Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sunday Arome Agbo, Subhash Bhatt, Mahmud Khan
Summary: The Ni2Mn0.70Cu0.30Ga Heusler alloy undergoes phase transitions and magnetic entropy changes, with coupled first order magnetostructural martensitic transitions. Different peak magnetic entropy changes are observed during heating and cooling, indicating the controllability of magnetocaloric properties by manipulating phase transition overlaps.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yin-Chen He, Junchen Rong, Ning Su
Summary: The researchers propose a roadmap for bootstrapping conformal field theories described by gauge theories in dimensions d > 2. They offer a simple way to detect the gauge group in the bootstrap calculation using the notion of a decoupling operator, and discuss the physical implications of the equation of motion in the CFT spectrum. As an application, they study a critical gauge theory, scalar QED, using conformal bootstrap to obtain its properties in different dimensions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Carlos Jaramillo, Manfred Lindner, Werner Rodejohann
Summary: This study investigates the potential role of right-handed neutrinos as dark matter in the Universe and explores the possibility of their generation through the freeze-out production mechanism. It is found that if the neutrino Yukawa coupling is large in the early Universe to thermalize the sterile neutrinos, and then becomes tiny at a certain moment, they can drop out of equilibrium and potentially become stable on cosmological time scales. The proposed mechanism is shown to work for a wide range of sterile neutrino masses.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruno Turnheima
Summary: This paper discusses the fate of established systems in the face of potential destabilization and decline, focusing on the flipside of innovation. By examining the dismantling of electric tramways in France, it explores the role of destabilization, decline, and phase-out in policy and practice efforts, and proposes a framework based on destabilization mechanisms.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Vigya Sharma, Julia Loginova, Ruilian Zhang, Deanna Kemp, Guoqing Shi
Summary: China, as the world's largest coal producer and coal-fired electricity generator, faces tremendous pressure to maintain energy security while reducing coal use to achieve its net-zero commitment by 2060. Despite the concentration of its coal industry in four provinces, the dependencies are complex and extensive, resulting in social, cultural, and economic disruptions across China. By studying coal transitions in Germany, Poland, Australia, the UK, and the US, valuable insights can be gained to inform China's efforts in meeting its climate goals.
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jonas Schwab, Lukas Janssen, Kai Sun, Zi Yang Meng, Igor F. Herbut, Matthias Vojta, Fakher F. Assaad
Summary: We investigate nematic quantum phase transitions in two different Dirac fermion models, finding that both models exhibit continuous phase transitions characterized by large velocity anisotropies in the quantum critical regime.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. Bohrdt, S. Kim, A. Lukin, M. Rispoli, R. Schittko, M. Knap, M. Greiner, J. Leonard
Summary: Current quantum simulation experiments are exploring nonequilibrium many-body dynamics with previously inaccessible regimes, using machine learning techniques to study thermalization behavior. By employing supervised and unsupervised training methods, researchers distinguish non-equilibrium from equilibrium data and use network performance as a probe for system thermalization behavior.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Shutong Li, Turan Birol
Summary: This study demonstrates that electron doping can enhance oxygen octahedral rotations in certain hybrid-improper ferroelectrics, thereby strengthening structural polarization. Using this design strategy, a cation ordered Ruddlesden-Popper compound has been predicted to be driven into a metallic ferroelectric-like phase via electrolyte gating.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Urko Petralanda, Mads Kruse, Hugh Simons, Thomas Olsen
Summary: The study shows that oxygen vacancies influence the formation of charged 180 degrees domain walls in ferroelectric BaTiO3, with vacancies favoring assembly in crystallographic planes. The formation of a charged domain wall is accompanied by the clustering of vacancies. The negatively charged domain wall compensates the positive charge of the vacancies, leading to no free charge density at the wall, which contrasts with positively charged domain walls that are compensated by free charge from the bulk. This implies that specific charged domain wall configurations may be realized for domain wall based information processing through vacancy driven formation.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jayesh Sonje, Seema Thakral, Brendan Mayhugh, Gregory Sacha, Steve Nail, Jayasree Srinivasan, Raj Suryanarayanan
Summary: Mannitol has a high propensity to crystallize in frozen solutions, making it a good bulking agent. Adding sucrose to protein formulations is crucial for retaining the protein in its native state. This study aims to evaluate the dehydration kinetics of mannitol hemihydrate (MHH) on storage and its impact on sucrose crystallization and protein stability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Gregory Trencher, Adrian Rinscheid, Daniel Rosenbloom, Nhi Truong
Summary: The approach of 'phase-out' is increasingly used in research and policymaking to gradually reduce technologies, substances, and practices that harm environmental sustainability objectives. This study provides a systematic review of the state of knowledge on how phase-out is studied and employed as a policy tool to mitigate climate change. The results show that phase-out has become widely accepted as a decarbonization approach and has expanded to include diverse industries, policy instruments, and geographic contexts. The study also highlights the potential for phase-out to drive innovation and systemic change beyond simply substituting problematic technologies and materials.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Physics, Applied
Steven Kivelson, Shivaji Sondhi
Summary: In 1973, Philip Anderson published a paper presenting the resonating valence bond state, which is now recognized as a topologically ordered phase of matter, unable to be classified conventionally based on its patterns of symmetry breaking. Steven Kivelson and Shivaji Sondhi reflect on the impact of this paper over the past 50 years.
NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jie Mu, Ke Xu, Lei He, Tijian Yin, Yan Xu, Jintao Men, Qiong Ye
Summary: Hybrid perovskites with mixed organic cations, such as phosphonium and ammonium cations, have rarely been reported due to specific size requirements. In this study, an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (Me3PCH2CH2CH3)2(CH3CH2CH2NH3)Sb2Br9 (1) with [Me3PCH2CH2CH3]+ and [CH3CH2CH2NH3]+ cations was synthesized. Compound 1 showed improved phase transition temperature and thermal stability compared to hybrid perovskites with only one type of organic cation. The disorder of [CH3CH2CH2NH3]+ cations and the twisting motion of [Me3PCH2CH2CH3]+ cations and the inorganic skeleton were identified as the main factors for the phase transition of 1 at high temperatures. Furthermore, 1 exhibited semiconductor properties with an optical band gap of 2.945 eV, indicating its potential as a functional perovskite material with mixed organic cations.
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lu Han, Christopher Addiego, Sergei Prokhorenko, Meiyu Wang, Hanyu Fu, Yousra Nahas, Xingxu Yan, Songhua Cai, Tianqi Wei, Yanhan Fang, Huazhan Liu, Dianxiang Ji, Wei Guo, Zhengbin Gu, Yurong Yang, Peng Wang, Laurent Bellaiche, Yanfeng Chen, Di Wu, Yuefeng Nie, Xiaoqing Pan
Summary: Topological domains in ferroelectrics have been a subject of great interest due to their unique functionalities and potential applications in electronic devices. This study demonstrates the realization of room-temperature switchable skyrmion-like polar nanodomains on silicon, and the reversible transformation between different types of polar textures, which significantly modifies their resistive behaviors.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. Stupakiewicz, C. S. Davies, K. Szerenos, D. Afanasiev, K. S. Rabinovich, A. V. Boris, A. Caviglia, A. V. Kimel, A. Kirilyuk
Summary: Researchers have achieved switching of magnetization in magnetic garnet films by ultrafast resonant excitation of longitudinal optical phonon modes, revealing the magneto-elastic mechanism of the switching. In contrast, excitation of strongly absorbing transverse phonon modes results in a thermal demagnetization effect only.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Mira Varma, Oliver K. Baker
Summary: In this letter, the authors expand upon the previous work to demonstrate the entanglement observed in top quark interactions. They propose that the thermal component caused by proton collisions with top quarks emerges from entanglement within the proton wave function, and they use published results to show the expected behavior.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
E. Ya. Paryev
Summary: In this study, we investigate the near-threshold meson photoproduction from protons and nuclei and explore the possibility of observing non-strange hidden-bottom pentaquark states through differential observables. We calculate the excitation functions and energy/momentum distributions for different production processes and propose that future experiments at high-luminosity electron-ion colliders could provide evidence for the existence of these hidden-bottom pentaquark resonances.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
M. Shariq Asnain, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Mohd. Shuaib, Aquib Siddique, Ishfaq Majeed Bhat, B. P. Singh, R. Prasad
Summary: This study validates the compound nucleus theory using heavy ion beams and different targets. By analyzing cross section data and comparing reaction cross section data, the study confirms the validity of the theory, but also observes discrepancies at lower excitation energies.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Y. G. Yao, X. Y. Wu, H. Mei
Summary: This study presents a microscopic investigation of the electromagnetic properties of the low-lying states of single-A hypernucleus 9ABe using the HyperGCM method based on covariant density functional theory. The results are compared to those of a particle-rotor model (PRM) and show close agreement. It is found that the electric quadrupole transition strengths are more sensitive to the coupling strengths of the AN interaction than the magnetic moments and M 1 transition strengths.
