Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shotaro Kawano, Masayuki Baba, Hotaka Fukushima, Daiki Miura, Hitoshi Hashimoto, Takanobu Nakazawa
Summary: This study analyzed the role of ANK2 in the developing mouse cerebral cortex and found that ANK2 regulates neural stem cell differentiation and neuronal migration. ANK2 haploinsufficiency may impair neural development and increase the risk of ASD in patients.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi, Sajad Sahab Negah, Ahmad Ghorbani, Azar Hosseini, Hamid R. Sadeghnia
Summary: The study demonstrates that LEV can enhance the proliferation of rat embryonic neural stem cells and promote neuronal differentiation mainly through an NMDA receptor-mediated mechanism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas P. Lozito, Ricardo Londono, Aaron X. Sun, Megan L. Hudnall
Summary: Regenerated lizard tails lack the dorsoventral patterning achieved during embryonic development, even though they are able to form cartilage during regeneration.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Anderson Tan, Renuka Prasad, Eek-hoon Jho
Summary: TFEB plays a crucial role in mESCs by regulating PTN to maintain pluripotency, with interactions involving Nanog and Sox2. While high levels of TFEB are expected to enhance autophagy-lysosomal activity, undifferentiated mESCs surprisingly display low basal levels.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hassan Fazilaty, Michael David Bruegger, Tomas Valenta, Barbara M. Szczerba, Linda Berkova, Nikolaos Doumpas, George Hausmann, Michael Scharl, Konrad Basler
Summary: By analyzing the single-cell transcriptomes of developing mouse colon at different embryonic stages, researchers found the establishment of adult lineages and reappearance of cell populations after tissue damage, highlighting the reactivation of embryonic genes in disease.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Jiaoying Jia, Yan Cui, Zhigang Tan, Min Liu, Yugang Jiang
Summary: In this study, miR-335-3p activated by FoxM1 suppressed NSC differentiation and promoted NSC self-renewal by inactivating the p53 signaling pathway via Fmr1.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zongkui Wang, Peng Jiang, Fengjuan Liu, Xi Du, Li Ma, Shengliang Ye, Haijun Cao, Pan Sun, Na Su, Fangzhao Lin, Rong Zhang, Changqing Li
Summary: This study reveals that GDF11 negatively regulates neurogenesis by activating the ALK5-dependent PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in neural stem cells, inhibiting cell proliferation and migration while promoting differentiation and apoptosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sang-Hoon Yoon, Mi-Rae Bae, Hyeonwoo La, Hyuk Song, Kwonho Hong, Jeong-Tae Do
Summary: This study proposed an efficient method for deriving NSCs from mouse ESCs through a combination of 3D culture for early neural lineage commitment and 2D NSC derivation. The results demonstrated that ESCs could efficiently differentiate into tripotent NSCs through specification in 3D culture followed by 2D culture.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Padmina Shrestha, Anbalagan Jaganathan, Dhananjay Huilgol, Carlos Ballon, Yon Hwangbo, Alea A. Mills
Summary: Chd5 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that promotes neuronal differentiation, but its mechanism in neurogenesis is not well understood. Through transcriptional profiling of Chd5 deficient mice, we found that Chd5 regulates neurogenesis by directing stepwise transcriptional changes. Chd5 promotes the expression of Six3, a proneural transcription factor, to repress the non-canonical Wnt ligand Wnt5a during early stages of neurogenesis. This ability of Chd5 to transcriptionally repress neuronal maturation factors is critical for both lineage specification and maturation.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Jingran Zhang, Guang Shi, Junjie Pang, Xing Zhu, Qingcai Feng, Jie Na, Wenbin Ma, Dan Liu, Songyang Zhou
Summary: Induced crotonylation in hESCs resulted in differentiation into the endodermal lineage. This induced modification led to transcriptomic changes and decreased glycolysis in hESCs.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yu Wang, Bin Li, Lianwei Dong, Weibing Duan, Anna Neuerburg, Han Zhang, Xijuan Jiang, Rui Shao, Yan Zhu, Dagmar Bock, Erwei Liu, Hong Wang, Yunsha Zhang, Yifan Dai, Haiyuan Yang, Ying Wang
Summary: This study identified the crucial role of Tlx in adult neurogenesis, showing that extended expression of Tlx impairs neuron maturation by decreasing endogenous Sox2 expression. Sox2 was found to partially rescue these neuron maturation defects.
Article
Cell Biology
Sonia Brahim, Ana-Maria Negulescu, Clara Geneste, Thomas Schott, Shuheng Lin, Louis-Oscar Morel, Nicolas Rama, Nicolas Gadot, Isabelle Treilleux, Patrick Mehlen, Olivier Meurette
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the role of Notch3 in breast cancer development. They found that Notch3 expression was weak in breast cancer cells and was associated with good patient prognosis. However, it was strongly expressed in stromal cells without prognostic value. Mechanistically, Notch3 prevented tumor initiation through HeyL-mediated inhibition of Mybl2, an important regulator of cell cycle. In Notch3-deficient mice, accelerated tumor initiation and proliferation were observed in a MMTV-Neu model, with enrichment in Mybl2 mRNA signature and protein expression in Notch3-null tumors. Overall, this study reinforces the anti-tumoral role of Notch3 in breast tumorigenesis.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Chao Sun, Yinhua Dong, Jun Wei, Meng Cai, Dongfang Liang, Yongqing Fu, You Zhou, Yi Sui, Fangda Wu, Roman Mikhaylov, Hanlin Wang, Feifei Fan, Zhihua Xie, Mercedes Stringer, Zhiyong Yang, Zhenlin Wu, Liangfei Tian, Xin Yang
Summary: This study develops a highly effective acoustic stimulator working at -20 MHz to investigate the roles of acousto-mechanical stimuli in the differentiation of hESCs. Our results show that acoustic dose alters the expression of extracellular matrix and physiological activity-related genes, indicating that acoustic stimulation is an important tool in regulating the stem cells' differentiation processes in cell therapy.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Chrysa Kapeni, Leslie Nitsche, Alastair M. Kilpatrick, Nicola K. Wilson, Kankan Xia, Bahar Mirshekar-Syahkal, Vashe Chandrakanthan, Camille Malouf, John E. Pimanda, Berthold Gottgens, Kristina Kirschner, Simon R. Tomlinson, Katrin Ottersbach
Summary: This study shows that the cell cycle inhibitor p57Kip2/Cdkn1c limits the number of hematopoietic stem cells by restricting the size of the sympathetic nervous system and the amount of catecholamines secreted by these cells. This regulation occurs at the sympathetic nervous system progenitor level and has a significant impact on early fetal liver colonization.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mookwang Kwon, Ju Hyun Lee, Youngik Yoon, Samuel J. Pleasure, Keejung Yoon
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic brain development by regulating neural stem cell properties through increased expression of the master transcription factor REST. These findings highlight the significance of CRH signaling in the regulation of neural stem cells during embryonic brain development.
Article
Developmental Biology
Chu-Chun Huang, Chia-Hung Chou, Yu-Shih Yang, Hong-Nerng Ho, Chia-Tung Shun, Wen-Fen Wen, Shee-Uan Chen, Mei-Jou Chen
Summary: In a mouse study, concurrent treatment with metformin and cyclophosphamide significantly preserved ovarian function and fertility, suggesting a potential novel fertility-preserving agent during chemotherapy.
MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Danny C. W. Yu, Fang-Chun Wu, Chia-Eng Wu, Lu-Ping Chow, Hong-Nerng Ho, Hsin-Fu Chen
Summary: This study demonstrated the induction of hPSCs into DDX4(ec) PGCLCs and their further development into ovarian follicle-like structures by co-culturing with human granulosa cells in a xenograft mice model. These findings offer a potential new strategy for treating germ cell-associated issues of infertility.
Article
Biology
Yo-Ping Lai, Lu-Cheng Kuo, Been-Ren Lin, Hung-Ju Lin, Chih-Yu Lin, Yi-Ting Chen, Pei-Wen Hsiao, Huan-Tsung Chang, Patrick Chow-In Ko, Hsiao-Chin Chen, Hsiang-Yu Chang, Jean Lu, Hong-Nerng Ho, Betty A. Wu-Hsieh, John T. Kung, Shu-Ching Chen
Summary: CD28 costimulation inhibits CD73 upregulation in CD8(+) T cells, thereby preventing them from becoming suppressive. Lack of CD28 costimulation renders CD8(+) T cells immunosuppressive and less effective in eliminating solid tumors.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Anette Wu, Ann Chen Xi Yu, Cynthia Soledad Chang, Rahul Goel, Mandeep Gill Sagoo, Takeshi Sakurai, Suvi Viranta-Kovanen, Chung-Liang Chien, Hannes Traxler, Jens Waschke, Shuji Kitahara, Kevin Keay, Jorgen Olsen, Cecilia Brassett, Salma El Batti, Franziska Vielmuth, Anna Magdalena Sigmund, Mina Zeroual, Carol Kunzel, Paulette Bernd, Richard Wingate, Heike Kielstein, Geoffroy P. J. C. Noel
Summary: Anatomy courses can trigger students' thinking about life's passing, with different themes identified at various schools associated with anatomy formats and elements. Courses that offer hands-on cadaveric dissections may play a significant role in initiating these sentiments.
ANNALS OF ANATOMY-ANATOMISCHER ANZEIGER
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jia-Hsin Huang, You-Rou Liao, Tzu-Chieh Lin, Cheng-Hung Tsai, Wei-Yun Lai, Yang-Kai Chou, Jun-Yi Leu, Huai-Kuang Tsai, Cheng-Fu Kao
Summary: iTARGEX, a new association framework, can identify novel regulators involved in biological traits without prior functional annotations. Experimental validation of the novel candidates provides solid evidence for their roles in the respective traits, converting genome-wide observations into causal gene function predictions. Further application of iTARGEX is expected to facilitate the discovery of new regulators and provide observations for novel mechanistic hypotheses regarding different biological traits and phenotypes.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Po-Kai Yang, Chia-Hung Chou, Chu-Chun Huang, Wen-Fen Wen, Hsin-Fu Chen, Chia-Tung Shun, Hong-Nerng Ho, Mei-Jou Chen
Summary: Obesity may disrupt normal folliculogenesis through increased production of IL-10 in visceral fats, shedding light on the association between obesity and ovulatory dysfunction in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the short duration of the study limits conclusions on long-term reproductive outcomes.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Heng-Kien Au, Syue-Wei Peng, Chin-Lin Guo, Chien-Chia Lin, Yi-Lin Wang, Yung-Che Kuo, Tsz-Yau Law, Hong-Nerng Ho, Thai-Yen Ling, Yen-Hua Huang
Summary: The study revealed the synergistic effect of ECM laminin, hypoxia, and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in maintaining the self-renewal ability of embryonic germline stem cells. Through regulating specific signaling pathways, the expression of stemness-related genes was maintained, promoting cell proliferation and migration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pei-Shan Hou, Hung-Chih Kuo
Summary: Recent advances in iPSC technology have made it possible to generate brain organoid models that better replicate in vivo tissue architecture, providing more complex and representative models of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the application of pluripotent stem cell-derived CNS organoids in modeling neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the challenges and opportunities in this field.
Article
Biology
Sarah G. Swygert, Dejun Lin, Stephanie Portillo-Ledesma, Po-Yen Lin, Dakota R. Hunt, Cheng-Fu Kao, Tamar Schlick, William S. Noble, Toshio Tsukiyama
Summary: The study found that an increase in the range of local inter-nucleosomal contacts in quiescent yeast drives genome-wide compaction of chromatin fibers, leading to global repression of transcription. Unlike actively dividing cells, inter-nucleosomal interactions in quiescent cells require a specific basic patch in the histone H4 tail.
Article
Cell Biology
Hsiao-Lung An, Hung-Chih Kuo, Tang K. Tang
Summary: Researchers generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) carrying a mutant centrosomal protein using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. The mutant protein disrupted the recruitment of centriolar proteins involved in centriole elongation and resulted in the production of short centrioles and long cilia. Additionally, the mutant protein induced neuronal cell death and premature neuronal differentiation, leading to smaller brain organoids resembling the phenotype of microcephaly. These findings provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of MCPH.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ning Deng, Yun-Yun Wu, Yanan Feng, Wen-Chieh Hsieh, Jen-Shin Song, Yu-Shiuan Lin, Ya-Hsien Tseng, Wan-Jhu Liao, Yi-Fan Chu, Yu-Cheng Liu, En-Cheng Chang, Chia-Rung Liu, Sheh-Yi Sheu, Ming-Tsan Su, Hung-Chih Kuo, Stanley N. Cohen, Tzu-Hao Cheng
Summary: This study reveals the possibility of reducing the biochemical and phenotypic effects of nucleotide repeat expansions by interfering with the formation of the DSIF complex. It provides new insights for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's Disease.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yu-Ting Weng, Hui-Mei Chen, Ting Chien, Feng-Lan Chiu, Hung-Chih Kuo, Yijuang Chern
Summary: This study revealed the upregulation of TRAX during the progression of Huntington's disease (HD). Downregulation of TRAX resulted in increased expression of miRNAs and altered mRNA networks critical for HD pathogenesis. Disruption of the TRAX-mediated miRNA-mRNA axis accelerated the progression of HD symptoms.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kai-Li Chang, Jia-Hong Chen, Tzu-Chieh Lin, Jun-Yi Leu, Cheng-Fu Kao, Jin Yung Wong, Huai-Kuang Tsai
Summary: This study uses the deep learning model "DeepCircle" to analyze the characteristics and predictability of short extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) in the genome. It finds that although eccDNAs do not show apparent specificity in genomic locations, they exhibit similarity in sequence features across different datasets, indicating a certain level of predictability for eccDNAs.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Chia-Ling Hsu, Yi-Chen Lo, Cheng-Fu Kao
Summary: During the aging process, H3K4 methylation (H3K4me) may be linked to metabolic pathways and play a conservative role in determining organism longevity across different species, but its influence is context-specific and requires further investigation.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Anette Wu, Vinay Maddula, Jasmine Singh, Mandeep Gill Sagoo, Chung-Liang Chien, Richard Wingate, Heike Kielstein, Hannes Traxler, Cecilia Brassett, Jens Waschke, Fransziska Vielmuth, Takeshi Sakurai, Mina Zeroual, Jorgen Olsen, Salma El-Batti, Suvi Viranta-Kovanen, Shuji Kitahara, Kevin Keay, Carol Kunzel, Paulette Bernd, Geoffroy P. J. C. Noel
Summary: Internationalization of medical education through structured online peer exchanges at home can provide students with cross-cultural skills and networking opportunities typically achieved through international in-person travel. This socially just and equitable approach can improve students' cultural competency, preparing them for global health work and ultimately enhancing global health outcomes.
MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR
(2021)
