Hemolysis and Elevated Transaminases Imitating Severe Preeclampsia

BACKGROUND: Illnesses coincident with pregnancy may present similarly to preeclampsia or may be mistaken for severe preeclampsia or hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. Distinguishing these imitators from preeclampsia is important to allow for appropriate treatment and to avoid unnecessary delivery. CASE: A primigravida at 32 2/7 weeks of gestation transferred to our institution with flu-like symptoms, anemia, jaundice, and elevated liver function tests. The team caring for her was concerned about HELLP or acute fatty liver. After extensive workup, she was found to have a cold agglutinin. Her laboratory test results improved, and she was discharged undelivered with a presumptive diagnosis of cold agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia. CONCLUSION: When patients present with atypical features of HELLP syndrome, clinicians should take time to consider other imitators of preeclampsia before rapidly progressing to delivery to avoid inappropriate treatment of the disorder.