Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yingtao Wu, Chao Pi, Yangjie Wu, Xiuling Cui
Summary: Directing group migration has emerged as a practical strategy for transition-metal-catalysed direct C-H activation, leading to highly atom-economical processes and enabling the reusage of directing groups. Progress has been made in developing multitasking directing groups, with the focus on different types of migratable directing groups and their mechanisms, as well as synthetic applications.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Sixi Wang, Bin Yu, Hong-Min Liu
Summary: This work presents a nonsteric NH2-directed Pd(II)-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp(2))H arylation of tryptamines, enabling the efficient synthesis of versatile 2-aryltryptamines. Late-stage modifications of these compounds allow for the divergent construction of complex core structures prevalent in valuable natural products.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Kuppan Ramachandran, Pazhamalai Anbarasan
Summary: An efficient rhodium-catalyzed method for the synthesis of C2-alkylated NH-free indoles has been achieved. This method offers several advantages, including the use of traceless directing group, good functional group tolerance, and broad applicability.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Sebastien Prevost, Shanshan Liu
Summary: Transient directing groups (TDGs) are a powerful strategy for directly functionalizing C-H bonds of aldehydes. We describe a palladium-catalyzed o-C-H alkoxycarbonylation of benzaldehydes using a catalytic amount of aromatic amine to form a transient imine acting as a monodentate TDG. The reaction conditions are applicable to a wide range of aldehydes, and the resulting 2-formyl benzoates can serve as direct precursors for the synthesis of phthalides and 1-isoindolinones.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sheuli Sasmal, Gaurav Prakash, Uttam Dutta, Ranjini Laskar, Goutam Kumar Lahiri, Debabrata Maiti
Summary: Site-selective C-H alkynylation of arenes is highly desirable for the synthesis of natural products, drug molecules, and materials. In this study, we developed a Rh(I)-catalyzed protocol for meta-C-H alkynylation, which broadens the scope of this transformation and allows for post-synthetic modifications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yizhan Zhai, Xue Zhang, Shengming Ma
Summary: A rhodium-catalyzed highly stereoselective intermolecular 1,3-dienylation at the 2-position of indoles with non-terminal allenyl carbonates has been developed using 2-pyrimidinyl or pyridinyl as the directing group. The reaction tolerates various functional groups and the directing group plays a crucial role in determining the stereoselectivity. DFT calculations revealed that pi-pi stacking involving the directing group is the origin of the observed stereoselectivity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lincong Sun, Yuyao Zhao, Bingxian Liu, Junbiao Chang, Xingwei Li
Summary: The rhodium-catalyzed tandem twofold C-H bond activation reactions of para-olefin-tethered arenes have been achieved, leading to the synthesis of diverse 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran platforms. The reaction proceeds through the activation of ortho-C-H bonds in the arene and sequential activation of meta-C-H bonds, resulting in C-C or N-C difunctionalization.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Zhao, Bi-Jie Li
Summary: Despite advances in the Murai-type hydroarylations, enantioselective addition of native (hetero)arenes to internal alkenes remains challenging. This study presents a directing group repositioning strategy for the enantioselective addition of heteroarenes to internal enamides. The C-H bond at the C2 position of heteroarenes is selectively cleaved and added to the beta-position of enamides, yielding beta-heteroaryl amides with high enantioselectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal separate elementary steps determining rate and enantioselectivity.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Cancan Feng, Luqing Tang, Fan Yang, Yangjie Wu
Summary: In this study, we reported a copper-catalyzed carbonyl-assisted hydroboration of terminal aliphatic alkenes with Markovnikov regioselectivity, using readily available and stable B(2)Pin(2) as the boron source. The reaction showed smooth progress with exclusive Markovnikov regioselectivity, providing easy access to a range of branched secondary alkyl boronic esters in moderate to excellent yields. The solvent was demonstrated to be the source of hydrogen, as confirmed by the deuterium experiments.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Subban Kathiravan, Tianshu Zhang, Ian A. Nicholls
Summary: This study presents a method for C2-selective methylation of indoles using methyltrifluoroborate as a source of methyl group, catalyzed by iridium. The iridium catalyst selectively discriminates the C2 and C4 C-H bonds of indole by coordination with a pivaloyl directing group.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Guanghua Kuang, Dandan Liu, Xuerong Chen, Guangyuan Liu, Yang Fu, Yiyuan Peng, Hua Li, Yirong Zhou
Summary: A unified method for direct C4-H halogenation of indoles has been successfully achieved with the assistance of anthranilic acids as suitable transient directing groups. Exclusive site selectivity and good functional group tolerance were obtained using inexpensive N-halosuccinimides as halogen sources under mild conditions. The rich functional groups in the product allow for facile construction of a diversity of nitrogen-containing heterocycles via one-step late-stage derivations.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongyu Wang, Chen-Fei Liu, Robert T. Martin, Osvaldo Gutierrez, Ming Joo Koh
Summary: This study presents a new directing-group-free, nickel-catalysed strategy for the catalytic addition of carbogenic groups to unactivated and activated olefins with control of regioselectivity, achieving up to 93% yield and >98% site selectivity. The method can be extended to other types of reactions by switching reagents, and mechanistic and computational investigations provide insights into the regiochemical outcome of the reaction. The utility of the method is demonstrated through the concise syntheses of biologically active molecules, and the reported catalyst control principles are expected to advance efforts towards developing general site-selective alkene functionalizations.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hasina Mamataj Begam, Shantanu Nandi, Ranjan Jana
Summary: In this study, a copper-catalyzed tandem reaction was developed for the synthesis of N,N-disubstituted 2-benzimidazolinones, involving C-H and C-C bond cleavage and three new C-N bond formations. The reaction cascade could be altered by tuning the directing group. The strategy achieved moderate to high yields with low catalyst loading and provided a series of benzimidazolones and benzimidazoles.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Zhuo Wang, Xiaohan Ye, Meina Jin, Qi Tang, Shengyu Fan, Zhiguang Song, Xiaodong Shi
Summary: 4-Aminobenzotriazole (ABTA) was used for the first time as an effective removable directing group (DG) in Pd-catalyzed C-H activation. Compared to commonly used pyridine and quinoline analogs, ABTA exhibited significantly improved reactivity and achieved aerobic oxidative C-H olefination in excellent yields. Additionally, ABTA was easily removed under mild conditions, making it a promising directing group for macrocyclization reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Ruxia Mao, Yanliang Zhao, Xiaohan Zhu, Fen Wang, Wei-Qiao Deng, Xingwei Li
Summary: In this study, enantioenriched allenes were successfully obtained through Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H allenylation of tertiary propargyl alcohols. The reaction proceeded efficiently under mild conditions, resulting in high enantioselectivities for both the allenylated products and propargyl alcohols. The resolution was achieved through bias of the propargylic substituents and assistance of a chiral zinc carboxylate additive.