Article
Fisheries
K. L. Dobson, J. A. Newton, S. Widdicombe, K. L. Schoo, M. P. Acquafredda, G. Kitch, A. Bantelman, K. Lowder, A. Valauri-Orton, K. Soapi, K. Azetsu-Scott, K. Isensee
Summary: The global threat of ocean acidification to marine ecosystems is recognized by the UN, and the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network (GOA-ON) aims to understand and monitor the drivers and impacts of ocean acidification. The Ocean Acidification Research for Sustainability (OARS) program will build on GOA-ON's work and develop an implementation plan for each of its Decade Action Outcomes, with a focus on stakeholder engagement and positive consequences.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Ashley Bantelman, Donata Canu, Steeve Comeau, Charles Galdies, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Michele Giani, Michael Grelaud, Iris Eline Hendriks, Valeria Ibello, Mohammed Idrissi, Evangelia Krasakopoulou, Nayrah Shaltout, Cosimo Solidoro, Peter W. W. Swarzenski, Patrizia Ziveri
Summary: This paper systematically analyzes the current status, trends, and gaps in ocean acidification (OA) research in the Mediterranean region. It highlights uneven geographic research capacity, poor quantification of the carbonate system in coastal zones, and the lack of studies on certain organism groups. The paper also points out the overall scarcity of socio-economic, paleontological, and modeling studies, as well as the absence of consistent OA policies in the Mediterranean Sea. Recommendations are provided to address these knowledge gaps.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alan Condron, Jenna C. Hill
Summary: High-resolution seafloor mapping reveals evidence of massive icebergs drifting south along the eastern United States, with sediment core analysis and numerical modeling providing insights into iceberg transport mechanisms and past climate changes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeff Tollefson
Summary: A New York experiment is part of a commercial race to develop ocean-based technologies to extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert L. Korty
Summary: Research based on a 30-year record of ocean current velocities suggests that tropical cyclones have intensified over time, which aligns with the belief that their strength will increase as the planet warms.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Emily Newsom, Laure Zanna, Samar Khatiwala
Summary: This study aims to better understand the geographic pattern of ocean warming caused by human-driven climate change. The research finds that ocean warming patterns are influenced by both the ocean's heat absorption and changes in ocean currents, which are interconnected processes. Changes in ocean currents reduce regional variations in the build-up of new heat absorbed from the atmosphere. This finding is significant for predicting regional ocean warming and its impacts.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
J. Boutin, N. Reul, J. Koehler, A. Martin, R. Catany, S. Guimbard, F. Rouffi, J. L. Vergely, M. Arias, M. Chakroun, G. Corato, V Estella-Perez, A. Hasson, S. Josey, D. Khvorostyanov, N. Kolodziejczyk, J. Mignot, L. Olivier, G. Reverdin, D. Stammer, A. Supply, C. Thouvenin-Masson, A. Turiel, J. Vialard, P. Cipollini, C. Donlon, R. Sabia, S. Mecklenburg
Summary: Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) is an important variable for monitoring and researching ocean and climate, with satellite missions providing measurements for study. The Climate Change Initiative Salinity project aims to produce a data record that meets user needs, using careful methods for handling instrumental differences and data adjustments.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jia-Jia Chen, Neil C. Swart, Xuhua Cheng
Summary: Since the 1950s, the Southern Ocean has been warming in the south and cooling in the north. The exact drivers of these opposing latitudinal patterns of change were not well understood. However, analysis of atmosphere-ocean general circulation models shows that subsurface cooling in the north is a result of a combination of weak warming from greenhouse gases and cooling forced by aerosols.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Dirk Barbi, Nadine Wieters, Paul Gierz, Miguel Andres-Martinez, Deniz Ural, Fatemeh Chegini, Sara Khosravi, Luisa Cristini
Summary: Earth system and climate modelling involve simulating processes on various scales and compartments, with coupling setups posing challenges. To simplify and enhance usability, ESM-Tools software offers a standardized method for downloading, configuring, compiling, running, and monitoring different models on diverse HPC systems.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. W. Brand, H. L. Diefenderfer, J. E. O'Connor, A. B. Borde, D. A. Jay, A. Al-Bahadily, M. McKeon, S. A. Talke
Summary: Subsidence caused by subduction zone earthquakes can significantly impact estuarine bathymetry. Through using a hydrodynamic and habitat model, we quantified the effects of earthquake-induced subsidence on hydrodynamics and habitat distributions in the lower Columbia River Estuary, a major system. The model results show that coseismic subsidence increases tidal range, with the largest increase occurring in areas of topographic convergence. Intertidal habitat is reduced by 24%-25% in all scenarios, and about 93% of estuarine wetlands are shifted to lower-elevation habitat bands. Considering the dynamic effects of tidal changes from subsidence leads to higher estimates of remaining habitat, depending on the habitat type.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Carl Wunsch, Sarah Williamson, Patrick Heimbach
Summary: In sequential estimation methods for oceanic and general climate calculations, observations act as source or sink terms in conservation equations. These artificial terms obscure the system's variability. Results of both filter and smoother-based estimates are sensitive to misrepresentation of various parameters. This study demonstrates the issues arising from misrepresentations using toy models and analyzes the results from Kalman filter and finite interval smoothing methods.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
C. D. Hewitt, F. Guglielmo, S. Joussaume, J. Bessembinder, I Christel, F. J. Doblas-Reyes, V Djurdjevic, N. Garrett, E. Kjellstrom, A. Krzic, M. Manez Costa, A. L. St Clair
Summary: Climate observations, research, and models play a crucial role in understanding key processes of climate change and providing climate services. Recommendations for future research focus on climate modeling and services to enhance climate knowledge and information for better societal resilience to climate-related risks. The findings aim to influence the European Commission's research and innovation program for 2021-2027, emphasizing the importance of research and innovation in climate modeling and services.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Jessica Wentz, Delta Merner, Benjamin Franta, Alessandra Lehmen, Peter C. Frumhoff
Summary: This article identifies key research gaps and opportunities for scientists in various disciplines to contribute to the growing number of climate lawsuits worldwide. It focuses on research that can inform legal decisions regarding responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions and climate damages. The article highlights the need for further research in attribution science and cross-disciplinary research to address the causes of climate inaction and allocate responsibility for emissions reductions. The goal is to encourage researchers to engage in climate litigation and discussions on legal responsibility for climate change and emphasize the importance of timely and actionable scientific research in this domain.
Review
Engineering, Marine
Sasan Tavakoli, Danial Khojasteh, Milad Haghani, Spyros Hirdaris
Summary: This paper reviews the research in ocean engineering over the last 50+ years to understand the technological challenges, global demands, pragmatic solutions, and research gaps in the field. Six major research divisions and their sub-divisions are identified, highlighting the growing topics of ocean renewable energy, ship control and path tracking, and computational modelling of wave-induced motions. The potential research opportunities include updating and forecasting energy resources, developing computational methods for wave generation, and optimized control of energy converters. The paper also emphasizes the need to consider the influence of climate change, the development of computational engineering methods, machine learning, analysis of COVID-19 transmission onboard, and 3D printing-based studies.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hyung-Gyu Lim, Jong-Yeon Park, John P. Dunne, Charles A. Stock, Sung-Ho Kang, Jong-Seong Kug
Summary: This study demonstrates that anthropogenic nitrogen fluxes have exacerbated Arctic warming and sea ice loss through physical-biological feedback mechanisms. The strongest impacts were observed in the Eurasian shelf seas, where surface temperatures increased by 12% and sea ice concentrations decreased by 17% due to increased nitrogen fluxes.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Severine Fournier, Tong Lee
Summary: This study examines the consistency of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) products from the SMOS and SMAP satellites, as well as two in-situ gridded salinity products, in depicting SSS variations near major river mouths. It shows that satellite SSS products have good consistency in capturing seasonal and interannual SSS variations, while the in-situ products underestimate these variations. This underscores the importance of using satellite SSS to study river plumes and evaluate models.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ronan McAdam, Simona Masina, Magdalena Balmaseda, Silvio Gualdi, Retish Senan, Michael Mayer
Summary: This study presents a global assessment of the predictability of ocean heat content (OHC) in two state-of-the-art seasonal forecasting systems. The findings show that these systems can accurately predict OHC in the upper 300 meters of the ocean, with similar skill as predictions of sea surface temperature (SST). The study also highlights the added value of dynamical systems in the equatorial and tropical regions.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hrishikesh A. Chandanpurkar, Tong Lee, Xiaochun Wang, Hong Zhang, Severine Fournier, Ian Fenty, Ichiro Fukumori, Dimitris Menemenlis, Christopher G. Piecuch, John T. Reager, Ou Wang, John Worden
Summary: River discharge has a significant impact on global ocean models, especially in terms of sea surface salinity and sea surface height. This study uses a global daily varying discharge dataset to analyze the effects of nonseasonal discharge on the ocean. The inclusion of nonseasonal discharge improves the model's accuracy near river mouths, particularly in tropical-to-midlatitude regions. The changes in sea surface height associated with nonseasonal discharge can be explained by the effects of salinity on halosteric height.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Antje Weisheimer, Magdalena A. Balmaseda, Tim N. Stockdale, Michael Mayer, S. Sharmila, Harry Hendon, Oscar Alves
Summary: This study explores the temporal changes of predictability of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using a modern forecasting system. The results reveal distinct periods of enhanced and reduced predictability, primarily driven by multi-decadal variations in the dynamical characteristics of ENSO.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Patricia de Rosnay, Philip Browne, Eric de Boisseson, David Fairbairn, Yoichi Hirahara, Kenta Ochi, Dinand Schepers, Peter Weston, Hao Zuo, Magdalena Alonso-Balmaseda, Gianpaolo Balsamo, Massimo Bonavita, Niels Borman, Andy Brown, Marcin Chrust, Mohamed Dahoui, Giovanna Chiara, Stephen English, Alan Geer, Sean Healy, Hans Hersbach, Patrick Laloyaux, Linus Magnusson, Sebastien Massart, Anthony McNally, Florian Pappenberger, Florence Rabier
Summary: This article presents the coupled data assimilation activities at ECMWF, which aim to provide consistent initial conditions to the coupled atmosphere, land, and ocean forecast model. The article introduces different DA systems and observing systems for each Earth-system component, discusses challenges related to observation consistency and availability, presents coupling methodologies and ongoing developments, and illustrates the benefits and challenges of coupled DA through various applications. The article also discusses future plans for coupled DA developments in support of ECMWF's Earth-system strategy 2021-2030.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Ou Wang, Tong Lee, Christopher G. Piecuch, Ichiro Fukumori, Ian Fenty, Thomas Frederikse, Dimitris Menemenlis, Rui M. Ponte, Hong Zhang
Summary: The relative contributions of local and remote wind stress and air-sea buoyancy forcing to sea-level variations along the East Coast of the United States are investigated. Wind stress explains a significant portion of the interannual sea-level variance, while both wind and buoyancy forcing together explain a larger portion. The study also disproves a previous hypothesis about the Labrador Sea wind stress being a driver of Nantucket sea-level variations. Remote buoyancy forcing is found to influence Nantucket sea level through slow advective processes.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Oceanography
Thomas Frederikse, Tong Lee, Ou Wang, Ben Kirtman, Emily Becker, Ben Hamlington, Daniel Limonadi, Duane Waliser
Summary: This study proposes a hybrid dynamical approach for seasonal sea-level prediction, which combines atmospheric forcings and sea-level sensitivities to make predictions. The approach achieves good prediction skill using pre-computed sensitivities and an ensemble forcing prediction. The method is computationally efficient and can provide useful information for improving seasonal prediction systems.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Carl Mears, Tong Lee, Lucrezia Ricciardulli, Xiaochun Wang, Frank Wentz
Summary: The CCMP Ocean vector wind analysis combines satellite measurements with NWP model data to estimate global ocean vector winds. While accurate at low to moderate wind speeds, it tends to underestimate high winds due to biases between satellite and model winds.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
S. Sharmila, H. Hendon, O. Alves, A. Weisheimer, M. Balmaseda
Summary: By examining the 110-year reforecasts from ECMWF's coupled model, it was found that Nino-3.4 SST can be skillfully predicted up to 18 months when initialized on 1 November, but the skill drops to around 12 months for May starts due to the boreal spring predictability barrier. The prediction skill beyond the first year is highly dependent on the phase of ENSO, with peak El Nino states being more predictable in year 2 compared to peak La Nina states. The high prediction skill of ENSO events beyond 1 year supports the extension of operational seasonal forecasts up to 2 years.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Danni Du, Aneesh C. Subramanian, Weiqing Han, Ho-Hsuan Wei, Beena Balan Sarojini, Magdalena Balmaseda, Frederic Vitart
Summary: Despite the well-recognized initial value nature of subseasonal forecasts, the impact of subsurface ocean initialization in subseasonal forecasts has not been fully explored. This study investigates the role of ocean in situ data assimilation on the propagation of MJO events across the Maritime Continent in the ECMWF subseasonal forecast system. The results show that ocean initialization with in situ data assimilation does not improve the relatively low MJO forecast skill across the Maritime Continent. Bias in the atmospheric model is found to be a major factor contributing to the forecast error, suggesting that improving the atmospheric circulation bias should be a target for enhancing the ECMWF subseasonal forecast model.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Minghong Liu, Michael J. McPhaden, Hong-Li Ren, Magdalena A. Balmaseda, Run Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates that the heat content internal to the Indian Ocean can be an effective predictor for Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) prediction. Equatorial heat content (EQHC) is found to be more effective, especially for predictions in late boreal winter and spring.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Oertel, M. Pickl, J. F. Quinting, S. Hauser, J. Wandel, L. Magnusson, M. Balmaseda, F. Vitart, C. M. Grams
Summary: In June 2021, Western North America experienced an unprecedented heat wave with extreme temperatures and significant socio-economic impact. The heat wave was triggered by anomalous rainfall in the West Pacific that set off a chain of weather events, ultimately leading to a high-amplitude ridge over Canada. Our study shows that the predictability of the heat wave magnitude is limited by the response of the jet stream to diabatically enhanced ascending motion in extratropical cyclones. Therefore, probabilistic weather forecasts can only predict the severity of the heat wave once the complex cascade of weather events is captured.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaochun Wang, Tong Lee, Carl Mears
Summary: This study compares a special version of CCMP2.0 and CCMP3.0, both without including buoy measurements. The results show that CCMP3.0 has better agreement with independent buoy wind speeds, especially for higher wind conditions. The increase in wind power density from CCMP2.0 to CCMP3.0 is attributed to changes in wind speed and its standard deviation.
Article
Oceanography
Matthew J. J. Widlansky, Xiaoyu Long, Magdalena A. A. Balmaseda, Claire M. M. Spillman, Grant Smith, Hao Zuo, Yonghong Yin, Oscar Alves, Arun Kumar
Summary: Satellite altimetry measurements improve seasonal prediction skill of ocean variables, especially in the subtropics, but have little impact on tropical forecasts. The benefit of altimetry assimilation for subsurface ocean does not affect sea surface temperature predictions, potentially due to close-to-limit predictability or underutilization of altimetry observations.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hector Torres, Alexander Wineteer, Patrice Klein, Tong Lee, Jinbo Wang, Ernesto Rodriguez, Dimitris Menemenlis, Hong Zhang
Summary: The kinetic energy transfer between the atmosphere and oceans, known as wind work, plays a significant role in ocean dynamics. Recent numerical estimates have shown a nearly fivefold increase in global wind work amplitude compared to those reported a decade ago due to the inclusion of a broader range of spatial and temporal scales. However, existing satellite observations do not fully capture this range. The ODYSEA satellite mission, which utilizes a wide-swath measurement approach, performs well in estimating wind work globally, except at latitudes north of 40 degrees N during summer.
