Article
Ophthalmology
Ian Flitcroft, John Ainsworth, Audrey Chia, Susan Cotter, Elise Harb, Zi-Bing Jin, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Anthony T. Moore, Ken K. Nischal, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Evelyn A. Paysse, Michael X. Repka, Irina Y. Smirnova, Martin Snead, Virginie J. M. Verhoeven, Pavan K. Verkicharla
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences of high myopia in infants and young children. The findings suggest that high myopia is rare in pre-school children, with a prevalence less than 1%. The etiology of myopia in these children differs from older children, with a high rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes. The clinical management of high myopia in infants and young children is complex and often requires a multidisciplinary approach, including investigation, optical correction, and myopia control treatments.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jiamin Xie, Luyao Ye, Qiuying Chen, Ya Shi, Guangyi Hu, Yao Yin, Haidong Zou, Jianfeng Zhu, Ying Fan, Jiangnan He, Xun Xu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between choroidal thickness and age, axial length, and refractive errors in Chinese adults. The results showed that choroidal thickness decreased with age after 50 years, and the thinning was more prominent in the central and parafoveal regions as axial length increased. The correlation between choroidal thickness and age and axial length varied among different groups with different refractive errors.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Lisa A. Ostrin, Elise Harb, Debora L. Nickla, Scott A. Read, David Alonso-Caneiro, Falk Schroedl, Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger, Xiangtian Zhou, Christine F. Wildsoet
Summary: The choroid is a vascular layer located between the sclera and Bruch's membrane in the eye. It is a multifunctional structure that can be modulated by various physiological and visual stimuli. This review summarizes the anatomy and function of the choroid, discusses its links to eye growth regulation and myopia based on animal models, and describes methods for measuring choroidal thickness and associated challenges in humans. The review also considers the implications of choroidal changes for myopia and questions the potential use of short-term choroidal thickening as a biomarker for myopia control therapy efficacy, concluding that current evidence is insufficient.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
James S. Wolffsohn, Monica Jong, Earl L. Smith, Serge R. Resnikoff, Jost B. Jonas, Nicola S. Logan, Ian Morgan, Padmaja Sankaridurg, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
Summary: The International Myopia Institute (IMI) is focused on advancing research, education, and management in the field of myopia to reduce the incidence of future vision impairment and blindness associated with increasing myopia. By promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing, IMI addresses issues such as pathologic myopia, the impact of myopia, risk factors, accommodation, binocular vision, and myopia prevention.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Wei-Yu Chiang, Yun-Wen Chen, Yu-Peng Liu, Yung-Hsun Liu, Pei-Chang Wu
Summary: This study found that early onset of myopia, higher refractive power of the first spectacles, mothers with high myopia, and after-school class attendance in senior high school are risk factors for high myopia in adulthood. It suggests that delaying the onset of myopia in children is important for the prevention of high myopia in later life.
JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karina Patasova, Anthony P. Khawaja, Robert Wojciechowski, Omar A. Mahroo, Mario Falchi, Jugnoo S. Rahi, Chris J. Hammond, Pirro G. Hysi
Summary: This study analyzed the genetic factors of refractive errors and found 44 genomic loci associated with the age of first spectacle wear. Additionally, six novel regions were identified. Genes associated with the age of first spectacle wear were significantly enriched in central nervous system tissues and involved in neurogenesis.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dovile Simonaviciute, Andrzej Grzybowski, Carla Lanca, Chi Pui Pang, Arvydas Gelzinis, Reda Zemaitiene
Summary: Myopia is a widespread ocular disorder, particularly in Asian countries, and its prevalence has been increasing in recent decades. Atropine eye drops are currently the main treatment for slowing the progression of myopia, but there are still uncertainties regarding optimal concentration and treatment strategy. This review summarizes the results of clinical trials conducted in non-Asian regions, showing that 0.01% atropine eye drops are effective and have fewer side effects compared to 0.5% concentration.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
James S. Wolffsohn, Yasmin Whayeb, Nicola S. Logan, Rebecca Weng, Int Myopia Inst Ambassador Grp
Summary: Surveys in 2015 and 2019 showed that there was a high level of concern and activity about myopia among eye care practitioners, but most of them still prescribed single vision interventions for young myopes. This research aimed to provide updated information on this topic. The results showed that practitioners in Asia had a significantly higher level of concern about pediatric myopia compared to other continents. Combination therapy was perceived as the most effective method of myopia control, followed by orthokeratology and pharmaceutical approaches, while single vision interventions were seen as the least effective.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Augustine N. Nti, Bismark Owusu-Afriyie, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Samuel Kyei, Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo, Kelechi C. Ogbuehi, Mhamed Ouzzani, Kingsley E. Agho, Khathutshelo Percy Mashige, Edgar Ekure, Bernadine N. Ekpenyong, Stephen Ocansey, Antor O. Ndep, Chukwuemeka Junior Obinwanne, David A. Berntsen, James S. Wolffsohn, Kovin S. Naidoo
Summary: This study investigates the perception and adoption of myopia control strategies among African eye care practitioners. The results indicate that African eye care practitioners continue to predominantly prescribe single vision spectacles instead of other myopia control modalities, and their perception of the efficacy of these modalities does not align with the current best evidence. Clear practice guidelines and continuing education are needed to improve the management of myopic patients in Africa.
CONTACT LENS & ANTERIOR EYE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Yunzhe Wang, Ruoyan Wei, Danjuan Yang, Kaimin Song, Yang Shen, Lingling Niu, Meiyan Li, Xingtao Zhou
Summary: This study validates the feasibility of using a deep learning model to predict axial length for myopic patients from ultra-wide field images, and demonstrates that the model predicts with high accuracy.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jui-Hung Hsu, Li-Ju Lai, Tao-Hsin Tung, Wei-Hsiu Hsu
Summary: This study evaluated the incidence rate and risk factors for developing myopia in elementary school students in Chiayi, Taiwan. It found that baseline ocular alignment is not associated with the development of myopia, but new cases of myopia and baseline ocular alignment are associated with exophoria at follow-up.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
J. Deanna Wilson, Kaleab Z. Abebe, Kevin Kraemer, Jane Liebschutz, Jessica Merlin, Elizabeth Miller, David Kelley, Julie Donohue
Summary: This study identified two trajectories of opioid prescribing patterns in opioid-naive youths, with high-risk trajectory associated with older age and longer, more potent initial prescriptions. Even short and low-dose opioid prescriptions can be associated with risks of persistent opioid use for youths.
Article
Ophthalmology
Jost B. Jonas, Marcus Ang, Pauline Cho, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, Ming Guang He, Monica Jong, Nicola S. Logan, Maria Liu, Ian Morgan, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Olavi Parssinen, Serge Resnikoff, Padmaja Sankaridurg, Seang-Mei Saw, Earl L. Smith, Donald T. H. Tan, Jeffrey J. Walline, Christine F. Wildsoet, Pei-Chang Wu, Xiaoying Zhu, James S. Wolffsohn
Summary: The prevalence of myopia is increasing in East and Southeast Asia, with strategies needed to reduce its progression. Encouraging outdoor activities and using low-dose atropine eye drops are beneficial measures for reducing myopia development. Individual risk-to-benefit ratios need to be considered for different treatment options based on age, health, and lifestyle.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ming-Ming Duan, Hui Liu, Yu-Lin Zhong
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in retina thickness in myopic mice using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The results showed that the refractive power of the right eye in the form-deprivation myopia (FDM) group was significantly higher than that of the left eye after 4 weeks of form deprivation. The retina, nerve fiber layer (NFL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) in the right eye of the FDM group were significantly thinner.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Onyekachukwu Mary-Anne Amiebenomo, Ejitu Mfon Isong, Mark Eghaghe Edosa, Joy Margaret Woodhouse
Summary: This study investigated the burden of blindness and vision impairment in school children in Nigeria and found that some students did not meet the visual acuity demand for their classrooms. Most students had good vision, but a percentage of students with poor vision may face difficulties in learning. Therefore, regular screening and timely treatment for vision impairment are crucial.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)