Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chun-De Liao, Shih-Wei Huang, Hung-Chou Chen, Yu-Yun Huang, Tsan-Hon Liou, Che-Li Lin
Summary: This study investigated the treatment efficiency of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise training on walking speed recovery in older adults with knee osteoarthritis and sarcopenia. The results showed that the combination of protein supplementation and resistance exercise training was more effective in promoting walking speed recovery.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Edward S. Bliss, Rachel H. X. Wong, Peter R. C. Howe, Dean E. Mills
Summary: Cerebrovascular function and cognition decline with age and are exacerbated by obesity and physical inactivity. Aerobic exercise training can improve cerebrovascular function and cognition, and there is a dose-response relationship between the number of exercise sessions and cerebrovascular responsiveness to cognitive stimuli.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Vincent Marcangeli, Layale Youssef, Maude Dulac, Livia P. Carvalho, Guy Hajj-Boutros, Olivier Reynaud, Benedicte Guegan, Fanny Buckinx, Pierrette Gaudreau, Jose A. Morais, Pascale Mauriege, Philippe Noirez, Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre, Gilles Gouspillou
Summary: The study found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is beneficial for obese older adults, improving muscle function, functional capacities, body composition, and waist circumference. Adding citrulline (CIT) further enhances muscle strength and significantly reduces fat mass. HIIT also increases markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, and mitophagy.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tina E. Brinkley, Iris Leng, Margie J. Bailey, Denise K. Houston, Christina E. Hugenschmidt, Barbara J. Nicklas, W. Gregory Hundley
Summary: Combining aerobic exercise with moderate caloric restriction leads to greater improvements in proximal aortic stiffness in older adults with obesity than exercise alone.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Julia Loewenthal, Kim E. Innes, Margalit Mitzner, Carol Mita, Ariela R. Orkaby
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effect of yoga-based interventions on frailty in older adults. The findings indicate that compared to education or inactive control, yoga has a moderate-certainty effect in improving gait speed and lower-extremity strength and endurance in older adults. There is low-certainty evidence for its effect on balance and multicomponent physical function measures, and very low-certainty evidence for handgrip strength.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sina Mehdizadeh, Hoda Nabavi, Andrea Sabo, Twinkle Arora, Andrea Iaboni, Babak Taati
Summary: This study introduces a database of older adults' gait data, analyzes it using various human pose tracking models, and concludes that temporal gait variables have high correlations with clinical scores.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paulo H. C. Mesquita, Donald A. Lamb, Joshua S. Godwin, Shelby C. Osburn, Bradley A. Ruple, Johnathon H. Moore, Christopher G. Vann, Kevin W. Huggins, Andrew D. Fruge, Kaelin C. Young, Andreas N. Kavazis, Michael D. Roberts
Summary: The study found that 6 weeks of resistance training reduced oxidative damage and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in skeletal muscle of older adults. The responses of older adults to resistance training involve multi-level control (transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational) of the redox status of skeletal muscle.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah Hubner, Julie Blaskewicz Boron, Karsten Koehler
Summary: This systematic review examined the impact of exercise on appetite in older adults, finding that exercise and physical activity may modulate resting hunger and satiety in this population. Decreases in fasting leptin and glucose hormones suggest that exercise promotes satiety sensitivity in adults aged 60+. The findings suggest that engaging in exercise programs may provide a meaningful avenue for improving chronic and functional disease burden in later life by promoting appetite control and balanced energy intake.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hiroki Tabata, Hikaru Otsuka, Huicong Shi, Mari Sugimoto, Hideyoshi Kaga, Yuki Someya, Hitoshi Naito, Naoaki Ito, Abulaiti Abudurezake, Futaba Umemura, Mai Kiya, Tsubasa Tajima, Saori Kakehi, Yasuyo Yoshizawa, Ryuzo Kawamori, Hirotaka Watada, Yoshifumi Tamura
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between exercise habits in adolescence and older age and sarcopenia in older Japanese adults. The results showed that men with exercise habits in both periods had a lower risk of sarcopenia, low muscle mass, and low muscle performance, while women had a lower risk of low muscle performance.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Wei Gao, Moran Lv, Tao Huang
Summary: This study used network meta-analysis to explore the effect of different types of exercise on hypertension in middle-aged and older adults. The results showed that aerobic exercise and static exercise have a significant effect on the improvement of systolic blood pressure, but the effect on diastolic blood pressure is not significant.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Judy Pa, Vahan Aslanyan, Kaitlin B. Casaletto, Miguel Arce Renteria, Amal Harrati, Sarah E. Tom, Nicole Armstrong, Kumar Rajan, Justina Avila-Rieger, Yian Gu, Nicole Schupf, Jennifer J. Manly, Adam Brickman, Laura Zahodne
Summary: This study found that the associations of self-reported physical and cognitive activities with cognitive reserve are more pronounced in women, although APOE4 attenuates these associations. Future studies are needed to understand the causal relationship among sex, lifestyle activities, and genetic factors on cognitive reserve in older adults to best understand which lifestyle activities may be most beneficial and for whom.
Article
Neuroimaging
Naiara Demnitz, Afroditi Stathi, Janet Withall, Candida Stainer, Poppy Seager, Jolanthe De Koning, Patrick Esser, Thomas Wassenaar, Helen Dawes, Jonathan Brooks, Klaus P. Ebmeier, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Claire E. Sexton
Summary: This study found that a community-based physical activity intervention can significantly delay hippocampal atrophy in older adults. However, no positive effects of the intervention were found on cognition.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2022)
Review
Biology
Brandon G. Fico, Arun Maharaj, Gabriel S. Pena, Chun-Jung Huang
Summary: Our aging population and the increasing prevalence of obesity have become a significant health issue as they contribute to the development of related diseases. This review explores the interaction and impact of obesity and aging on inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neurobiological processes. It emphasizes the role of exercise in mediating these effects in older adults.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peter Ladlow, Max J. Western, Colin J. Greaves, Janice L. Thompson, Janet Withall, Jolanthe de Koning, Jessica C. Bollen, Sarah J. Moorlock, Jack M. Guralnik, Kenneth R. Fox, Afroditi Stathi
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of the REACT exercise intervention in improving physical function in older adults. The intervention group showed significant improvements in strength and balance at 12-months, but not in gait speed. Additionally, the intervention group reported significant improvements in mobility assessment, physical component scores, and subjective physical activity.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Andrew Haynes, Louise H. Naylor, Angela L. Spence, Elisa Robey, Kay L. Cox, Barbara A. Maslen, Nicola T. Lautenschlager, Howard H. Carter, Philip N. Ainslie, Daniel J. Green
Summary: This study compared the effects of land walking and water walking on improving arterial endothelial function in older sedentary individuals, finding that land walking training may be superior to water walking in enhancing endothelial function.
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jaime L. Speiser, Kathryn E. Callahan, Edward H. Ip, Michael E. Miller, Janet A. Tooze, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Denise K. Houston
Summary: Mobility limitation is common in older adults and can lead to poor health outcomes. This study developed machine learning models using repeated measures data to predict future mobility limitation, with predictors such as ease of getting up from a chair, gait speed, self-reported health status, body mass index, and depression being the most important factors. The models showed good performance in identifying at-risk older adults, highlighting the potential utility of such prediction models in clinical settings for interventions to prevent or delay mobility limitation.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mark A. Espeland, Jamie Nicole Justice, Judy Bahnson, Joni K. Evans, Medha Munshi, Kathleen M. Hayden, Felicia R. Simpson, Karen C. Johnson, Craig Johnston, Stephen R. Kritchevsky
Summary: Multimorbidity and frailty indices can predict subsequent decline in cognitive and physical function, as well as increased risk of mortality. Accelerated biological aging is captured by these indices. Whether intensive lifestyle interventions targeting these indices can reduce risks for downstream outcomes remains to be seen.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ka Ki Tse, Rebecca H. Neiberg, Daniel P. Beavers, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Barbara J. Nicklas, Dalane W. Kitzman, W. Jack Rejeski, Stephen P. Messier, Kristen M. Beavers
Summary: This study examined whether select baseline characteristics influenced the likelihood of an overweight/obese, older adult experiencing a clinically meaningful gait speed response to caloric restriction. The results showed that there was a similar proportion of individuals experiencing a clinically meaningful gait speed change between the caloric restriction and non-caloric restriction groups.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Edward H. Ip, Shyh-Huei Chen, W. Jack Rejeski, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Kathleen M. Hayden, Christina E. Hugenschmidt, June Pierce, Michael E. Miller, Jaime L. Speiser, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Denise K. Houston, Robert L. Newton, Stephen R. Rapp, Dalane W. Kitzman
Summary: Gait speed and global cognition decline with age, and rates of decline are informative of future functional status. Sex and race moderate the rate of decline, which is important for intervention studies.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Karen Sugden, Avshalom Caspi, Maxwell L. Elliott, Kyle J. Bourassa, Kartik Chamarti, David L. Corcoran, Ahmad R. Hariri, Renate M. Houts, Meeraj Kothari, Stephen Kritchevsky, George A. Kuchel, Jonathan S. Mill, Benjamin S. Williams, Daniel W. Belsky, Terrie E. Moffitt
Summary: This study reveals the association between blood-based DNA methylation algorithms and cognitive impairment and dementia. Different generations of DNA methylation age algorithms have varying degrees of association with cognitive impairment, with the third generation DunedinPACE algorithm showing the strongest correlation in evaluating clinical diagnosis, screening tests, and cognitive tests. A longitudinal analysis in the FHS Offspring Cohort confirms the association between faster pace of aging as measured by DunedinPACE and the risk of developing dementia.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
A. R. M. Saifuddin Ekram, Joanne Ryan, Sara E. Espinoza, Anne B. B. Newman, Anne M. M. Murray, Suzanne G. Orchard, Sharyn M. Fitzgerald, John J. J. McNeil, Michael E. Ernst, Robyn L. Woods
Summary: This study examined the relationship between physical frailty and healthy community-dwelling older adults and explored the impact of frailty on disability-free survival. The results showed that frailty is common among older adults and is associated with factors such as age, waist circumference, education, and ethnicity. Frailty significantly reduces disability-free survival and addressing modifiable correlates such as depression and polypharmacy may help mitigate its adverse effects.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kyle D. Moored, Yujia (Susanna) Qiao, Andrea L. Rosso, Frederico G. S. Toledo, Peggy M. Cawthon, Steven R. Cummings, Bret H. Goodpaster, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Nancy W. Glynn
Summary: Cardiorespiratory fitness and perceived fatigability are associated with life-space mobility in older adults. Higher fitness levels are associated with greater life-space, but the association plateaus at higher fitness levels. Individuals with higher fatigability are more likely to have lower life-space mobility, especially due to physical fatigability.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Anne B. Newman, Sheena Patel, Jorge R. Kizer, Se-Jin Lee, Shalinder Bhasin, Peggy Cawthon, Nathan LeBrasseur, Russel P. Tracy, Peter Ganz, Steven R. Cummings
Summary: Studies using heterochronic parabiosis have found that circulating factors play a role in brain aging in animal models. In this study, the levels of GDF-11, GDF-8, and follistatin were evaluated and their associations with cognitive function, brain MRI findings, and incident dementia were assessed. The results showed that these factors were not significantly correlated with cognitive outcomes or dementia in older adults.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Gerontology
Jaime M. Hughes, Rebecca T. Brown, Jason Fanning, Minakshi Raj, Alycia N. S. Bisson, Mira Ghneim, Stephen B. Kritchevsky
Summary: Modifying unhealthy behaviors and/or environments can improve or maintain the health of older adults, but achieving and sustaining behavior change is challenging and involves various domains such as clinical, social, psychological, and political factors. The National Institute on Ageing (NIA) Research Centers Collaborative Network (RCCN) organized a two-day workshop to emphasize the multidisciplinary nature of behavior change in older adults. The workshop focused on the individual, community, and systems-level determinants of behavior change and discussed future research, education, and training opportunities for the six NIA research centers.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Atalie C. Thompson, Haiying Chen, Michael E. Miller, Christopher C. Webb, Jeff D. Williamson, Anthony P. Marsh, Christina E. Hugenschmidt, Laura D. Baker, Paul J. Laurienti, Stephen B. Kritchevsky
Summary: This study found that contrast sensitivity is associated with lower extremity physical function in cognitively intact older adults. Lower contrast sensitivity is significantly related to worse performance on physical performance tests, such as gait speed, narrow walking speed, and balance. The relationship between contrast sensitivity and postural sway is influenced by the surface condition, and the effect of contrast sensitivity on gait velocity is greater during fast pace compared to usual pace.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Brendan L. McNeish, Iva Miljkovic, Xiaonan Zhu, Peggy M. Cawthon, Anne B. Newman, Bret Goodpaster, Kristine Yaffe, Caterina Rosano
Summary: This study found a positive association between serum myostatin levels and the amyloid burden in Alzheimer's disease. The association was significant in white men and women, but not in black men or women. Further investigation is needed to understand the role of myostatin in AD pathogenesis and its influence on different racial groups.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Peggy M. Cawthon, Sheena Patel, Anne B. Newman, Shalender Bhasin, Liming Peng, Russell P. Tracy, Jorge R. Kizer, Se-Jin Lee, Luigi Ferrucci, Peter Ganz, Nathan K. LeBrasseur, Steven R. Cummings
Summary: Based on studies from animal models, growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF-11) may have rejuvenating effects in humans. GDF-11 has high sequence homology with GDF-8, and follistatin and follistatin-like protein-3 (FSTL-3) are inhibitory proteins of both GDF-8 and GDF-11. In two prospective cohort studies of older adults, it was found that GDF-8 levels were positively associated with muscle size and strength, while GDF-11 was not significantly associated with strength or performance. This suggests that GDF-8 and its binding proteins may play a role in counteracting age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Shivani Sahni, Alyssa B. Dufour, Na Wang, Douglas P. Kiel, Marian T. Hannan, Paul F. Jacques, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Joanne M. Murabito, Anne B. Newman, Roger A. Fielding, Gary F. Mitchell, Naomi M. Hamburg
Summary: This study examined the association between vascular health measures and grip strength and gait speed. The cross-sectional analysis showed a positive association between resting brachial artery diameter and grip strength, as well as between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and grip strength. The longitudinal analysis revealed a significant association between brachial pulse pressure and slower gait speed, but no association with grip strength.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jamie N. Justice, Xiaoyan Leng, Nathan K. Lebrasseur, Tamara Tchkonia, James L. Kirkland, Natalia Mitin, Yongmei Liu, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Barbara J. Nicklas, Jingzhong Ding
Summary: Cellular senescence is an aging process exacerbated by obesity and linked to inflammation and chronic diseases. Caloric restriction may improve metabolism by reducing cellular senescence and inflammation. This randomized controlled trial showed that caloric restriction intervention altered specific circulating biomarkers of cellular senescence in middle-aged and older adults with obesity and prediabetes.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kathryn M. Ross, Lu You, Peihua Qiu, Meena N. Shankar, Taylor N. Swanson, Jaime Ruiz, Lisa Anthony, Michael G. Perri
Summary: The objective of this study was to develop a predictive algorithm for identifying high-risk periods for weight regain after weight loss. The algorithm was developed using longitudinal mixed-effects models and random forest regression, based on weekly questionnaire and self-monitoring data collected from 46 adults over a period of 40 weeks. The algorithm was evaluated in two separate studies and showed promising results in predicting weight regain on a weekly basis.