Journal
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
Volume 664, Issue 1, Pages 245-250Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2011.10.064
Keywords
Wavelength-shifters; Cherenkov; Neutron detection
Categories
Funding
- DOE [NA-22]
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Research Center at the United States Military Academy
- US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]
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Cherenkov detectors employ various methods to maximize light collection at the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). These generally involve the use of highly reflective materials lining the interior of the detector, reflective materials around the PMTs, or wavelength-shifting sheets around the PMTs. Recently, the use of water-soluble wavelength-shifters has been explored to increase the measurable light yield of Cherenkov radiation in water. These wave-shifting chemicals are capable of absorbing light in the ultraviolet and re-emitting the light in a range detectable by PMTs. Using a 250 L water Cherenkov detector, we have characterized the increase in light yield from three compounds in water: 4-Methylumbelliferone, Carbostyril-124, and Amino-G Salt. We report the gain in PMT response at a concentration of 1 ppm as 1.88 +/- 0.02 for 4-Methylumbelliferone, stable within 0.5% over 50 days, 1.37 +/- 0.03 for Carbostyril-124, and 1.20 +/- 0.02 for Amino-G Salt. The response of 4-Methylumbelliferone was modeled, resulting in a simulated gain within 9% of the experimental gain at 1 ppm concentration. Finally, we report an increase in neutron detection performance of a large-scale (3.5 kL) gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov detector at a 4-Methylumbelliferone concentration of 1 ppm. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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