao, Noah Pestana, Jock Bovington, John E. Bowers
Summary: This study demonstrates a method of athermalizing unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers on a 300 mm silicon photonics foundry platform by utilizing Si and SiN layers to produce the path imbalance. The technique can be applied to other forms of finite impulse response filters, such as arrayed waveguide gratings. The wafer scale performance of fabricated devices is analyzed for their expected performance in the target application: odd-even channel (de)-interleavers for dense wavelength division multiplexing links. Finally, a method is proposed to improve device performance to be more robust to fabrication variations while simultaneously maintaining athermality.
Article
Optics
Andrea Trita, Abu Thomas, Andrew Rickman
Summary: This article reports on wavelength filters with reduced thermal sensitivity, which are based on a combination of crystalline silicon and hydrogenated amorphous silicon waveguides integrated on the same silicon on an insulator wafer. Mach Zehnder Interferometers and Arrayed Waveguide Gratings were designed and fabricated to demonstrate the concept, showing thermal drift of less than 1 [pm/degrees K] in MZIs and less than 10 [pm/degrees K] in AWGs at C band.
Article
Optics
Liangjun Lu, Hongyi Zhang, Xin Li, Jianping Chen, Linjie Zhou
Summary: In this paper, a dual-layer Si3N4 waveguide interferometer is designed to reduce the temperature sensitivity of on-chip Fourier-transform spectrometers (FTSs). Experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity is reduced to 10 pm/degrees C, which is almost half that of single-layer Si3N4 MZI-based FTSs. This technology holds promise for improving the practical applications of on-chip FTSs.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Philippe Jean, Alexandre Douaud, Tristan Thibault, Sophie LaRochelle, Younes Messaddeq, Wei Shi
Summary: The study demonstrates the use of As20S80 chalcogenide glass thin-films to compensate for silicon thermal effects in microring resonators while maintaining excellent loss performance. Experimental results show nearly athermal operation at telecommunication wavelengths and a negative thermal dependence can be obtained for the TE polarization.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Daniel Pereira-Martin, Jose Manuel Luque-Gonzalez, J. Gonzalo Wanguemert-Perez, Abdelfettah Hadij-ElHouati, Inigo Molina-Fernandez, Pavel Cheben, Jens H. Schmid, Shurui Wang, Winnie N. Ye, Jiri Ctyroky, Alejandro Ortega-Monux
Summary: The paper proposes a novel design approach for complex Bragg filters in silicon waveguides with laterally coupled Bragg loading segments, allowing for arbitrary spectral response. The design features a delocalized mode field to reduce sensitivity to fabrication errors and utilizes layer-peeling and layer-adding algorithms for efficient synthesis of target spectra. The concept and methodology are validated through the design and experimental demonstration of a complex spectral filter in an SOI platform.
Article
Optics
Pei-Hsun Wang, Tien-Hsiang Lee, Wei-Hao Huang
Summary: A tapered bus-waveguide is used to enhance waveguide-to-cavity coupling through mass-productive, cost-effective i-line UV lithography. The enlarged overlap between the evanescent wave and waveguide resonator results in a coupling strength of silicon nitride waveguides that is 7 times stronger than conventional coupling. Strong over-coupling is achieved at a 400 nm gap and with a quality factor of approximately 105, without elongating the coupling length.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jianbin Ma, Ruiting Wang, Guangzhen Luo, Pengfei Ma, Pengfei Wang, Yejin Zhang, Jiaoqing Pan
Summary: This study proposes an aluminum nitride hybrid waveguide to address the challenges caused by the high temperature sensitivity of microresonator-based devices. The waveguide is temperature-insensitive and exhibits superior thermo-optic performance.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alexander A. Ershov, Andrey I. Eremeev, Andrey A. Nikitin, Alexey B. Ustinov
Summary: In this study, a method for determining the optical waveguide properties of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) integrated circuits was developed. By establishing explicit relations between the transfer functions of a microring resonator and the waveguide properties, the inner optical parameters could be extracted. An increase in accuracy was achieved by measuring the transfer functions of additional elements such as a straight waveguide and a directional coupler. The method allowed for the accurate determination of the coupling coefficient, damping decrement, Bragg grating coupler efficiency, and waveguide dispersion. The obtained waveguide properties were used to model the transmission of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a control element, and the results showed good agreement with experimental characteristics. This method opens up the possibility of locally characterizing large-scale SOI integrated circuits using the aforementioned structures as reference elements.
MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhen Yang, Zhiyuan Wang, Rizhen Zhang, Peipeng Xu, Wei Zhang, Zhe Kang, Rongping Wang
Summary: We proposed and demonstrated an athermal microring resonator in high index-contrast chalcogenide glass film GeSbSe with SU-8 cladding. The experimental results show that it has a minimum thermally induced resonance shift and low-temperature sensitivity, and the power-dependent transmission spectra indicate that polymer SU-8 can improve thermal stability of the device at high input power.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Optics
Alejandro Sanchez-Postigo, Alejandro Ortega-Monux, Jordi Soler Penades, Ahmed Osman, Milos Nedeljkovic, Zhibo Qu, Yangbo Wu, Inigo Molina-Fernandez, Pavel Cheben, Goran Z. Mashanovich, J. Gonzalo Wanguemert-Perez
Summary: A suspended germanium waveguide design with a subwavelength metamaterial cladding has been proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional platforms in terms of intrinsic losses and complex fabrication processes. These waveguides can be fabricated in a simple dry and wet etch step, with a measured propagation loss of 5.3 dB/cm at a wavelength of 7.7 μm, opening the door for the development of integrated devices covering the mid-infrared band up to approximately 15 μm.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wim Bogaerts, Sarvagya Dwivedi, Roelof Jansen, Xavier Rottenberg, Marcus S. Dahlem
Summary: The chip-based optical beam scanner utilizes a dispersive optical phased array to illuminate the far field with a pixelated pattern. By breaking up the OPA into manageable blocks with dispersive delay lines, it enables the scaling up of antennas. The power distribution of individual OPA antennas can control the sidelobes and the power in the main lobe in the far-field illumination.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Xin Guo, Yang Liu, Tangman Yin, Blair Morrison, Mattia Pagani, Okky Daulay, Wim Bogaerts, Benjamin J. Eggleton, Alvaro Casas-Bedoya, David Marpaung
Summary: Optical modulation plays a crucial role in microwave photonic systems, but the versatility to generate and transform analog optical modulation is currently lacking. Researchers have demonstrated a versatile radiofrequency photonic spectral shaper integrated in a silicon photonic circuit, which enhances the diversity of microwave photonic modulation. Using the spectral shaper, researchers showed electrically tailorable modulation transformations and a series of unprecedented RF filtering experiments through monolithic integration with reconfigurable ring resonators.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Domenico Spina, Yinghao Ye, Dirk Deschrijver, Wim Bogaerts, Tom Dhaene
Summary: CVF is a robust method for modeling linear and passive baseband systems efficiently and accurately, crucial for the analysis and design of modern communication systems. An efficient toolbox implementation of the CVF algorithm is introduced in this letter, illustrated on a suitable application example.
ELECTRONICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Homa Zarebidaki, Morteza Fathipour, Mahmoud Shahabadi, Wim Bogaerts
Summary: By adding two disks to a standard silicon micro-ring resonator, a high-Q asymmetric resonance with high slope rates can be achieved, offering different spectral features. The design introduces discontinuity in the transmission spectrum and provides a new degree of freedom in the design step.
Article
Optics
Pierre Edinger, Alain Yuji Takabayashi, Carlos Errando-Herranz, Umar Khan, Hamed Sattari, Peter Verheyen, Wim Bogaerts, Niels Quack, Kristinn B. Gylfason
Summary: Programmable photonic integrated circuits are gaining attention for various applications, but scalability is limited by the lack of low-power and low-loss phase shifters. The demonstration of a compact phase shifter with low-power photonic MEMS actuation on a silicon photonics foundry platform addresses this challenge and paves the way for scalable programmable photonic integrated circuits.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mi Wang, Xiangfeng Chen, Umar Khan, Wim Bogaerts
Summary: In this paper, a novel filter circuit that combines a double ring resonator with a balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed. The circuit offers increased configurability compared to conventional ring loaded MZI filters. The filter can be programmed using a combination of local and global optimization strategies, and has been tested in simulations and experiments.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Gaehun Jo, Pierre Edinger, Simon J. Bleiker, Xiaojing Wang, Alain Yuji Takabayashi, Hamed Sattari, Niels Quack, Moises Jezzini, Jun Su Lee, Peter Verheyen, Iman Zand, Umar Khan, Wim Bogaerts, Goran Stemme, Kristinn B. Gylfason, Frank Niklaus
Summary: The emerging fields of silicon photonic MEMS and optomechanics offer new possibilities for developing high-performance photonic devices with ultra-low power consumption. In this study, we demonstrate the wafer-level vacuum sealing of Si photonic MEMS inside cavities with ultra-thin caps featuring optical and electrical feedthroughs. The sealed cavities provide protection for the MEMS devices and enable optical and electrical connections between the inside and outside.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lukas Van Iseghem, Ewout Picavet, Alain Yuji Takabayashi, Pierre Edinger, Umar Khan, Peter Verheyen, Niels Quack, Kristinn B. Gylfason, Klaartje De Buysser, Jeroen Beeckman, Wim Bogaerts
Summary: Low-power and compact phase shifters are crucial for large photonic circuits. This work demonstrates a novel structure using liquid crystal for phase shifting, where the liquid crystal is locally deposited on the waveguide to achieve strong electric field control.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Optics
Umar Khan, Iman Zand, Pierre Edinger, Gaehun Jo, Simon J. Bleiker, Alain Yuji Takabayashi, Cleitus Antony, Moises Jezzini, Giuseppe Talli, Hamed Sattari, Jun Su Lee, Arun Kumar Mallik, Peter Verheyen, Saurav Kumar, Cristina Lerma Arce, Marco Garcia, Tigers Jonuzi, Jan Watte, Niels Quack, Frank Niklaus, Kristinn B. Gylfason, Wim Bogaerts
Summary: We present our work in the European project MORPHIC to extend an established silicon photonics platform with low-power and non-volatile micro-electromechanical (MEMS) actuators to demonstrate large-scale programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
INTEGRATED PHOTONICS PLATFORMS II
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Wim Bogaerts, Alain Yuji Takabayashi, Pierre Edinger, Gaehun Jo, Iman Zand, Peter Verheyen, Moises Jezzini, Hamed Sattari, Giuseppe Talli, Cleitus Antony, Mehrdad Saei, Cristina Lerma Arce, Jun Su Lee, Arun Kumar Mallik, Saurav Kumar, Marco Garcia, Tigers Jonuzi, Kristinn B. Gylfason, Niels Quack, Frank Niklaus, Umar Khan
Summary: This paper presents a method to extend silicon photonics with MEMS actuators for low-power, large scale programmable photonic circuits. By adding free-standing movable waveguides to the existing silicon photonics platform, phase shifters and tunable couplers can be implemented using electrostatically actuated MEMS. The MEMS devices are protected using wafer-level sealing and interfaced with custom multi-channel driver and readout electronics.
SMART PHOTONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 2022
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jing Zhang, Emadreza Soltanian, Bahawal Haq, Stefan Ertl, Johanna Rimbock, Bozena Matuskova, Emanuele Pelucchi, Agnieszka Gocalinska, Joris Van Campenhout, Guy Lepage, Peter Verheyen, Wim Bogaerts, Gunther Roelkens
Summary: We present a C-band optical transmitter with an integrated widely-tunable III-V-on-silicon laser, fabricated using micro-transfer printing on the imec iSiPP50G platform. The back-to-back operation at 40 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero On-Off keying over the C-band is demonstrated.
2022 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pierre Edinger, Alain Yuji Takabayashi, Carlos Errando-Herranz, Umar Khan, Cleitus Antony, Giuseppe Talli, Peter Verheyen, Wim Bogaerts, Niels Quack, Kristinn B. Gylfason
Summary: The research team has demonstrated a nonvolatile photonic MEMS pi-phase switch, which has low loss, low dispersion, and can be cycled through over 100 times with retention times over 12 hours. This technology opens up new possibilities for the development of programmable photonic chips.
2022 IEEE 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (MEMS)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alain Y. Takabayashi, Duarte Silva, Hamed Sattari, Pierre Edinger, Peter Verheyen, Kristinn B. Gylfason, Wim Bogaerts, Niels Quack
Summary: Programmable photonics offers a wide range of optical functions and reduces the time and costs of photonic integrated circuit development. The primary challenge lies in the difficulty of increasing component density due to excessive power consumption. In this study, we propose a MEMS-based Silicon Photonic power coupler that provides high optical performance within a compact footprint, enabling power-efficient active function of fast and continuous power tuning.
2022 IEEE 35TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (MEMS)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gaehun Joa, Pierre Edinger, Simon J. Bleiker, Xiaojing Wang, Alain Yuji Takabayashi, Hamed Sattari, Niels Quack, Moises Jezzini, Peter Verheyen, Goran Stemme, Wim Bogaerts, Kristinn B. Gylfason, Frank Niklaus
Summary: A wafer-level vacuum packaging approach was demonstrated to hermetically seal Si photonic MEMS wafers, showing the possibility of a novel vacuum sealing method for MEMS integrated in standard Si photonics platforms. The functionality of photonic MEMS after the hermetic/vacuum packaging was confirmed.
SILICON PHOTONICS XVI
(2021)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hamed Sattari, Alain Y. Takabayashi, Pierre Edinger, Peter Verheyen, Kristinn B. Gylfason, Wim Bogaerts, Niels Quack
Summary: The vertically movable silicon photonic MEMS switch has six optical ports and enables four switching configurations with low actuation voltage and good port extinction performance. With low insertion loss and a wide 3 dB bandwidth, it opens up new possibilities for low-power scalable circuits in MEMS-enabled silicon photonics.
2021 34TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (MEMS 2021)
(2021)
