Human Corneal Epithelial Cells Produce Antimicrobial Peptides LL-37 and beta-Defensins in Response to Heat-Killed Candida albicans

Aims: To explore the innate response of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to fungus by producing antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and beta-defensins. Methods: Primary HCECs were treated with heat-killed Candida albicans (HKCA) at different doses (10(3)-10(6) cells/ml) for 2-48 h.The cells were subjected to total RNA extraction, reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR for mRNA expression. Cells treated for 48 h were used for immunofluorescent staining and ELISA. Results: Human LL-37 and beta-defensins (hBDs) 1-4 were detected in normal HCECs. The mRNA expression of LL-37, hBD2, and hBD3 was dose-dependently induced by HKCA with their peak levels at 4 h. HKCA (106 cells/ml) stimulated the mRNA of LL-37, hBD2, and hBD3 4.33 +/- 1.81, 3.75 +/- 1.31, and 4.91 +/- 1.09 fold, respectively, in HCECs. The stimulated production of LL-37, hBD2, and hBD3 by HKCA was confirmed at protein levels by immunofluorescent staining and ELISA. The protein production of LL-37, hBD2, and hBD3 significantly increased to 109.1 +/- 18.2 pg/ml, 4.33 +/- 1.67 ng/ml, and 296.9 +/- 81.8 pg/ml, respectively, in culture medium of HCECs exposed to HKCA (10(6) cells/rill) compared to untreated HCECs. Conclusions: HCECs produce antimicrobial peptides, LL-37, hBD2 and hBD3, in response to stimulation of HKCA, which suggests a novel innate immune mechanism of the ocular surface in defense against fungal invasion. (c) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel