Journal
OCEAN DYNAMICS
Volume 65, Issue 3, Pages 385-393Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s10236-014-0795-5
Keywords
East Asian Summer Monsoon; Pacemaker; ENSO
Categories
Funding
- GEOMAR
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling program
- National Science Foundation [0830068, 0957884, 1338427]
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09OAR4310058]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AN50G]
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [0957884] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The variability of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is studied using a pacemaker technique driven by ENSO in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) coupled to a slab mixed layer model. In the pacemaker experiments, sea surface temperature (SST) is constrained to observations in the eastern equatorial Pacific through a q-flux that measures the contribution of ocean dynamics to SST variability, while the AGCM is coupled to the slab model. An ensemble of pacemaker experiments is analyzed using a multivariate EOF analysis to identify the two major modes of variability of the EASM. The results show that the pacemaker experiments simulate a substantial amount (around 45 %) of the variability of the first mode (the Pacific-Japan pattern) in ERA40 from 1979 to 1999. Different from previous work, the pacemaker experiments also simulate a large part (25 %) of the variability of the second mode, related to rainfall variability over northern China. Furthermore, we find that the lower (850 hPa) and the upper (200 hPa) tropospheric circulation of the first mode display the same degree of reproducibility whereas only the lower part of the second mode is reproducible. The basis for the success of the pacemaker experiments is the ability of the experiments to reproduce the observed relationship between El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the EASM.
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