Journal
TETRAHEDRON
Volume 71, Issue 2, Pages 293-300Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.053
Keywords
Alkylation; Esterification; Organic carbonates; Phenolic acids; Renewable resources
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Funding
- Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (German Federal Environmental Foundation)
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Diallyl, dibenzyl, and diethyl carbonate are shown to be non-toxic, sustainable and efficient reagents for the alkylation of phenols as well as for an esterification of carboxylic acids under microwave irradiation in the presence of sub-stoichiometric quantities of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or potassium carbonate. Comparative studies with diethyl carbonate (DEC), diallyl carbonate (DAC), and dibenzyl carbonate (DBC) were performed for the etherification of phenol. Moreover, the reaction of these organic carbonates with hydrogenated ferulic acid show that ester formation is significantly faster and requires lower temperatures if compared to the etherification. Generally, DBC and DAC show a higher reactivity than DEC. Moreover, the use of DBC and DAC under optimized reaction conditions allowed a selective protection of carboxyl groups in the presence of phenols. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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