Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luisa Schwarzmann, Rainer Ullrich Pliquett, Andreas Simm, Babett Bartling
Summary: NAD plays important roles as a coenzyme in metabolic reactions and cosubstrate in cell signaling pathways. The total NAD concentration in human plasma is low micromolar, with higher NAD(+)/NADH redox ratios in adult women compared to men of the same age. The sex-related difference in the plasma NAD(+)/NADH ratio decreases with age, but the overall values for total NAD and NAD(+)/NADH ratio do not change significantly with increasing age.
BIOSCIENCE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siwei Chen, Justine Lee, Tri Minh Truong, Sammy Alhassen, Pierre Baldi, Amal Alachkar
Summary: This study identified distinct metabolic profiles in neonatal and adult mouse brains, with lipid metabolites showing the most significant changes. Some lipid species exhibited up to 1000-fold changes. Additionally, age-dependent increases and decreases were observed among lipids and non-lipid metabolites, respectively.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lulu Guo, Jian Mao, Qidong Zhang, Wu Fan, Dingzhong Wang, Zhonghao Li, Jiaqiang Huang, Jianping Xie
Summary: The metabolism and disposition of nicotine in the brain play a crucial role in determining its exposure. A new method was developed to analyze the dynamic profiles of nicotine metabolites and neurotransmitters. Inhibiting nicotine metabolism can enhance the residence of nicotine in the brain and its local neurotransmitter effects.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
T. Hinault, M. Mijalkov, J. B. Pereira, Giovanni Volpe, A. Bakke, S. M. Courtney
Summary: The study links cognitive variability in older adults to the influence of white matter microstructure on task-related organization of brain regions' communication. It shows that individual differences in white matter network organization affect network clustering and efficiency in certain brainwave bands, which in turn explain cognitive performance disparities. Structural differences in network clustering are associated with cognitive performance discrepancies in older individuals.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christian Cordano, Bardia Nourbakhsh, Hao H. Yiu, Nico Papinutto, Eduardo Caverzasi, Ahmed Abdelhak, Frederike C. Oertel, Alexandra Beaudry-Richard, Adam Santaniello, Simone Sacco, Daniel J. Bennett, Apraham Gomez, Christina J. Sigurdson, Stephen L. Hauser, Roberta Magliozzi, Bruce A. C. Cree, Roland G. Henry, Ari J. Green
Summary: The rate of neurodegeneration in the retina and brain during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies with age, suggesting that the period of greatest inflammation coincides with the period of greatest neuroaxonal loss.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lena Klever, Pascal Mamassian, Jutta Billino
Summary: Visual confidence is influenced by age, with younger adults showing higher confidence efficiency and better perceptual performance compared to older adults. Individual differences in cognitive control capacities play a crucial role in confidence efficiency.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Qiang You, Dan Li, Haiyan Ding, Hongping Chen, Yuan Hu, Youping Liu
Summary: Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) are a subgroup of flavonoids with various health benefits. The number and position of hydroxy and methoxy groups play an important role in modulating the pharmacokinetics and metabolites of PMFs, with hydroxy-containing PMFs generally more cytotoxic than those without hydroxy groups.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sebastian S. Horn, Judith Avrahami, Yaakov Kareev, Ralph Hertwig
Summary: The study found that both younger and older adults were able to make adaptive resource allocations based on their relative strengths in interpersonal competition. Younger adults exhibited superior strategic allocation ability and were more likely to defeat older opponents in competition.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xueshu Li, Marco M. Hefti, Rachel F. Marek, Keri C. Hornbuckle, Kai Wang, Hans-Joachim Lehmler
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of PCBs and OH-PCBs in the human brain, finding higher levels of PCBs in adult brains and significant contributions of lower chlorinated PCBs to neurotoxicity in some donors.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Su-Ling Yeh, Shuo-Heng Li, Li Jingling, Joshua O. S. Goh, Yi-Ping Chao, Arthur C. Tsai
Summary: This study investigated whether older adults benefit from a larger mental-lexicon size and world knowledge in processing idioms. The results showed that older adults had higher accuracy for frequent idioms compared to younger adults, and they exhibited higher activations in brain regions related to semantic representation when processing idioms. In addition, older adults adopted the thinking-aloud strategy in the idiom judgment task.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ashley F. P. Sanders, Michael P. Harms, Sridhar Kandala, Scott Marek, Leah H. Somerville, Susan Y. Bookheimer, Mirella Dapretto, Kathleen M. Thomas, David C. Van Essen, Essa Yacoub, Deanna M. Barch
Summary: The human brain remains active during rest, and functional MRI signals reveal an intrinsic functional architecture. Functional networks undergo varying maturation patterns during childhood and adolescence, and measures of functional connectivity differ based on age. However, many aspects of these developmental patterns remain unresolved.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tiffany Bell, Akashroop Khaira, Mehak Stokoe, Megan Webb, Melanie Noel, Farnaz Amoozegar, Ashley D. Harris
Summary: This study found interactive effects of age, sex, and pubertal status on resting-state functional connectivity in youth with migraine, particularly in visual and salience networks, default mode network, and visual and frontal parietal networks. The results also demonstrate that brain alterations begin early in youth with migraine and are modulated by development.
JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN
(2021)
Article
Forestry
David Lindenmayer, Wade Blanchard, Lachlan McBurney, Elle Bowd, Kara Youngentob, Karen Marsh, Chris Taylor
Summary: The study shows that forests of different ages can significantly affect microclimatic conditions, with younger forests generally experiencing higher daytime maximum temperatures, lower nighttime minimum temperatures, and greater day-night temperature variations. Structural differences may explain the seasonal variations in local microclimatic conditions related to stand age.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jarkko Johansson, Kristin Nordin, Robin Pedersen, Nina Karalija, Goran Papenberg, Micael Andersson, Saana M. Korkki, Katrine Riklund, Marc Guitart-Masip, Anna Rieckmann, Lars Backman, Lars Nyberg, Alireza Salami
Summary: Age-related alterations in D1-like dopamine receptor have distinct implications for human cognition and behavior, with a pivot point at approximately 40 years of age. Particularly, caudate D1DR differences in midlife and beyond are associated with manifestation of white matter lesions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amirhossein Rasooli, Hamed Zivari Adab, Peter Van Ruitenbeek, Akila Weerasekera, Sima Chalavi, Koen Cuypers, Oron Levin, Thijs Dhollander, Ronald Peeters, Stefan Sunaert, Dante Mantini, Stephan P. Swinnen
Summary: Aging is associated with changes in the central nervous system and leads to reduced life quality. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion MRI were used to investigate the age-related differences in the CNS underlying motor performance deficits. The study found that aging was associated with increased reaction time, reduced fiber density (FD), and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) concentration in the sensorimotor voxel. Both FD and NAA mediated the association between age and reaction time, and NAA concentration mediated the association between age and FD in the sensorimotor voxel. The decrease in NAA concentration may result in reduced axonal fiber density, which ultimately accounts for the response slowness of older participants.