Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ana Karina Zambrano, Santiago Cadena-Ullauri, Patricia Guevara-Ramirez, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo, Elius Paz-Cruz, Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo, Sebastian Chapela, Martha Montalvan, Gerardo Sarno, Claudia V. Guerra, Daniel Simancas-Racines
Summary: The very-low-calorie KD (VLCKD) is a diet with a caloric intake of under 800 kcal/day, less than 50 g/day of carbohydrate, and a balance of protein and fat. VLCKD has been proven to have beneficial effects on diseases like heart failure, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and obesity. The gut microbiota plays a role in metabolism, appetite, and energy regulation, and there is evidence of an association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and obesity. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms and potential benefits of VLCKD on gut microbiota composition in individuals with obesity.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Luigi Barrea, Ludovica Verde, Luigi Schiavo, Gerardo Sarno, Elisabetta Camajani, Antonio Iannelli, Massimiliano Caprio, Vincenzo Pilone, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri
Summary: Bariatric surgery is the most effective method for long-term weight loss in severe obesity patients. The pre-operative diet plays a crucial role in determining patients' suitability for surgery and their post-operative outcomes. Nutritional management of bariatric patients requires specialized expertise.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ludovica Verde, Maria Dalamaga, Xavier Capo, Giuseppe Annunziata, Maria Hassapidou, Annamaria Docimo, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Luigi Barrea
Summary: High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) leads to better results in the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), possibly due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the MD, which create a metabolic state favorable for more effective ketosis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Faidon Magkos, Mads F. Hjorth, Sarah Asping, Maria Rosenkrans, Sidse Rasmussen, Christian Ritz, Anders Sjodin, Nina R. W. Geiker
Summary: This study compared the effects of very-low-calorie diets with different protein content on lean mass and resting metabolic rate in overweight and obese individuals. The results showed that increasing protein content did not mitigate reductions in lean mass and resting metabolic rate during weight loss, indicating that the proposed protein increase may not be effective for weight maintenance in this population.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helena Deris, Petra Tominac, Frano Vuckovic, Arne Astrup, Ellen E. Blaak, Gordan Lauc, Ivan Gudelj
Summary: The aberrant plasma protein glycosylation associated with various diseases was studied by analyzing glycomes from participants of the Diogenes study. Significant alterations in glycan structures were observed 8 weeks after the low-calorie diet, but these effects were nullified during the weight-maintenance diets period.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joana M. Correia, Ines Santos, Pedro Pezarat-Correia, Analiza M. Silva, Goncalo V. Mendonca
Summary: The study found that non-Ramadan intermittent fasting can effectively reduce body weight, body mass index, and absolute fat mass, while Ramadan intermittent fasting, despite being accompanied by dehydration, can also effectively reduce body weight and relative fat mass. Overall, non-Ramadan intermittent fasting appears to be more effective in improving overall body composition.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ivan Ozvald, Dragan Bozicevic, Lidija Duh, Ivana Vinkovic Vrcek, Ivan Pavicic, Ana-Marija Domijan, Mirta Milic
Summary: The study evaluated severely obese patients after a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) and found that VLCDs can decrease weight, improve lipid profiles, and reduce DNA damage, providing a basis for individualized monitoring and treatment.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Enric Sanchez, Maria-Dolores Santos, Maitane Nunez-Garcia, Marta Bueno, Ignacio Sajoux, Andree Yeramian, Albert Lecube
Summary: Weight loss after bariatric surgery can reduce the expansion of the adventitial vasa vasorum (VV), but the effect of very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) on VV and lipid-based atherogenic indices is unclear. A 6-month VLCKD intervention in moderately obese individuals led to significant improvements in BMI, total body fat, and quality of life, as well as decreases in atherogenic plasma index and sICAM-1 serum concentration. While VV density did not change significantly, VLCKD induced changes in markers of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alyssa Imbert, Nathalie Vialaneix, Julien Marquis, Julie Vion, Aline Charpagne, Sylviane Metairon, Claire Laurens, Cedric Moro, Nathalie Boulet, Ondine Walter, Gregory Lefebvre, Jorg Hager, Dominique Langin, Wim H. M. Saris, Arne Astrup, Nathalie Viguerie, Armand Valsesia
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between changes in bioclinical parameters and gene expression in adipose tissue during a weight loss intervention. The results revealed that changes in body mass index were associated with changes in the expression of genes related to inflammatory response. Additionally, several genes specific to macrophages were found to be connected to changes in GDF15 expression throughout the dietary intervention.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jia Sun, Yuting Ruan, Ningning Xu, Peili Wu, Nie Lin, Kun Yuan, Shengli An, Pei Kang, Shu Li, Qiya Huang, Yuzhong Yingzhang, Yuzhong Li, Jialin Su, Wenjun Ma, Bo Chen, Xiuwei Zhang, Xiaoming Chen, Yongqian Liang, Zeyuan Lu, Guobao Deng, Zhen Zhang, Yuqin Wang, Weiheng Wen, Huijie Zhang, Hong Chen
Summary: A 12-week randomized trial compared the effects of low-carbohydrate (LC) and calorie-restricted (CR) diets on weight loss and metabolic risk factors. The combination of restricting carbohydrate and total calorie intake was more effective in reducing BMI, body weight, and metabolic risk factors than LC or CR diet alone.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anjali Kashyap, Alexander Mackay, Ben Carter, Claire L. Fyfe, Alexandra M. Johnstone, Phyo K. Myint
Summary: Vegan diets do not have a significant impact on weight and glycemic control, but they can significantly lower LDL cholesterol. Low-calorie diets have a significant improvement in glycemic control and are beneficial for weight loss and improvement in anthropometric markers.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mari Naatanen, Anna Karlund, Santtu Mikkonen, Anton Klavus, Otto Savolainen, Marko Lehtonen, Leila Karhunen, Kati Hanhineva, Marjukka Kolehmainen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of two isocaloric 24-week weight maintenance diets on metabolism and identified metabolite features associated with successful weight loss maintenance. It was found that the dietary fiber, protein, and fat content of the diet influenced amino acid and lipid metabolism, and increased abundance of certain phospholipids and free fatty acids was associated with better weight loss maintenance.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katie L. Whytock, Karen D. Corbin, Stephanie A. Parsons, Alok Pachori, Christopher P. Bock, Karen P. Jones, Joshua S. Smith, Fanchao Yi, Hui Xie, Christopher J. Petucci, Stephen J. Gardell, Steven R. Smith
Summary: This study revealed that some overweight/obese individuals may experience significant metabolic adaptation after a 28-day low-calorie diet, along with impaired fat oxidation. Weight loss success was associated with the accumulation of specific metabolites.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jordan Losavio, Michael J. Keenan, Elizabeth A. Gollub, Heidi J. Silver
Summary: The aim of this study is to identify factors that predict weight loss success for diet interventions that vary by macronutrient and caloric composition. Completion of the intervention was found to be the most robust predictor of weight loss success, and other factors included age, physical activity level, blood leptin level, blood pressure, and the amount of weight loss occurring. Differences in cardiometabolic risk factor reduction were observed among different diet types. These findings provide evidence for more precise and personalized approaches to diet intervention for weight loss and cardiometabolic health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tyler McKechnie, Yung Lee, Joanna Dionne, Aristithes Doumouras, Sameer Parpia, Mohit Bhandari, Cagla Eskicioglu
Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare the postoperative morbidity of patients receiving preoperative VLEDs with liquid formulation to those receiving a non-VLED control prior to bariatric surgery. The results showed that patients receiving VLED experienced significantly more preoperative weight loss, but there was a non-significant reduction in 30-day postoperative morbidity. The impact of preoperative VLEDs on postoperative outcomes remains unclear and further trials are required.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Yazmin Johari, Gillian Lim, Anagi Wickremasinghe, Helen Yue, Jarrel Seah, Geraldine Ooi, Julie Playfair, Cheryl Laurie, Paul Beech, Kenneth Yap, Geoff Hebbard, Wendy Brown, Paul Burton
Summary: The study evaluated the mechanisms associated with reflux events after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The results showed a strong association between reflux and SG, and identified three unique categories of reflux. The study also found that elevated gastro-esophageal pressure gradient was the main mechanism of reflux.
Article
Surgery
Yazmin Johari, William Catchlove, Madeleine Tse, Kalai Shaw, Eldho Paul, Richard Chen, Damien Loh, Andrew Packiyanathan, Paul Burton, Peter Nottle, Samantha Ellis, Wendy Brown
Summary: In this study, a classification system based on CT findings was developed to predict the outcomes of sleeve gastrectomy leaks. The system showed good agreement and could help guide patient management and interventions.
Article
Surgery
Wendy A. Brown, Guillermo Ponce de Leon Ballesteros, Geraldine Ooi, Kelvin Higa, Jacques Himpens, Antonio Torres, Scott Shikora, Lilian Kow, Miguel F. Herrera
Summary: The International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) has published a position paper on the SADI-S/OADS procedure, highlighting its potential as a safe and effective treatment for adiposity and related diseases while also calling for more long-term data and high-level evidence. They emphasize the importance of long-term multidisciplinary care for patients, patient registration in national registries, and more randomized controlled trials involving the procedure.
Article
Surgery
Oliver M. Fisher, Daniel L. Chan, Michael L. Talbot, Almino Ramos, Ahmad Bashir, Miguel F. Herrera, Jacques Himpens, Scott Shikora, Kelvin D. Higa, Lilian Kow, Wendy A. Brown
Summary: The IFSO commissioned a task force to study the incidence of Barrett's esophagus in BMS patients, the frequency of development post-BMS, and the potential regression of Barrett's esophagus post-BMS. A position statement was developed based on these findings for the management of this pathology.
Article
Oncology
Lisa C. Murnane, Adrienne K. Forsyth, Jim Koukounaras, Charles HC. Pilgrim, Kalai Shaw, Wendy A. Brown, Marina Mourtzakis, Audrey C. Tierney, Paul R. Burton
Summary: Myosteatosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of overall and severe complications as well as substantially reduced long-term survival. Assessment of muscle attenuation provides analysis beyond standard anthropometrics and may form part of preoperative physiological staging tools used to improve surgical outcomes.
Article
Surgery
Richard Welbourn, Marianne Hollyman, Robin Kinsman, John Dixon, Ricardo Cohen, John Morton, Amir Ghaferi, Kelvin Higa, Johan Ottosson, Francois Pattou, Salman Al-Sabah, Merhan Anvari, Jacques Himpens, Ronald Liem, Villy Vage, Peter Walton, Wendy Brown, Lilian Kow
Summary: International comparative practice of bariatric-metabolic surgeries for T2DM patients is not well understood. Older men with higher rates of BMI <35 kg/m2 have an increased likelihood of having T2DM and undergoing food rerouting operations.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jacqueline Bayliss, Geraldine J. Ooi, William De Nardo, Yazmin Johari Halim Shah, Magdalene K. Montgomery, Catriona McLean, William Kemp, Stuart K. Roberts, Wendy A. Brown, Paul R. Burton, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: The study found that plasma EDA is increased in NAFL and NASH, is related to worsening steatosis and fibrosis, but is not a reliable biomarker for NASH. Additionally, circulating EDA is not associated with insulin resistance in human obesity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Surgery
Tze Wei Wilson Yang, Andrew Packiyanathan, Peter Tagkalidis, Catriona McLean, Wendy Brown
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Jennifer R. Reilly, Carolyn Deng, Wendy A. Brown, Dianne Brown, Belinda J. Gabbe, Carol L. Hodgson, Paul S. Myles
Summary: In Australia, there is a need to improve the utilization of perioperative electronic medical record data. Establishing a national perioperative outcomes registry can help address the gap in data utilization and facilitate multicenter research and quality assurance.
ANAESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Wendy A. Brown, Susannah Ahern, Andrew D. MacCormick, Jennifer R. Reilly, Julian A. Smith, David A. Watters
Summary: Clinical quality registries (CQRs) are tools that systematically collect data to assess the quality of care. Despite successful examples in Australia and New Zealand, there are still significant barriers to the implementation and function of CQRs, including challenges in data capture, ethical review, and funding.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
William Catchlove, Yazmin Johari, Edward Forrest, Amos Au, Kalai Shaw, Peter Nottle, Samantha Ellis, Wendy A. Brown, Paul Burton
Summary: This study compared the treatment methods for sleeve gastrectomy leaks and found no significant difference in outcomes between intraluminal occlusion and repeated debridement. The initial radiologic appearance was predictive of length of stay and complication severity.
SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Jennifer Richelle Reilly, Darren Wong, Wendy Ann Brown, Belinda Jane Gabbe, Paul Stewart Myles
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the external validity of Surgical Outcome Risk Tool (SORT) in predicting in-hospital mortality in the Australian context. The results showed that SORT may significantly under-predict 30-day mortality in a dataset with low perioperative mortality rate.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Henry Richard Edward Drysdale, David Allan Watters, Yit Leang, Benjamin N. J. Thomson, Wendy Ann Brown, Andrew Wilson, Victorian Surgical Directors Grp
Summary: Victoria experienced three major waves of COVID-19, with Melbourne being locked down for 267 days. The state implemented strict social restrictions, contact tracing, furlough, escalating PPE guidance, and respiratory protection measures, which effectively reduced healthcare worker infections.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Chiara Chadwick, Paul R. R. Burton, Dianne Brown, Jennifer F. F. Holland, Angus Campbell, Jenifer Cottrell, Jennifer Reilly, Andrew D. D. MacCormick, Ian Caterson, Wendy A. A. Brown
Summary: This study aimed to define the expected average length of stay (ALOS) of bariatric surgery in Australia and to identify factors that influence ALOS. The study found that increased patient age, diabetes, rural living, procedural complications, and surgeon and hospital case volume all contributed to a small increase in ALOS following bariatric surgery.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Stephen W. Bell, Joseph C. H. Kong, David A. Clark, Peter Carne, Stewart Skinner, Stephen Pillinger, Paul Burton, Wendy Brown
Summary: This study evaluated the NASA Task Load Index (TLX) as an objective measure of technical difficulty of an operation. The results showed that the NASA TLX score correlated significantly with operative duration, blood loss, previous abdominal surgery, and the surgeon's assessment of difficulty. This tool could be used in research and teaching settings to assess surgical difficulty and monitor a trainee's proficiency over time.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)