Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kozubal Maciej A, Pagowska Karolina, Taube Andrzej, Kruszka Renata, Maslyk Monika, Kaminska Eliana
Summary: This study investigates the electrical doping of GaN using Ge+ ion implantation for low-resistivity ohmic contacts, with a focus on reducing defect levels. The results show that implantation with a specific fluence of Ge+ ions can lead to ohmic contacts with a specific contact resistance of 0.60 ohm·mm, while lower and higher fluences result in worse contacts. The (SiO2)-Si-top/AlN bilayer is found to be the best encapsulation layer with good electrical parameters and reproducibility.
MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jyoti Yadav, Rini Singh, M. D. Anoop, Nisha Yadav, N. Srinivasa Rao, Fouran Singh, Indra Sulania, Sunil Ojha, Kamlendra Awasthi, Manoj Kumar
Summary: The influence of Fe- ion implantation on the physical and electronic properties of Sb2Te3 thin films was investigated in this study. Increasing implantation dose led to enhanced electrical resistivity but decreased carrier mobility. Carrier concentration initially increased with fluence up to 1 x 10(14) ions/cm(2), but then decreased, and a change in the type of carriers was observed at the highest dose.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
H. Fiad, R. Ayache, A. Bouabellou, C. Sedrati
Summary: Nanometric YSi(2 - x) layers were formed on a Si(111) single-crystal substrate by room temperature Y ion implantation, followed by thermal annealing in a nitrogen atmosphere. The epitaxial growth of YSi(2 - x) layer on the Si(111) surface was confirmed, and no change in the properties of the formed phase was observed after thermal annealing at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000 degrees Celsius.
Article
Physics, Applied
Yanan Yuan, Liangling Wang, Xiaojun Cui, Feng Peng
Summary: Potassium tantalite (KTaO3) has demonstrated excellent performance in optoelectronic applications, particularly in the fabrication of single crystal thin films through ion implantation. This study investigates the damage formation and helium bubble accumulation in KTaO3 under 200 keV He ion implantation at room temperature. The lattice damage induced by ion implantation and subsequent annealing was quantitatively analyzed using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. X-ray diffraction was utilized to analyze the crystal phase of samples with varying fluences. The accumulation and migration of helium bubbles were observed under high fluences of 200 keV He ions, and thermal annealing led to coarsening and embrittlement of the bubbles. The blistering phenomenon caused by helium ion implantation provides the physical basis for the smart-cut technique, enabling the preparation of high-quality single-crystal films.
MODERN PHYSICS LETTERS B
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Catherine Sadatnajafi, Eugeniu Balaur, Brian Abbey
Summary: Optical metamaterials enable precise control of light at the nanoscale, attracting interest in various fields such as chemical sensing and photovoltaics. Plasmonic color filters can be used for direct optical imaging and characterization of ion implantation in thin films, providing valuable insights for electronic applications.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yifei Yu, Timothy Vincent, Jonathan Sansom, David Greenwood, James Marco
Summary: This paper presents a study on the real-time monitoring of the thermal characteristics of a lithium-ion battery. The results show the complex and varied temperature distribution within the battery, with peak temperatures reaching as high as 9.7℃. The study provides insights into battery thermal management and system safety improvement, which are relevant to various applications of lithium-ion batteries, such as automotive and aerospace.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Meng Ren, Yanfeng Miao, Taiyang Zhang, Zhixiao Qin, Yuetian Chen, Ning Wei, Xufang Qian, Tianfu Wang, Yixin Zhao
Summary: Researchers have proposed a novel approach using commercial zeolite for lead stabilization and iodide recovery, achieving efficient resource utilization and recovery; this method not only stabilized the lead element but also efficiently recovered the iodide element.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guiming Fu, Do-Kyoung Lee, Chunqing Ma, Nam-Gyu Park
Summary: This study reports a surface disulfidation process to inhibit defects and immobilize lead ions in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The process forms strong lead-sulfur bonds and reduces nonradiative recombination, leading to enhanced power conversion efficiency and stability of the devices.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rajkumar Sahu, Srikanta Palei, Keunjoo Kim
Summary: The study demonstrates that oxygen ion implantation can improve the electrical properties of silicon solar cells, but the energy of implanted oxygen ions needs to be carefully controlled to optimize efficiency.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaobo Niu, Yogarajah Elakneswaran, Raudhatul Islam Chaerun, Chuwei Fang, Naoki Hiroyoshi, John L. Provis, Tsutomu Sato
Summary: Studies have shown that metakaolin-based geopolymers have a remarkable capacity to absorb cationic radionuclides, such as Cs+ and Sr2+. However, there is a lack of ability to absorb anionic radionuclides, which can be improved for nuclear waste disposal. In this study, the utilization of both metakaolin-based geopolymer and ettringite for the comprehensive incorporation process of cationic and anionic radionuclides was explored. The results show that ettringite can absorb SeO32- and SeO42- through co-precipitation, while modified geopolymer with in-situ ettringite can absorb cationic radionuclides and SeO32-. Thermodynamic modeling effectively predicts the uptake of SeO32- at low concentrations. The proposed composition and preparation conditions have the potential for developing an effective incorporation process for cationic and anionic radionuclides.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. Urbaniak, A. Czudek, J. Dagar, E. L. Unger
Summary: This study investigates the interpretation of capacitance spectroscopy results in perovskite-based solar cells. The research argues that the signals observed in these cells result from anion migration rather than from deep trap energy levels, based on deep level transient spectroscopy and admittance spectroscopy results. The parameters of anion migration, such as activation energy and ion concentration, are calculated and compared to theoretical values for different migration paths in perovskites. These parameters change over time and reflect in cell degradation, which is proposed to be linked to a change in the anion migration path in perovskite.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chuanming Tian, Bin Li, Yichuan Rui, Hao Xiong, Yu Zhao, Xuefei Han, Xinliang Zhou, Yu Qiu, Wei An, Kerui Li, Chengyi Hou, Yaogang Li, Hongzhi Wang, Qinghong Zhang
Summary: In this study, a method called in situ polymerizing internal encapsulation (IPIE) is developed to overcome the stability and toxicity issues of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The uniform polymer internal package layer solidifies the perovskite crystalline structure and acts as a barrier against water penetration and ion migration, resulting in improved stability. The optimized PSC devices with IPIE treatment exhibit impressive efficiencies and enhanced environmental and mechanical stabilities. Additionally, toxic lead leakage is minimized by the physical encapsulation wall and chemical chelation provided by the IPIE. Therefore, this strategy offers a feasible route for preparing efficient, stable, and eco-friendly PSCs.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenjing Hou, Mengna Guo, Yunzhen Chang, Sheng Zhu, Huan Bi, Qing Shen, Yaoming Xiao, Gaoyi Han
Summary: By employing a Rb2SO4 additive to passivate the Pb2+ defects in a perovskite film and forming PbSO(4) in situ, the surface and grain boundaries of the perovskite film are covered to prevent decomposition by moisture. Ultimately, a device modified with Rb2SO4 achieved improved power conversion efficiency (22.25%) and long-term stability.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Amna Siddiqui, Gence Bektas, Hisham Nasser, Rasit Turan, Muhammad Usman
Summary: This study utilizes TCAD to evaluate the effects of ion implantation fluences, annealing temperature, and duration on the performance of bifacial PERC solar cells. The results show that replacing emitter diffusion with phosphorus ion implantation and optimizing rear boron implantation can improve the efficiency of solar cells.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Christopher Gardner, Elin Langhammer, Wenjia Du, Dan J. L. Brett, Paul R. Shearing, Alexander J. Roberts, Tazdin Amietszajew
Summary: This paper investigates the use of plasmonic-based optical fibre sensors as a real-time and in-situ diagnostic technique for lithium-ion batteries. The successful implementation of the fibre sensors inside pouch cells is reported, showing a promising correlation with battery state without impacting cell performance. The research provides insights into the sensor and analyte interaction mechanisms and suggests further developments for opto-electrochemical diagnostic techniques.
Article
Environmental Sciences
S. Panimalar, M. Subash, M. Chandrasekar, R. Uthrakumar, C. Inmozhi, Wedad A. Al-Onazi, Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed, Tse-Wei Chen, J. Kennedy, M. Maaza, K. Kaviyarasu
Summary: In this study, Sn-doped MnO2 nanostructures were successfully synthesized via a basic sol-gel reaction. The results showed that Sn-doped MnO2 exhibited higher catalytic performance in the visible spectrum. By adjusting the doping ratio of Sn, the degradation efficiency and stability of the catalyst can be further optimized.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anmol Mahendra, Prasanth Gupta, Simon Granville, John Kennedy
Summary: This article reviews the effects of ion irradiation on MTJs and their component materials, with a focus on magnetic anisotropy and magnetization, which are relevant to MTJ sensors. Ion irradiation enables tunability of the sensing axis of MTJ sensors and can adjust the magnetic properties of specific layers without affecting others, making it an effective post-processing method.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
S. Ahmed, X. Y. Cui, Peter P. Murmu, X. Ding, X. Z. Chu, C. I. Sathish, N. N. Bao, R. Liu, W. Y. Zhao, J. Kennedy, T. Tan, M. Peng, L. Wang, J. Ding, Tom Wu, X. L. Wang, S. Li, A. Vinu, S. R. Ringer, J. B. Yi
Summary: This work investigates the magnetism in layered two-dimensional materials by doping cobalt into MoTe2 single crystal. The results show that even small amounts of cobalt doping can induce high saturation magnetization, and 4% cobalt doping exhibits a higher saturation magnetization than pure metallic iron. Additionally, the 2% cobalt-doped MoTe2 sample shows an oversized coercivity, which may be attributed to doping-induced structural defects, stress, anisotropic geometry of cobalt-tellurium ions, and pinning effects by defects.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Jingjing Liu, John Kennedy, Aaron Marshall, James Metson, Mark P. Taylor
Summary: This paper examines the research gaps related to electrochemical dynamics in the water electrolysis industry, specifically the detrimental effects of electrode effects on electrolyzers. By comparing the current research on industrial electrode effects and the existing thermal thresholds observed in water electrolysis, the importance of detecting electrode effects in water electrolyzers is explored.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jinlong Liu, Ziyu Luo, Xichen Mao, Yusong Dong, Lishan Peng, Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse, John Kennedy, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse
Summary: This article reviews the recent progress in developing self-supported heterostructured semiconductor nanoarrays as efficient photoanode catalysts for water oxidation in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. By controlling the growth conditions, heterojunction nanoarrays with different morphologies and semiconductor components can be fabricated, leading to improved light-absorption properties, stabilities, and PEC activities. The article discusses various synthetic methods and summarizes the reported heterojunction nanoarrays based on specific core semiconductor scaffolds, highlighting the synergies generated at the interface between the semiconductor components that enhance PEC water oxidation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
R. A. Sharath, F. Fang, J. Futter, W. J. Trompetter, G. Singh, A. Vinu, J. Kennedy
Summary: This study reports a controlled one-step thermal approach for creating nitrogen defects and modifying the overall structure of g-C3N4 without adding any external reducing/oxidizing agent. The defect-modified g-C3N4 showed increased surface area and bandgap compared to raw g-C3N4.
EMERGENT MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sohail Ahmed, Peter P. P. Murmu, Clastinrusselraj Indirathankam Sathish, Xinwei Guan, Rex Geng, Nina Bao, Rong Liu, John Kennedy, Jun Ding, Mingli Peng, Ajayan Vinu, Jiabao Yi
Summary: Magnetic 2D-layered materials have great potential for spintronic devices and compact magnetic devices. Introducing a magnetic element into 2D-layered materials is an effective strategy to synthesize magnetic materials. By ion implantation, Co and Nd were codoped into MoS2 crystals, achieving extremely high magnetization at both low and room temperatures. This study opens up a useful strategy to develop high-performance magnetic materials based on 2D-layered materials.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Holger Fiedler, Prasanth Gupta, Jerome Leveneur, David R. G. Mitchell, Mitchell Nancarrow, John Kennedy
Summary: We report the ion beam synthesis of buried two-dimensional AlGaN structures with enhanced piezoelectric modulus. The presence of the 2D layers was confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Alternating planar and buckled 2D III-Nitride layers with a rapid change of polarity of the buckled layer suggest weak interaction between the layers. Our results suggest the potential applications of this material in efficient energy harvesters, communication devices, power devices, and photocatalytic water splitting technologies.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael Ng, Vedran Jovic, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, John Kennedy
Summary: Methanol production from CO2 and H-2 has gained attention as a sustainable alternative to current production methods. Researchers are seeking photothermal catalysts to achieve optimal reaction temperatures for CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH. Although promising catalysts have been discovered, the production rates of methanol using photothermal catalysis are still modest compared to thermochemical catalysis routes. This review summarizes recent progress in the field and explores strategies for higher CO2 conversion rates and higher CH3OH yields in the future.
EMERGENT MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bill Trompetter, Jerome Leveneut, Max Goddard-Winchester, Ben Rumsey, James Turner, Graham Weir, John Kennedy, Shen Chong, Nick Long
Summary: The magnetic performance of ferrite based soft magnetic composite materials (SMCs) for inductive power transfer (IPT) applications in roads was investigated. The magnetic permeabilities and losses of SMCs were characterized for different ferrite particle size fractions and loadings. The study showed that the crushed ferrite powders had higher magnetic performance than expected based on magnetic particle theory for spherical magnetic particles. The findings were confirmed by comparing the magnetic performance of SMCs made from spherically ground ferrite powders.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anmol Mahendra, Peter P. Murmu, Susant Kumar Acharya, Atif Islam, Holger Fiedler, Prasanth Gupta, Simon Granville, John Kennedy
Summary: In this study, the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of Co2MnGa Heusler alloy film was tuned by argon ion irradiation. The results showed that ion irradiation reduced the effective anisotropy energy and PMA of the film, which is beneficial for magnetic sensor applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Gupta, V. Jovic, R. Huebner, E. Anquillare, K. Suschke, K. E. Smith, A. Markwitz, G. I. N. Waterhouse, J. Kennedy
Summary: A one-step approach to synthesize ultrafine metallic cobalt nanoparticles at room temperature by cobalt ion implantation into amorphous carbon films and hydrogenated amorphous carbon films was explored. It was found that hydrogenated carbon films suppressed the aggregation of metallic cobalt nanoparticles, leading to the formation of ultrafine cobalt nanoparticles with a size smaller than 5 nm.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Holger Fiedler, Niall Malone, David R. G. Mitchell, Mitchell Nancarrow, Vedran Jovic, Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse, John Kennedy, Prasanth Gupta
Summary: Molybdenum carbides are potential low-cost electrocatalysts for electrolyzers, fuel cells, and batteries. This study presents a scalable, physical approach to synthesize molybdenum carbide nanoparticles at room temperature by ion implantation, with the ability to control the phase, stoichiometry, and size of the nanoparticles. The results are explained using the Mo-C phase diagram and Monte-Carlo simulations, and the approach can be applied to synthesize other transition metal carbide nanoparticles.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Graham Weir, William Trompetter, Jerome Leveneur, Nick Long, James Turner, John Kennedy
Summary: This paper develops a theory of low loss, unbiased minor loops in an isothermal macroscopic composite of soft magnetic particles. The theory predicts an effective macroscopic shape factor for the composite based on the average of the inverse shape factors of the particles. The low loss and composite nature of the material imply self-similarity and conjugacy of the hysteresis loops. The resulting theory depends on two non-dimensional numbers, with being a small number determining magnetic energy loss for a minor loop, while is approximately unity and determines the skewness of the minor loops. The theory is tested against different volume fractions of magnetic ferrite powder composite, supporting the concept of self-similarity in the low loss regime.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Peter P. Murmu, John Kennedy, Zihang Liu, Takao Mori
Summary: This study found that sulfur doping by ion implantation can improve the electrical conductivity and power factor of copper iodide films. At low fluences, sulfur doping increases both the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient significantly. The nature of sulfur ions changes at high fluences, and the solubility of sulfur affects the defect chemistry and thermoelectric properties of sulfur-implanted copper iodide films.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Taisei Hayashi, Kensei Ichiba, Daisuke Nakauchi, Takumi Kato, Noriaki Kawaguchi, Takayuki Yanagida
Summary: In this study, Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals with different doping levels were synthesized using the floating zone method, and their photoluminescence and scintillation properties were evaluated. The results showed that Cr-doped Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals exhibited broad emission bands in the near-infrared region and showed scintillation characteristics within specific wavelength ranges. Additionally, the samples with different Cr doping levels demonstrated different lower detection limits based on the dose rate response function.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Marouf, A. C. Chami, Y. Boudouma
Summary: This study develops a Monte Carlo simulation approach to describe proton-induced secondary electron emission in solids. Theoretical modeling based on the Mott's elastic scattering cross-section and Lindhard's dielectric function was used to calculate the double differential cross-section (DDCS) of excited electrons and describe electron transport in the medium. The results for aluminum show the angular and energy distributions of backscattered electrons for incident protons with energy below 25 keV at normal incidence, and the total electron emission yield also agrees well with available measurements.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Weipeng Yan, Baojun Duan, Zijian Zhu, Yan Song, Guzhou Song, Jiming Ma, Binkang Li, Yucheng Liu
Summary: This article reports on the scintillation performance of Lithium-doped 2D (PEA)2PbBr4 perovskite single crystals synthesized at room temperature. The crystals exhibit fast decay time, high light yield, and high spatial resolution, making them highly promising for medical diagnostic applications.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. B. Vishwakarma, S. K. Dubey, R. L. Dubey, I. Sulania, D. Kanjilal
Summary: Investigations have been conducted on the implanted SiO2 thin film after thermal annealing using various analytical techniques. The results revealed the absence of vacancy defects, variations in vibrational modes and the formation of new structures. The photoluminescence intensity of the annealed SiO2 samples was higher, with a decrease in non-radiative defect centers and an increase in radiative Si:SiO2 interface states. Additionally, the presence of silicon nanoclusters formed after annealing resulted in an additional radiative recombination peak. Furthermore, the formation of new SiOx structures was observed after thermal annealing.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Koshimizu, S. Kurashima, A. Kimura, M. Taguchi
Summary: By observing the scintillation time profiles of CeF3 under irradiations of pulsed beams with different LETs, we found that the initial decay was faster for higher LET, which is consistent with previous studies on other self-activated scintillators. This faster decay at higher LET can be explained by the competition between the scintillation caused by 5d-4f transition of Ce3+ ions and quenching due to the interaction between excited Ce3+ ions close to each other.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Junjie Shi, Jianhong Hao, Fang Zhang, Qiang Zhao, Bixi Xue, Jieqing Fan, Zhiwei Dong
Summary: This study examined the neutralization process and beam quality of a hydrogen beam by emitting negative hydrogen ions to a hydrogen target. The findings showed that the neutralization efficiency was influenced by variables such as the transport distance, energy, and target gas density. However, the maximal neutralization efficiency was not affected by the density of the target gas or the energy of the negative hydrogen ions.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2024)
