Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jaroslaw Kwiecien, Weronika Hajzler, Klaudia Kosek, Sylwia Balcerowicz, Dominika Grzanka, Weronika Gosciniak, Katarzyna Gorowska-Kowolik
Summary: The study suggests that in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders, positive fructose hydrogen breath tests (HBTs) may be attributed to their younger age rather than any specific clinical features of the disease.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paolo Usai-Satta, Francesco Oppia, Mariantonia Lai, Francesco Cabras
Summary: This study examines the utility of hydrogen breath testing (BT) in the diagnosis of carbohydrate malabsorption, finding that lactose BT has good sensitivity and specificity for lactose malabsorption, while dose-dependent fructose and sorbitol malabsorption do not show diagnostic advantage compared to dietary intervention.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dennis Poon, Graham R. Law, Giles Major, H. Jervoise N. Andreyev
Summary: Treatable gastrointestinal disorders may be overlooked in patients with symptoms typical for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Prevalence rates of various gastrointestinal conditions were assessed in consecutive patients meeting diagnostic criteria for IBS, including bile acid diarrhea, carbohydrate malabsorption, microscopic colitis, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The rates of these conditions were significantly higher than in healthy controls, suggesting that a significant proportion of patients with IBS may have an underlying organic condition explaining their symptoms.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Karin Hammer, Hana Hasanagic, Nima Memaran, Wolf-Dietrich Huber, Johann Hammer
Summary: This study evaluated the relevance of methane/CO2 measurements for the diagnosis of paediatric carbohydrate malabsorption. The findings suggest that methane measurement did not significantly affect the detection rate of malabsorbers in children/adolescents with functional abdominal complaints when established cut-offs are used. The use of CO2 correction altered the diagnosis in a minority of patients but did not significantly change overall test results.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGY AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ulf Helwig, Anna K. Koch, Christoph Reichel, Petra Jessen, Juergen Buening, Stefan Schreiber, Jost Langhorst
Summary: Patients with IBD do not have a higher prevalence of fructose malabsorption compared to healthy controls, but they do experience more frequent symptoms related to their condition. This may have implications for pathological understanding and treatment approaches.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuanlong Hou, Wei Wei, Xiaojing Guan, Yali Liu, Gaorui Bian, Dandan He, Qilin Fan, Xiaoying Cai, Youying Zhang, Guangji Wang, Xiao Zheng, Haiping Hao
Summary: The study shows that dietary raffinose metabolism to fructose couples stress-induced gut microbial remodeling to intestinal stem cell renewal and epithelial homeostasis. Dietary impact on stress and gut microbial structure and epithelial integrity could be exploited to alleviate gut disorders. Dietary modulation of microbial metabolism shapes intestinal stem cell turnover, highlighting the interplay between diet, stress, and gut health.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fernando Fernandez-Banares
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advances in the possible role of carbohydrate maldigestion and dietary outcomes in patients with functional bowel disease. It found that there are no differences in the frequency of sugar malabsorption between patients with irritable bowel disease (IBS) and healthy controls, but the severity of symptoms after a sugar challenge is higher in patients. A low FODMAP diet is an effective treatment for global symptoms and abdominal pain in IBS.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sami Ayari, Eva Gil-Iturbe, Lea le Gleau, Celine Osinski, Nathalie Kapel, Hedi Antoine Soula, Armelle Leturque, Fabrizio Andreelli, Karine Clement, Patricia Serradas, Agnes Ribeiro
Summary: Changes in dietary habits are associated with the rise of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The loss of HNF-4γ in the intestine leads to protection against diet-induced weight gain and deregulated glucose homeostasis, associated with lipid malabsorption.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Irina Taneva, Dorothee Grumann, Dietmar Schmidt, Elina Taneva, Ulrike von Arnim, Thomas Ansorge, Thomas Wex
Summary: This study investigated the contribution of gene variants to acquired fructose malabsorption and found that gene variants in the coding exons, adjacent intronic regions, and proximal promoter region of the SLC2A5 gene are unlikely to be associated with the genetic predisposition to this condition.
BMC GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Piero Vernia, Monica Cesarini, Aurora de Carolis, Filippo Vernia
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of early hydrogen peaks during lactose breath tests and the proportion of patients affected by SIBO. The results showed that early hydrogen peaks are rarely associated with SIBO, and the finding does not help identifying high-risk patients for this condition.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Patrizia Buck, Miriam Goebel-Stengel, Isabelle Mack, Stephan Zipfel, Andreas Stengel
Summary: In patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), gastrointestinal symptoms caused by intolerance to common sugars may be an underestimated burden and should be considered in diagnosis and treatment. These symptoms appear to develop with decreasing body weight and may be reversible with weight regain.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nawaf W. W. Alruwaili, Fahad Alshdayed
Summary: Glucose-galactose malabsorption is a rare genetic defect caused by a mutation in the SGLT-1 gene, leading to altered transportation and absorption of glucose and galactose in the intestine. This study aims to investigate published studies on congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption and fructose malabsorption. Thirteen studies were reviewed, showing the potential health effects and complications of high fructose consumption, but none specifically discussed the side effects in patients with glucose-galactose malabsorption who rely on fructose as their primary carbohydrate source.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Heinz F. Hammer, Mark R. Fox, Jutta Keller, Silvia Salvatore, Guido Basilisco, Johann Hammer, Loris Lopetuso, Marc Benninga, Osvaldo Borrelli, Dan Dumitrascu, Bruno Hauser, Laszlo Herszenyi, Radislav Nakov, Daniel Pohl, Nikhil Thapar, Marc Sonyi
Summary: This clinical practice guideline on H2-CH4-breath tests was developed based on consensus among experts from multiple European countries. It incorporates new insights into the role of symptom assessment in diagnosing carbohydrate intolerance and highlights confounding factors associated with the interpretation of breath tests for different indications. The guideline aims to harmonize diagnostic approaches in gastroenterology practice across Europe and identifies areas for future research on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
UNITED EUROPEAN GASTROENTEROLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jinsun Jang, Soonjae Hwang, Ah-Reum Oh, Sohyeon Park, Uzma Yaseen, Jae Gon Kim, Sangbin Park, YunJae Jung, Ji-Young Cha
Summary: This study investigates the immunological mechanisms of fructose malabsorption-induced gastrointestinal symptoms. Chrebp-knockout mice fed a high-fructose diet showed diarrhea, altered intestinal immune responses, and disrupted gut microbiota composition. Antibiotics improved diarrhea-associated stool parameters and restored the decreased IgA synthesis induced by HFrD-fed Chrebp-KO mice.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wolfgang J. Schnedl, Harald Mangge, Michael Schenk, Dietmar Enko
Summary: This study investigated 20 non-responsive, celiac disease patients with refractory symptoms for more than 6 months, and found that the majority of them had additional food intolerances/malabsorption and/or H.p. infection. Histamine intolerance was prevalent in over 50% of the patients, suggesting its importance in non-responsive celiac disease.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Joanna Lazniewska, Jack R. T. Darby, Stacey L. Holman, Alexandra Sorvina, Sally E. Plush, Massimiliano Massi, Doug A. Brooks, Janna L. Morrison
Summary: The study utilized two sheep models of IUGR to determine the metabolic effects of growth restriction on foetal perirenal adipose tissue. The results showed that PAT of IUGR foetuses exhibited higher metabolic activity and adaptive changes, which may be protective in response to the insult of IUGR.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ali K. Alshabrawy, Amanda Bergamin, Deepti K. Sharma, Shane M. Hickey, Doug A. Brooks, Peter O'Loughlin, Michael D. Wiese, Paul H. Anderson
Summary: LC-MS/MS method has been developed for simultaneous quantification of three vitamin D metabolites in human serum with satisfactory accuracy and precision. The method showed good stability and compared systematically with other quantitative methods with some differences.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Joanna Lazniewska, Mark Agostino, Shane M. Hickey, Emma Parkinson-Lawrence, Stefano Stagni, Massimiliano Massi, Douglas A. Brooks, Sally E. Plush
Summary: This study investigated the interaction between Re(I) complexes and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using spectroscopic measurements, thermodynamic calculations, and molecular modeling. The results suggest that subtle functional group alterations at the terminal region of the Re(I) complex have a significant impact on their ability to interact with BSA. The findings provide a basis for further molecular interaction studies using Re(I) complexes as ligands.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mark P. Ward, Laura E. Kane, Lucy A. Norris, Bashir M. Mohamed, Tanya Kelly, Mark Bates, Andres Clarke, Nathan Brady, Cara M. Martin, Robert D. Brooks, Doug A. Brooks, Stavros Selemidis, Sean Hanniffy, Eric P. Dixon, Sharon A. O'Toole, John J. O'Leary
Summary: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that have unique characteristics allowing them to survive in the circulation, extravasate, and metastasize. Their interactions with components of the blood circulatory system influence their physical characteristics and metastatic capabilities, providing critical diagnostic and prognostic value in clinical settings. Platelets play a crucial role in the formation of metastatic niches and interact with CTCs to influence their fate, demonstrating potential for therapeutic disruption and targeted treatments in advanced cancers.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Todd A. Gillam, Chiara Caporale, Robert D. Brooks, Christie A. Bader, Alexandra Sorvina, Melissa Werrett, Phillip J. Wright, Janna L. Morrison, Massimiliano Massi, Doug A. Brooks, Stefano Zacchini, Shane M. Hickey, Stefano Stagni, Sally E. Plush
Summary: Luminescent metal complexes are valuable for cell imaging agents. Neutral Re(I) complexes offer a more attractive platform for the development of bioconjugated imaging agents. These neutral complexes have localized within the endosomal/lysosomal network, demonstrating their utility in developing bioconjugated cell imaging agents.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Catherine G. Dimasi, Joanna Lazniewska, Sally E. Plush, Brahmdeep S. Saini, Stacey L. Holman, Steven K. S. Cho, Michael D. Wiese, Alexandra Sorvina, Christopher K. Macgowan, Mike Seed, Doug A. Brooks, Janna L. Morrison, Jack R. T. Darby
Summary: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can result in altered cardiac metabolism and function, potentially increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Research using two imaging modalities in a sheep model of IUGR found that IUGR fetuses showed reduced reliance on glycolysis for ATP production and a positive correlation between left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) and redox ratio. These findings suggest that altered heart metabolism in IUGR fetuses may lead to reduced cardiac output and poor cardiac outcomes in adulthood.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jessica M. Logan, Doug A. Brooks, Andrew Rowland, Michael J. Sorich, Ashley M. Hopkins
Summary: The study found a significant association between early rash after initiation of afatinib and improved overall survival (OS), indicating that rash may be a surrogate marker for patients likely to achieve long-term survival. Additionally, early diarrhea was significantly associated with improved progression free survival (PFS).
JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Lauren A. Thurgood, Oliver G. Best, Ashley Rowland, Karen M. Lower, Doug A. Brooks, Bryone J. Kuss
Summary: Many cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), show low glucose uptake and high uptake of medium- and long-chain fatty acids (FAs). The differential FA uptake is observed in CLL patients with different immunoglobulin heavy variable chain usage (IGHV). Inhibition of FA uptake reduces the proliferation and viability of CLL cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach.
EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Wen Qi Zhang, Alexandra Sorvina, Janna L. Morrison, Jack R. T. Darby, Doug A. Brooks, Sally E. Plush, Shahraam Afshar Vahid
Summary: This study developed a fiber-optic system and two mathematical models for real-time measurement of redox ratios in cells and tissues, which were directly correlated with endogenous fluorescence signals. The results demonstrated the potential application of this system in defining different metabolic disease states.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Cathy D. Spillane, Niamh M. Cooke, Mark P. Ward, Dermot Kenny, Gordon Blackshields, Tanya Kelly, Mark Bates, Yanmei Huang, Cara Martin, Sinead Skehan, Aoife Canney, Michael Gallagher, Paul Smyth, Nathan Brady, Andres Clarke, Bashir Mohamed, Lucy Norris, Doug A. Brooks, Robert D. Brooks, Jessica K. Heatlie, Stavros Selemidis, Sean Hanniffy, Eric Dixon, Orla Sheils, Sharon A. O'Toole, John J. O'Leary
Summary: This study reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between tumor cells and platelets, identifying 5 key genes that play crucial roles in metastasis. These findings provide important insights for further improving cancer patient outcomes by targeting these metastasis mediators.
TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Shane M. Hickey, Ben Ung, Christie Bader, Robert Brooks, Joanna Lazniewska, Ian R. D. Johnson, Alexandra Sorvina, Jessica Logan, Carmela Martini, Courtney R. Moore, Litsa Karageorgos, Martin J. Sweetman, Douglas A. Brooks
Summary: This review discusses three fundamental considerations when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments and provides practical guidance to help researchers obtain high-quality cellular images.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Eunice E. To, Jonathan R. Erlich, Felicia Liong, Stella Liong, Raymond Luong, Osezua Oseghale, Mark A. Miles, Paris C. Papagianis, Kylie M. Quinn, Steven Bozinovski, Ross Vlahos, Robert D. Brooks, John J. O'Leary, Doug A. Brooks, Stavros Selemidis
Summary: The combination of an endosome-targeted NOX2 oxidase inhibitor and a mitochondrial ROS scavenger is more effective than monotherapy in reducing inflammation and improving lung pathology in influenza A virus (IAV) infection. This approach also enhances Type I interferon expression and increases IAV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the lungs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ian R. D. Johnson, Elley E. Rudebeck, Martin J. Sweetman, Alexandra Sorvina, Trent D. Ashton, Frederick M. Pfeffer, Douglas A. Brooks, Shane M. Hickey
Summary: Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic organelles that not only serve as lipid reservoirs, but also play important roles in cell metabolism and growth. The study of LDs and their interactions with other cellular compartments provides new insights into normal cell biology and disease processes. In this study, two newly synthesized compounds were evaluated as selective LD stains, showing impressive versatility in staining LDs in various cellular contexts. These new imaging agents have the potential to further unravel the complex biology of LDs and their role in disease states.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Review
Virology
Osezua Oseghale, Ross Vlahos, John J. O'Leary, Robert D. Brooks, Doug A. Brooks, Stella Liong, Stavros Selemidis
Summary: Influenza A virus infection during pregnancy disrupts maternal and fetal health, causing inflammation and increasing disease severity. Pregnancy-related adaptations of the immune and cardiovascular systems result in delayed recovery, leading to prolonged inflammation and complications for the mother and fetus, including birth defects and increased risk of neurological disorders.
Article
Oncology
Jessica M. Logan, Ashley M. Hopkins, Carmela Martini, Alexandra Sorvina, Prerna Tewari, Sarita Prabhakaran, Chelsea Huzzell, Ian R. D. Johnson, Shane M. Hickey, Ben S. -Y. Ung, Joanna Lazniewska, Robert D. Brooks, Courtney R. Moore, Maria C. Caruso, Litsa Karageorgos, Cara M. Martin, Sharon O'Toole, Laura Bogue Edgerton, Mark P. Ward, Mark Bates, Stavros Selemidis, Adrian Esterman, Sheena Heffernan, Helen Keegan, Sarah Ni Mhaolcatha, Roisin O'Connor, Victoria Malone, Marguerite Carter, Katie Ryan, Andres Clarke, Nathan Brady, Sonja Klebe, Hemamali Samaratunga, Brett Delahunt, Michael J. Sorich, Kim Moretti, Lisa M. Butler, John J. O'Leary, Douglas A. Brooks
Summary: A novel biomarker panel (Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1) was found to be a strong independent predictor for both clinical and biochemical recurrence outcomes, with higher prediction performance than traditional grading. The study also found that biomarker-assisted assessment had better predictive performance for evaluating the risk of biochemical recurrence and clinical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer.
