Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pengcheng Lyu, Robert E. Settlage, Honglin Jiang
Summary: Tens of thousands of H3K27ac-marked active enhancers have been identified from bovine satellite cells before or during differentiation. These enhancers contain binding sites not only for transcription factors whose role in satellite cell differentiation is well known but also for transcription factors whose role in satellite cell differentiation is unknown. These enhancers and transcription factors are valuable resources for understanding the complex mechanism that mediates gene expression during satellite cell differentiation.
Review
Oncology
Silvia Pomella, Sara G. Danielli, Rita Alaggio, Willemijn B. Breunis, Ebrahem Hamed, Joanna Selfe, Marco Wachtel, Zoe S. Walters, Beat W. Schaefer, Rossella Rota, Janet M. Shipley, Simone Hettmer
Summary: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents, characterized by aberrant muscle differentiation. Abnormalities in the regulatory transcription factors (MRFs) involved in skeletal muscle development contribute to tumorigenesis in RMS. Core regulatory circuitries (CRCs) and hierarchically organized subsets of cells play a role in maintaining the disease-driving fusion oncogene and promoting malignancy in RMS. Understanding the genetic and epigenetic framework of abnormal muscle differentiation in RMS provides insights into its mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
Article
Oncology
Ru Chen, Kenji Masuo, Akitada Yogo, Shoko Yokoyama, Aiko Sugiyama, Hiroshi Seno, Akihiko Yoshizawa, Shigeo Takaishi
Summary: In cancer cells, there are specific cell populations that exhibit stem cell-like traits, high CD44 expression, and properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) such as chemoresistance, tumorigenicity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Disrupting the SNAIL/CCN3/NEFL axis may be effective in inhibiting gastric cancer development.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fasih Ahmad Rahman, Joe Quadrilatero
Summary: Remodeling of the mitochondrial network plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating skeletal muscle regeneration. The balance between biogenesis and mitophagy, as well as mitochondrial fission and fusion, are key processes in mitochondrial network remodeling.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vaibhav Sidarala, Jie Zhu, Elena Levi-D'Ancona, Gemma L. Pearson, Emma C. Reck, Emily M. Walker, Brett A. Kaufman, Scott A. Soleimanpour
Summary: The mitochondrial structural proteins Mfn1 and Mfn2 are important for regulating blood glucose levels by preserving mitochondrial DNA content. They control glucose-stimulated insulin secretion primarily through maintaining mtDNA content in beta-cells. Consequently, deletion of both Mfn1 and Mfn2 leads to impairment of mitochondrial morphology and function, resulting in severe glucose intolerance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew D. Watson, Brett L. Cross, Gregory J. Grosicki
Summary: Globally, the population aged 65 and older is growing rapidly, facing issues such as changes in body composition, declines in cardiorespiratory fitness, and reductions in muscle size and function. Decreased muscle protein synthesis in response to anabolic stimuli plays a key role in the development of sarcopenia in aging individuals. Recent studies suggest a bidirectional gut-muscle axis affecting aging muscle health, with lifestyle habits potentially impacting changes in the microbiome.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charles Sackerson, Vivian Garcia, Nicole Medina, Jessica Maldonado, John Daly, Rachel Cartwright
Summary: Cetacea, including the minke whale, have evolved high levels of myoglobin gene expression in skeletal muscles. Contrary to previous assumptions, the study found that the myoglobin gene from the minke whale shows a low level of expression compared to humans. The study also identified key regulatory elements in the gene that differ from those in humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Milewski, Samriddhi Shukla, Berkley E. Gryder, Arun Pradhan, Johnny Donovan, Parvathi Sudha, Sushmitha Vallabh, Athena Pyros, Yan Xu, Artem Barski, Sara Szabo, Brian Turpin, Joseph G. Pressey, Douglas P. Millay, Javed Khan, Vladimir V. Kalinichenko, Tanya Kalin
Summary: The FOXF1 transcription factor plays a crucial role in FP-RMS tumorigenesis by regulating gene expression associated with FP-RMS gene signature. By cooperating with PAX3-FOXO1 and E-box transcription factors, FOXF1 functions downstream of PAX3-FOXO1 to promote the development of FP-RMS.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas Ehlig Hjermind Justesen, Simon Elmer Jespersen, Thomas Tagmose Thomsen, Lars Holm, Gerrit van Hall, Jakob Agergaard
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the distribution pattern of dietary protein on muscle protein synthesis and utilization. The results showed that the distribution pattern of dietary protein did not significantly affect muscle protein synthesis and utilization.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Carina A. Dehner, Amy E. Armstrong, Marielle Yohe, Jack F. Shern, Angela C. Hirbe
Summary: Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents, but the prognosis has not significantly improved in recent years. Researchers are working to better understand the genetic abnormalities and risk stratification of the disease in order to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.
Article
Biology
Tsuyoshi Morita, Ken'ichiro Hayashi
Summary: This study reveals that Arp5 acts as an inhibitory regulator of MyoD and MyoG in skeletal muscle differentiation. Arp5 binds to the CR region of MyoD and MyoG, interfering with their epigenetic functions and suppressing myogenic gene expression. Arp5 expression is elevated in rhabdomyosarcoma cells, contributing to dysregulation of the MRFs and potentially promoting tumorigenic properties. Depletion of Arp5 partially restores myogenic properties in RMS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guoling Li, Haoqiang Wang, Xianwei Zhang, Zhenfang Wu, Huaqiang Yang
Summary: This study presents a strategy to enhance HDR efficiency in animal cells by spatial and temporal colocalization of the donor and Cas9 through coupling the CRISPR system with the transcription factor THAP11. By appending THAP11-specific DNA binding motifs to the double-stranded donor DNA, the HDR efficiency can be significantly improved. The THAP11-fused CRISPR system achieved a more than twofold increase in HDR-mediated knock-in efficiency, and up to 6-fold increase can be achieved through combinational use with the small-molecule HDR enhancer valnemulin.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
John Lennon Silva Cunha, Israel Leal Cavalcante, Caio Cesar da Silva Barros, Pollianna Muniz Alves, Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka, Assis Filipe Medeiros Albuquerque, Oslei Paes de Almeida, Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de Andrade, Roberta Barroso Cavalcante
Summary: This article reports a rare case of intraosseous RMS in the maxilla, which presents as a large osteolytic lesion and is often misdiagnosed clinically. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry can aid in the correct diagnosis, highlighting the importance of early surgical excision and long-term follow-up.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sean Paul Kilroe, Jonathan Fulford, Sarah Jackman, Andrew Holwerda, Annemie Gijsen, Luc van Loon, Benjamin Toby Wall
Summary: The study found that three days of muscle disuse leads to significant declines in muscle mass and daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates. However, daily protein intake does not modulate these muscle deconditioning responses.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew K. Tanner, Zhenzhi Tang, Charles A. Thornton
Summary: Biomarker-driven trials show promise in therapeutic development of chronic diseases like muscular dystrophy. RNA toxicity in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) involves expanded CUG-repeats accumulation, leading to dysregulation of alternative splicing. Targeted splice sequencing can be a sensitive and reliable way to assess therapeutic impact in DM1, as shown by prompt reduction of CUG(exp) RNA and correction of splicing index with antisense oligonucleotides.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)