☆ 4.4 Article

Transmission of very slow neutrons through material foils and its influence on the design of ultracold neutron sources

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2009)

Journal

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT

Volume 608, Issue 1, Pages 144-151

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ELSEVIER

DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2009.06.047

Keywords

Ultracold neutrons; Ultracold neutron sources; Neutron sources

Categories

Instruments & Instrumentation Nuclear Science & Technology Physics, Nuclear Physics, Particles & Fields

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Abstract

At the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), a very intense source of ultracold neutrons (UCN) is being built. The UCN converter of solid deuterium must be contained in a vessel. Produced UCN leave that vessel through its top lid. To decide on the design of the vessel and the top lid, we have measured the transmission of neutrons with velocities between 3 and 20 m/s through different material foils. Contrary to expectations, we found that transmission through aluminium and aluminium alloys is equal or even higher compared to zirconium and reactor-grade zirconium alloys, respectively. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

The very large n2EDM magnetically shielded room with an exceptional performance for fundamental physics measurements

N. J. Ayres, G. Ban, G. Bison, K. Bodek, V. Bondar, T. Bouillaud, B. Clement, E. Chanel, P. -j. Chiu, C. B. Crawford, M. Daum, C. B. Doorenbos, S. Emmenegger, A. Fratangelo, M. Fertl, W. C. Griffith, Z. D. Grujic, P. G. Harris, K. Kirch, J. Krempel, B. Lauss, T. Lefort, O. Naviliat-Cuncic, D. Pais, F. M. Piegsa, G. Pignol, G. Rauscher, D. Rebreyend, I. Rienaecker, D. Ries, S. Roccia, D. Rozpedzik, W. Saenz-Arevalo, P. Schmidt-Wellenburg, A. Schnabel, N. Severijns, B. Shen, M. Staab, K. Svirina, R. Tavakoli Dinani, J. Thorne, N. Yazdandoost, J. Zejma, G. Zsigmond

Summary: This article presents the magnetically shielded room (MSR) used in the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The MSR has a cubic volume with dimensions of 2.92 meters on each side, providing 25 cubic meters of accessible space. It features 87 openings with a maximum diameter of 220 mm for operating the experimental apparatus, as well as an intermediate space for housing sensitive signal processing electronics. Characterization measurements show that the remanent magnetic field in the central 1 cubic meter is below 100 pT, and the field is below 600 pT throughout the entire inner volume up to 4 cm from the walls. The quasi-static shielding factor at 0.01 Hz is about 100,000 in all three spatial directions and increases rapidly with frequency to reach 10^8 above 1 Hz.

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (2022)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Pound-Drever-Hall locking scheme free from Trojan operating points

Manuel Zeyen, Lukas Affolter, Marwan Abdou Ahmed, Thomas Graf, Oguzhan Kara, Klaus Kirch, Miroslaw Marszalek, Francois Nez, Ahmed Ouf, Randolf Pohl, Siddharth Rajamohanan, Pauline Yzombard, Aldo Antognini, Karsten Schuhmann

Summary: The PDH technique is commonly used to stabilize the frequency of a laser to a stable optical resonator or vice versa. We propose an enhanced version of this technique that offers an infinite dynamic range, ensuring correct lock even after significant perturbations. By phase modulating the seed laser at a frequency corresponding to half the resonator's free spectral range, we eliminate the stable but off-resonant lock points present in conventional PDH error signals. We experimentally verify the effectiveness of our scheme using an injection-seeded Yb:YAG thin-disk laser and provide an analytical formulation for the PDH error signal with arbitrary modulation frequencies.

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (2023)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

HybriD-GM: A Framework for Quantum Computing Simulation Targeted to Hybrid Parallel Architectures

Anderson Avila, Helida Santos, Anderson Cruz, Samuel Xavier-de-Souza, Giancarlo Lucca, Bruno Moura, Adenauer Yamin, Renata Reiser

Summary: This paper introduces the concept and integration process of the HybriD-GM model. The D-GM environment is extended to provide efficient parallel execution for hybrid architectures with CPU and GPU integration. By managing projection operators and exploring memory access patterns, the HybriD-GM model achieves granularity control and optimizes hardware resources in distributed computations organized as tree data structures. In the evaluation, simulations of Shor's and Grover's algorithms show significant performance improvements compared to the previous D-GM version and other related works like LIQUi|⟩ and ProjectQ simulators.

ENTROPY (2023)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Comparison of optimization techniques for the Monte Carlo simulation of clearance monitors

Federico Alejandro Geser, Malgorzata Magdalena Kasprzak, Sabine Mayer

Summary: In this work, simulations and optimizations were performed on the clearance monitor HWM-1800 using the Monte Carlo code FLUKA. The study focused on the performance of the clearance monitor under different configurations and compared the effectiveness of integrated count rate measurements and spectral analysis. The results showed that spectral analysis provides more accurate assessment of the clearance monitor's performance, and potential optimization methods were discussed.

RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY (2023)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Recent developments at the Calibration Laboratory for radiation protection instruments and dosemeters of the Paul Scherrer Institute

Malgorzata Kasprzak, Federico A. Geser, Malgorzata Sliz, Eduardo Yukihara, Sabine Mayer

Summary: The Calibration Laboratory at the Paul Scherrer Institute is responsible for calibrating and verifying radiation protection instruments and dosemeters. The laboratory is involved in research and development projects to meet the increasing calibration needs and comply with new regulations.

RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY (2023)

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Article Optics

Room-temperature emission of muonium from aerogel and zeolite targets

A. Antognini, P. Crivelli, L. Gerchow, T. D. Hume, K. Kirch, A. Knecht, J. Nuber, A. Papa, N. Ritjoho, M. Sakurai, A. Soter, D. Taqqu, S. M. Vogiatzi, J. Zhang, L. Ziegler

Summary: In this article, muonium production at different temperatures and muonium-helium collisions are investigated. Compact detection schemes are developed to observe atomic muonium in vacuum. The conversion efficiency and characteristics of the superfluid helium converter are determined.

PHYSICAL REVIEW A (2022)

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Article Optics

Mapping of the magnetic field to correct systematic effects in a neutron electric dipole moment experiment

C. Abel, N. J. Ayres, G. Ban, G. Bison, K. Bodek, V Bondar, E. Chanel, P-J Chiu, B. Clement, C. B. Crawford, M. Daum, S. Emmenegger, L. Ferraris-Bouchez, M. Fertl, P. Flaux, A. Fratangelo, W. C. Griffith, Z. D. Grujie, P. G. Harris, L. Hayen, N. Hild, M. Kasprzak, K. Kirch, P. Knowles, H-C Koch, P. A. Koss, A. Kozela, J. Krempel, B. Lauss, T. Lefort, Y. Lemiere, P. Mohanmurthy, O. Naviliat-Cuncic, D. Pais, F. M. Piegsa, G. Pignol, P. N. Prashanth, G. Quemener, M. Rawlik, D. Ries, D. Rebreyend, S. Roccia, D. Rozpedzik, P. Schmidt-Wellenburg, A. Schnabel, N. Severijns, J. A. Thorne, R. Virot, A. Weis, E. Wursten, G. Wyszynski, J. Zejma, G. Zsigmond

Summary: Experiments measuring the electric dipole moment of the neutron require precise control of magnetic-field uniformity. The nEDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute uses a co-magnetometer to monitor magnetic-field variations, but it introduces the largest systematic error. Offline measurements were performed to evaluate and correct this effect, leading to an improvement in the neutron electric dipole moment measurement.

PHYSICAL REVIEW A (2022)

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Article Physics, Nuclear

Ultracold neutron storage and transport at the PSI UCN source

G. Bison, M. Daum, K. Kirch, B. Lauss, D. Ries, P. Schmidt-Wellenburg, G. Zsigmond

Summary: Efficient neutron transport is crucial for the performance of ultracold neutron sources. The present study focuses on absolute UCN transport efficiency and reports complementary measurements on UCN density and transmission through a UCN guide section.

EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A (2022)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

An improved hybrid photon detector based on a SiC Schottky diode

Jinlu Ruan, Liang Chen, Pengxiao Xu, Yapeng Zhang, Xue Du, Hongqiao Yin, Shiyi He, Fangbao Wang, Xun Zhang, Xiaoping Ouyang

Summary: A new SiC detector with a faster time response was developed to improve the temporal response of SiC-HPMTs. The improved SiC-HPMT showed significantly enhanced temporal response compared to the previous SiC-HPMT, and it can accurately measure the time information of fast pulsed radiation fields.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

The Phase-2 upgrade of the CMS outer tracker

Kevin Nash

Summary: This article discusses the need for extensive upgrades of the LHC detectors, particularly the Outer Tracker, due to the demanding conditions and radiation of the High Luminosity LHC scenario. The design choices, technological approaches, and R&D activities for the Outer Tracker Phase-2 upgrade are highlighted.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

The LHCb RICH upgrade for the high luminosity LHC era

S. A. Wotton

Summary: The hadron particle identification provided by LHCb's RICH system is crucial for the success of the experiment, and it will continue to play a significant role in Upgrade II. To maintain the current excellent particle identification performance, substantial improvements in the precision of measuring the space and time coordinates of detected photons in the RICH and in the resolution of the reconstructed Cherenkov angle are required.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

The Resistive Cylindrical Chamber

R. Cardarelli, A. Rocchi, G. Aielli, P. Camarri, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Stante, B. Liberti, E. Pastori, L. Pizzimento, G. Proto

Summary: The Resistive Cylindrical Chamber (RCC) is a new generation of gaseous particle detectors that overcome the limitations of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) and expand their application range. By transitioning from planar to cylindrical geometry, while maintaining an almost planar electric field, the RCC achieves improved detection efficiency, increased gas pressure, and the possibility of using eco-friendly gases.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

An aerogel RICH detector for the next generation heavy-ion experiment at LHC

Giacomo Volpe

Summary: The ALICE collaboration is proposing a new apparatus, ALICE 3, to investigate the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) properties. In this context, conceptual studies for the development of a RICH detector for ALICE 3 are ongoing. The proposed baseline layout is a proximity-focusing RICH, using aerogel as Cherenkov radiator and Silicon Photomultipliers for photon detection. The detector specifications and performance obtained by Monte Carlo simulation are presented, along with the R&D challenges related to the design.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

A practical method of evaluating work functions

M. G. Mazarakis, E. Jongewaard, J. Ellsworth

Summary: This report presents experimental data and a step-by-step technique for evaluating the work functions of thermionic cathodes. The experiments were conducted using small-sized thermionic cathodes provided by Spectra-Mat corporation. The cathode electron current emission work function is emphasized as a crucial parameter for selecting cathodes in various applications.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Sub-millimeter resolution SiPM-based neutron anger camera

M. Loyd, A. Khaplanov, V. Sedov, J. Beal, T. Visscher, C. Donahue, C. Montcalm, G. Warren, R. Butz, C. Boone, C. Hart, R. Riedel, Y. Diawara

Summary: Thermal and cold neutron beamlines require detector systems with high efficiency, large active area, and good spatial resolution. This study presents a new design of Anger camera using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) instead of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), offering better resolution, less distortion, and more compactness. The use of SiPMs also enables the camera to be used in strong magnetic fields, providing additional experimental capabilities.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Vertical time-of-flight spectroscopy of ultracold neutrons

Thomas Neulinger, Hanno Filter, Oliver Zimmer

Summary: This paper describes the mathematical foundation for analyzing vertical time-of-flight (TOF) measurements using ultracold neutrons (UCN). It enables the spectroscopy of UCN with kinetic energies below the neutron optical potential of the detector entrance window. The paper provides general treatment methods and transformation rules for converting vertical TOF spectra into other spectra of interest.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

A comparative study on full-energy peak efficiency calibration methods for HPGe detector: Virtual point detector, curve fitting, and machine learning models

Huynh Dinh Chuong, Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang, Le Thi Ngoc Trang, Nguyen Thi Truc Linh, Truong Thanh Sang, Nguyen Thanh Dat, Hoang Duc Tam

Summary: This paper presents a comparative study of three models, including virtual point detector (VPD), curve fitting (CF), and machine learning (ML), in determining the full-energy peak efficiency (FEPE) of HPGe detector. The study found that the ML model outperforms VPD and CF models in terms of accuracy.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Partially depleted operation of 250 μm-thick silicon carbide neutron detectors

M. H. Kushoro, M. Angelone, D. Bozzi, G. Gorini, F. La Via, E. Perelli Cippo, M. Pillon, M. Tardocchi, M. Rebai

Summary: This paper presents the characterization of a series of SiC detectors operated with partial polarization, achieving excellent energy resolution and detection characteristics for both alpha particles and neutrons. The results demonstrate the potential of SiC detectors for fast neutron detection in fusion experiments. The limitations and challenges for manufacturing thick SiCs in the future are also discussed.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Characterization of LAPPD timing at CERN PS testbeam

Deb Sankar Bhattacharya, Andrea Bressan, Chandradoy Chatterjee, Silvia Dalla Torre, Mauro Gregori, Alexander Kiselev, Stefano Levorato, Anna Martin, Saverio Minutoli, Mikhail Osipenko, Richa Rai, Marco Ripani, Fulvio Tessarotto, Triloki Triloki

Summary: In this article, we report on the measurement of the time resolution of an LAPPD prototype using Cherenkov radiation emitted by high energy hadrons. Our approach has demonstrated the capability of measuring time resolutions as fine as 25-30 ps. The measured time resolution for single photoelectrons is about 80 ps r.m.s.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Fabrication and characterization of self-supporting and backed 107Ag targets for lifetime measurements using RDM and DSAM

Bharti Rohila, S. R. Abhilash, Diwanshu, Chetan Sharma, Devinder Mehta, Ashok Kumar

Summary: Self-supporting and Au backed Ag-107 targets have been fabricated using a combination of cold rolling and e-beam melting technique. The method is efficient, resulting in targets without significant material loss or major contamination. Various techniques have been used for thickness measurements and characterizations, and one of the fabricated targets has been successfully used in a nuclear physics experiment.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Reduction of light output of plastic scintillator tiles during irradiation at cold temperatures and in low-oxygen environments

B. Kronheim, A. Belloni, T. K. Edberg, S. C. Eno, C. Howe, C. Palmer, C. Papageorgakis, M. Paranjpe, S. Sriram

Summary: This paper presents measurements of the relative decrease of light output during irradiation of small plastic scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers. The study found substantial temporary damage during low-temperature irradiation, regardless of oxygen concentration and wrapping material. The wrapping material had an impact on the relative light loss, with the 3M(TM) Enhanced Specular Reflector Film showing the largest loss. The light loss was less at warmer temperatures and similar to that in standard atmosphere with 3% oxygen concentration. Evidence of a plateau in the radical density was seen for the data at 0 degrees C.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Atomistic modelling of electron propagation and radiation emission in oriented bent ultra-thin Si and Ge crystals

V. V. Haurylavets, V. K. Ivanov, A. V. Korol, A. V. Solov'yov

Summary: Computational modeling of high-energy electron passage through crystalline media is conducted using relativistic molecular dynamics. The results show good agreement with experimental data, demonstrating the accuracy of the simulations. Minor discrepancies between theory and experiment are discussed.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Eco-friendly Resistive Plate Chambers for detectors in future HEP applications

Luca Quaglia, R. Cardarelli, B. Liberti, E. Pastori, G. Proto, L. Pizzimento, A. Rocchi, G. Aielli, P. Camarri, A. Di Ciacco, L. Di Stante, R. Santonico, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, L. Massa, A. Polini, M. Romano, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, D. Piccolo, G. Saviano, M. Abbrescia, L. Congedo, M. De Serio, G. Galati, G. Pugliese, S. Simone, D. Ramos, P. Salvini, A. Samalan, M. Tytgat, N. Zaganidis, J. Eysermans, A. Ferretti, M. Gagliardi, L. Terlizzi, E. Vercellin, P. Dupieux, B. Joly, S. P. Manen, R. Guida, B. Mandelli, G. Rigoletti, M. Barroso, M. C. Arena, A. Pastore, R. Aly, M. Verzeroli, S. Buontempo

Summary: Resistive Plate Chamber detectors are widely used in current High Energy Physics experiments. However, efforts are being made to find eco-friendly gas alternatives to Tetrafluoroethane. The RPC EcoGas@GIF++ collaboration aims to improve RPC technology, evaluate the performance of RPCs with eco-friendly gas mixtures, and conduct aging tests.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2024)

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