Article
Critical Care Medicine
Etienne de Montmollin, Claire Dupuis, Pierre Jaquet, Benjamine Sarton, Charline Sazio, Vincent Susset, Marie Conrad, Laurent Argaud, Sophie Demeret, Jean Marc Tadie, Francois Barbier, Michel Wolff, Jean-Francois Timsit, Benoit Visseaux, Romain Sonneville
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed the prevalence, associated factors, and clinical impact of an initial negative HSV PCR in critically ill patients with PCR-proven HSV encephalitis. The results showed that an initial negative PCR was associated with worse neurologic outcome and highlighted the importance of a systematic multimodal diagnostic approach in these patients.
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Christopher M. Pruitt, Lise E. Nigrovic, Stephen B. Freedman, Stuart A. Bradin, Sarah J. Curtis, Todd W. Lyons, Aaron S. Miller, Pamela J. Okada, Suzanne M. Schmidt, David Schnadower, Joanna E. Thomson, Andrea T. Cruz
Summary: Despite clear testing recommendations, there is a lack of comprehensive HSV testing in infants. A study of 112 infants with confirmed HSV disease from 23 research centers found that less than one-fifth of the infants underwent all recommended testing, emphasizing the need for increased awareness and adherence to testing recommendations for this vulnerable population.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Sita Awasthi, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: The rapid development of two nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines has revolutionized the field of COVID-19 vaccines with their safety and high effectiveness. The mRNA technology offers advantages such as accelerated immunogen discovery, robust immune response induction, and rapid manufacturing scale-up. Developing a genital herpes vaccine has been a longstanding public health priority, and the advent of mRNA technology holds promise in changing the narrative. The development of nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines for genital herpes shows great potential in inducing higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and more durable immune responses compared to protein-adjuvanted vaccines.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Pezzotti, Eriko Ohgitani, Saki Ikegami, Masaharu Shin-Ya, Tetsuya Adachi, Toshiro Yamamoto, Narisato Kanamura, Elia Marin, Wenliang Zhu, Kazu Okuma, Osam Mazda
Summary: Hydrolytic reactions on the surface of Si3N4 bioceramic can instantaneously inactivate HHV-1 due to the direct reaction between ammonia and its nitrogen radical byproducts produced during Si3N4 hydrolysis and viral proteins, leading to irreversible damage to the virus DNA and structure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Tajanna Stinn, Steve Kuntz, Dana Varon, Meei-Li Huang, Stacy Selke, Samuel Njikan, Emily S. Ford, Joan Dragavon, Robert W. Coombs, Christine Johnston, Marta E. Bull
Summary: This study suggests that subclinical HSV shedding in HIV/HSV-coinfected women during ART may sustain HIV tissue reservoirs through antigen exposure or HIV replication. Frequent subclinical HSV DNA shedding was associated with increased HIV DNA tissue concentrations and increased divergence from ancestral sequences, indicating a potential role of immune responses to common coinfections in sustaining HIV tissue reservoirs during suppressive ART.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Akira Hirota, Jun Shoji, Noriko Inada, Rumi Adachi, Yukiko Tonozuka, Satoru Yamagami
Summary: A microfluidic real-time PCR system is effective in rapidly detecting viral DNA in samples, including tears. This study demonstrates the utility of quantitative PCR for HSV and VZV DNA in tears using a microfluidic real-time PCR system in the diagnosis and monitoring of HSK and HZO.
Article
Virology
Puja Bagri, Ramtin Ghasemi, Joshua J. C. McGrath, Danya Thayaparan, Emma Yu, Andrew G. Brooks, Martin R. Staempfli, Charu Kaushic
Summary: This study reveals a new role for E2 in enhancing CD4(+) memory T cells postintranasal immunization with HSV-2. Under the influence of E2 treatment, there is an enhanced establishment of antiviral memory T cell responses in the upper respiratory tract and female reproductive tract, with greater T(h)17 memory cells preceding enhanced T(h)1 memory responses. The findings suggest potential strategies for generating optimal immunity during vaccination.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Amy S. Sturt, Emily L. Webb, Catriona Patterson, Comfort R. Phiri, Tobias Mweene, Eyrun F. Kjetland, Maina Mudenda, Joyce Mapani, Mable M. Mutengo, James Chipeta, Govert J. van Dam, Paul L. A. M. Corstjens, Helen Ayles, Richard J. Hayes, Isaiah Hansingo, Piet Cools, Lisette van Lieshout, Helena Helmby, Grace A. McComsey, Suzanna C. Francis, Amaya L. Bustinduy
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) and HIV-1 infection, measuring the expression levels of cytokines and chemokines. The results suggest that FGS may alter the immune environment of the female genital tract and be associated with HIV-1 vulnerability. Further research in areas with varying endemicity is needed to evaluate this association.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Hemant Borase, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This review summarizes the pathogenesis of HSV-2 and its cellular interactions, explores new strategies and challenges in regulating HSV-2 replication and influencing the cell cycle through host cellular components, and presents a fresh perspective on the treatment of HSV-2 by targeting cellular proteins and pathways.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Gajanand Sharma, Bimaldeep Kaur, Kanika Thakur, Akanksha Mahajan, Basant Amarji, Mini P. Singh, Om Prakash Katare
Summary: The study explored pluronic lecithin organogel as a novel drug delivery platform for improving the topical delivery of acyclovir. After various characterization tests, it was found that this therapy showed significant improvement over the marketed product in treating herpes, enhancing bioavailability and safety.
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
William J. Sears, Yvonne Qvarnstrom, Thomas B. Nutman
Summary: A molecular detection method RPAcan3990 targeting Angiostrongylus cantonensis with a detection limit of 1 fg/μl successfully detected all positive clinical samples from various regions. The assay showed optimal performance within a temperature range of 35°C to 40°C.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sita Awasthi, James J. Knox, Angela Desmond, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Brian T. Gaudette, John M. Lubinski, Alexis Naughton, Lauren M. Hook, Kevin P. Egan, Ying K. Tam, Norbert Pardi, David Allman, Eline T. Luning Prak, Michael P. Cancro, Drew Weissman, Gary H. Cohen, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines show more durable protection in animal models compared to protein vaccines, with higher neutralizing antibody titers and robust B cell immune memory. The correlation between high neutralizing titers and B cell immune memory likely explains the more lasting protection provided by the mRNA vaccine.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Claire H. Birkenheuer, Laura Dunn, Rachel Dufour, Joel D. Baines
Summary: The protein ICP22 has been observed to reduce RNA polymerase II (Pol II) serine 2 phosphorylation, which is necessary for transcriptional elongation, yet this phosphorylation is also essential for viral replication. This study helps explain this paradox by demonstrating the advantages of negative regulation of transcriptional elongation, including the reduction of antisense and intergenic transcription.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mariam Sarwar, Saifullah Khan Niazi, Irfan Ali Mirza, Wajid Hussain, Misbah Noor, Anam Imtiaz
Summary: This case illustrates the importance of considering viral encephalitis in patients with risk factors, even in the presence of multiple traumatic injuries. The patient's cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed positive results for HSV-1 DNA, indicating encephalitis. Treatment with intravenous acyclovir led to gradual improvement in consciousness.
JCPSP-JOURNAL OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS PAKISTAN
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eric Armstrong, Anke Hemmerling, Steve Miller, Kerianne E. Burke, Sara J. Newmann, Sheldon R. Morris, Hilary Reno, Sanja Huibner, Maria Kulikova, Rachel Liu, Emily D. Crawford, Gloria R. Castaneda, Nico Nagelkerke, Bryan Coburn, Craig R. Cohen, Rupert Kaul
Summary: The study found that after BV treatment, the vaginal microbiota shifted to dominance by Lactobacillus species, but this change was primarily driven by a decrease in BV-associated bacteria. Although there were minor increases in Lactobacillus species after treatment, they were not independently associated with reduced inflammation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Ruanne V. Barnabas, Anna Wald
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Lawrence Corey
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
L. Corey, P. B. Gilbert, M. Juraska, D. C. Montefiori, L. Morris, S. T. Karuna, S. Edupuganti, N. M. Mgodi, A. C. deCamp, E. Rudnicki, Y. Huang, P. Gonzales, R. Cabello, C. Orrell, J. R. Lama, F. Laher, E. M. Lazarus, J. Sanchez, I. Frank, J. Hinojosa, M. E. Sobieszczyk, K. E. Marshall, P. G. Mukwekwerere, J. Makhema, L. R. Baden, J. I. Mullins, C. Williamson, J. Hural, M. J. McElrath, C. Bentley, S. Takuva, M. M. Gomez Lorenzo, D. N. Burns, N. Espy, A. K. Randhawa, N. Kochar, E. Piwowar-Manning, D. J. Donnell, N. Sista, P. Andrew, J. G. Kublin, G. Gray, J. E. Ledgerwood, J. R. Mascola, M. S. Cohen
Summary: The study found that broadly neutralizing antibodies did not prevent HIV-1 acquisition more effectively than placebo, but analyses of VRC01-sensitive HIV-1 isolates indicated that prophylaxis with broadly neutralizing antibodies may be effective.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Glenda E. Gray, Lawrence Corey
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Lawrence Corey, Chris Beyrer, Myron S. Cohen, Nelson L. Michael, Trevor Bedford, Morgane Rolland
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rebecca Elyanow, Thomas M. Snyder, Sudeb C. Dalai, Rachel M. Gittelman, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Anna Wald, Stacy Selke, Mark H. Wener, Chihiro Morishima, Alexander L. Greninger, Michael Gale, Tien-Ying Hsiang, Lichen Jing, Michael R. Holbrook, Ian M. Kaplan, H. Jabran Zahid, Damon H. May, Jonathan M. Carlson, Lance Baldo, Thomas Manley, Harlan S. Robins, David M. Koelle
Summary: This study suggests that measuring T cell responses can provide reliable assessment of past SARS-CoV-2 infection and protective immunity. T cell responses showed significant correlations with neutralizing antibody titers and disease severity indicators. T cell testing demonstrated high sensitivity even after 6 months of infection, outperforming serology tests in identifying prior infection, especially in individuals with milder disease.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dean Follmann, Holly E. Janes, Olive D. Buhule, Honghong Zhou, Bethany Girard, Kristen Marks, Karen Kotloff, Michael Desjardins, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Jacqueline M. Miller, Hana M. El Sahly, Lindsey R. Baden
Summary: This study evaluated the seropositivity of anti-nucleocapsid antibody (anti-N Ab) in mRNA-1273 vaccinees with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed a lower seroconversion rate in vaccinees, indicating the importance of considering vaccination status when interpreting seroprevalence and seropositivity data based solely on anti-N Ab testing.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Sean M. Hughes, Claire N. Levy, Fernanda L. Calienes, Katie A. Martinez, Stacy Selke, Kenneth Tapia, Bhavna H. Chohan, Lynda Oluoch, Catherine Kiptinness, Anna Wald, Mimi Ghosh, Liselotte Hardy, Kenneth Ngure, Nelly R. Mugo, Florian Hladik, Alison C. Roxby
Summary: This study investigated changes in immune mediators in the cervicovaginal tract of Kenyan AGYW before and after first sexual intercourse, and combined the results with two other studies through meta-analysis. The study found a significant increase in concentrations of immune mediators after first sex, with cumulative effects over time. These findings were consistent across three studies conducted on different continents.
Review
Immunology
Corey Casper, Lawrence Corey, Jeffrey Cohen, Blossom Damania, Anne A. Gershon, David C. Kaslow, Laurie T. Krug, Jeffrey Martin, Sam M. Mbulaiteye, Edward S. Mocarski, Patrick S. Moore, Javier Gordon Ogembo, Warren Phipps, Denise Whitby, Charles Wood
Summary: This article summarizes the epidemiology and biology of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) as an overlooked but potentially vaccine-preventable infection. The unique epidemiology of this virus provides opportunities to prevent its cancers if an effective, inexpensive, and well-tolerated vaccine can be developed and delivered.
Article
Virology
Linhui Hao, Tien-Ying Hsiang, Ronit R. Dalmat, Renee Ireton, Jennifer F. Morton, Caleb Stokes, Jason Netland, Malika Hale, Chris Thouvenel, Anna Wald, Nicholas M. Franko, Kristen Huden, Helen Y. Chu, Alex Sigal, Alex L. Greninger, Sasha Tilles, Lynn K. Barrett, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Jennifer Munt, Trevor Scobey, Ralph S. Baric, David J. Rawlings, Marion Pepper, Paul K. Drain, Michael Gale
Summary: New variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge and evade immunity. Convalescence from the ancestral virus provides limited protection against variants. Vaccination enhances immunity against viral variants, but the protection is weaker against Omicron BA.1, and a three-dose vaccine regimen provides significantly better protection against it compared to a two-dose.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Daniel Corey, Francoise Haeseleer, Joe Hou, Lawrence Corey
Summary: Adoptive therapy using genetically engineered T cells shows promise in treating infectious diseases in immunocompromised individuals. In this study, chimeric engulfment receptor (CER) T cells designed to recognize phosphatidylserine (PS)-expressing cells successfully eliminated SIV-infected cells. The introduction of innate immune functions into T cells enhances the elimination of SIV-infected cells, and further in vivo studies are needed to evaluate their effectiveness.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Ethics
Tara M. Babu, Anna Wald
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Deborah Donnell, Fei Gao, James P. Hughes, Brett Hanscom, Lawrence Corey, Myron S. Cohen, Srilatha Edupuganti, Nyaradzo Mgodi, Helen Rees, Jared M. Baeten, Glenda Gray, Linda-Gail Bekker, Mina Hosseinipour, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe
Summary: This study used counterfactual placebo comparisons using other data sources to evaluate the efficacy of antiretroviral agents for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. The findings showed that injectable cabotegravir (CAB-LA) and daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) can significantly reduce the risk of HIV infection compared to no intervention, and the efficacy of FTC/TDF against counterfactual placebo was consistent with previous placebo-controlled trials.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Jill Maaske, Ann R. Falsey, Stephanie Sproule, Merlin L. Robb, Robert W. Frenck, Hong-Van Tieu, Kenneth H. Mayer, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Tina Tong, Margaret Brewinski Isaacs, Holly Janes, Himanshu Bansal, Lindsay M. Edwards, Justin A. Green, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Kathryn Shoemaker, Therese Takas, Tom White, Prakash Bhuyan, Tonya Villafana, Ian Hirsch
Summary: AZD1222 vaccine demonstrated safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity in the ongoing phase 3 trial. The vaccine provided durable protection with a significant reduction in the incidence of symptomatic COVID-19 and showed high efficacy against severe/critical disease. Humoral immune responses induced by AZD1222 waned over time.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amalio Telenti, Ann Arvin, Lawrence Corey, Davide Corti, Michael S. Diamond, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Robert F. Garry, Edward C. Holmes, Phillip S. Pang, Herbert W. Virgin
Summary: This article discusses the future patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the development of variants, and the implications for vaccine deployment. It suggests that the virus may become endemic fueled by pockets of susceptible individuals and waning immunity. Effective surveillance and response are crucial to prevent new epidemic or pandemic patterns.