Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. L. P. G. Amaral, V. E. R. Lemes, O. S. Ventura, L. C. Q. Vilar
Summary: After the phase transition of a grand unified theory, the couplings of the basic interactions split from the single coupling. In the symmetric phase, the couplings associated with SU(2) and U(1) symmetries were already distinct before the electroweak breaking, as determined by the measurement of the Weinberg mixing angle. Each independent coupling should be associated with independent cocycles defined on a cohomological basis from the perspective of BRST symmetry.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Guodong Liu, Hui Liu, Ju Wang, Shangtong Jia, Guozhou Li, Yifan Li, Yunan Gao, Hong Yang, Shufeng Wang, Qihuang Gong
Summary: In this study, novel single-mode lasers based on non-Hermitian physics are designed to overcome the inadequate mode performance issue when the free spectral range is small. A perovskite microlaser, composed of two partly fused microdisks, is introduced. Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs under uniform pumping, resulting in directional single-mode lasing in the visible range with improved side-mode suppression ratio. Additionally, the microcavity property enables a wide pump range, where the single mode remains stable even at 2.4 times the pumping threshold. The structural design with spontaneous symmetry breaking opens up a new avenue for synthetic single-mode laser systems and other photonic devices in the visible range.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Chris Elliott, Owen Gwilliam
Summary: This passage explores symmetry breaking in field theory using derived geometry and the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism. It focuses on interpreting Ginzburg-Landau and Yang-Mills-Higgs theories, and provides a reformulation of gauge-fixing conditions for spontaneously broken gauge theory.
JOURNAL OF GEOMETRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Arianna Borrelli
Summary: The paper presents an analysis of the notion of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a historical-epistemological context, suggesting it as a template for understanding symmetry and asymmetry in physics and natural sciences. Spontaneous symmetry breaking is described as a hybrid narrative involving formulas, verbal statements, images, and other media, allowing for an explanation of non-symmetric phenomena or models. The examination of how spontaneous symmetry breaking is presented in physics textbooks and the reconstruction of its emergence from the late 1950s to the 1970s support the idea that it has become a key physical notion.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Deshui Yu, Frank Vollmer
Summary: This study introduces a new model that takes into account the internal dynamics of active particles, and numerically investigates the PT symmetry of macroscopic- and microscopic-sized laser systems operating in the strong-coupling regime. Distinct phase diagrams are drawn based on the features of intracavity photon numbers and emission spectra. This work extends PT-symmetric optics from weak to strong coupling limits, potentially leading to nonclassical PT-symmetric light sources for integrated photonic networks and ultrasensitive sensors.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
G. Endrodi, T. G. Kovacs, G. Marko
Summary: This study investigates spontaneously broken quantum field theories with a continuous global symmetry group using the constraint effective potential approach. It finds that the path integral is dominated by inhomogeneous field configurations related to the flatness of the effective potential in the broken phase. The study introduces the concept of differential surface tension to characterize inhomogeneities and explores possible implications for the chiral limit of QCD.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael Winer, Brian Swingle
Summary: The spectral statistics of quantum chaotic systems are influenced by global symmetries and symmetry breaking, showing clear signatures in the energy eigenvalues.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mojca Vilfan, Borut Lampret, Ziga Gregorin, Luka Cmok, Andrej Vilfan, Juergen Klepp, Joachim Kohlbrecher, Patricija Hribar Bostjancic, Darja Lisjak, Alenka Mertelj
Summary: The authors report on the experimental observation of spontaneous stripe formation in a ferromagnetic ferrofluid in the presence of an oscillating external magnetic field. The striped structure is identified as elongated magnetic domains, which exhibit reorientation upon reversal of the magnetic field. The stripes are oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field and are separated by alternating flow lanes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hetian Chen, Di Yi, Ben Xu, Jing Ma, Cewen Nan
Summary: By using first-principles simulations, the properties of an edge dislocation core in SrTiO3 were explored, revealing spontaneous symmetry breaking and proposing a model to quantitatively estimate the atomic configuration of SrTiO3 under complex strain conditions.
MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. A. Escobar, Roman Linares
Summary: This work explores the spontaneous symmetry breaking in certain nonlinear theories with second-class constraints. The constraints and degrees of freedom are analyzed using Dirac's method, and the corresponding effective Hamiltonian is explicitly constructed. It is shown that at critical values of the effective Hamiltonian, the symplectic structure becomes degenerate. Under the condition of spontaneous symmetry breaking, the second-class constraints behave as first-class ones on certain regions of the phase space, leading to undefined Dirac's brackets and a modification of the number of degrees of freedom.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Riccardo Ciola, Kitinan Pongsangangan, Ronny Thomale, Lars Fritz
Summary: Research on kagome metals reveals the possibility of chiral symmetry breaking, with a dimerization pattern identified as the leading instability causing excitation gap opening at the Dirac point and breaking chiral symmetry. Through a lattice model analysis, the critical coupling strength and ordering pattern were determined, shedding light on the unique characteristics of kagome metals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jared L. Callaham, Georgios Rigas, Jean-Christophe Loiseau, Steven L. Brunton
Summary: Improved turbulence modeling remains a major open problem in mathematical physics due to the multiscale nature of turbulence. This study presents a data-driven modeling approach to approximate turbulent fluctuations by learning nonlinear models of coherent structures. Experimental results on a high-Reynolds number turbulent wake validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reproducing empirical power spectra and probability distributions. The interpretable model also provides insights into the physical mechanisms underlying the symmetry-breaking behavior in the wake. This work suggests a potential path to low-dimensional models of globally unstable turbulent flows from experimental measurements, with broad implications for other multiscale systems.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. Jakovac, P. Mati, P. Posfay
Summary: This article proposes an approach to describe spontaneous symmetry breaking without relying on the order parameter dependent free energy. Instead, a Ward ratio is used to represent the symmetry breaking, and a unified scale evolution of the effective potential is applicable in both phases.
Article
Mechanics
Krishnamurthy Ravichandar, R. Dennis Vigil, Rodney O. Fox, Stephanie Nachtigall, Andreas Daiss, Michal Vonka, Michael G. Olsen
Summary: Droplet dispersion in liquid-liquid systems is a crucial step in various industries. This study investigates droplet breakup using a novel method and finds that breakage time and breakage probability increase with increasing parent droplet size, while the shape of the child drop size distribution depends on the size of the parent droplet.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dharmendra Pant, Sandip Aryal, Subhasish Mandal, Ranjit Pati
Summary: Researchers have revealed ferromagnetism in twisted bilayer graphene nanoflex using first-principles approach, finding that the ferromagnetic phase appears irregularly between 0 and 30 degrees, rather than only at specific “magic angles”. The origin of electronic instability is attributed to aperiodic modulation of interlayer interaction in the nanoflex, resulting in the breaking of several higher-symmetry phases to lower the energy.
Article
Mechanics
Valentina Valori, Alessio Innocenti, Berengere Dubrulle, Sergio Chibbaro
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2020)
Article
Mechanics
S. Saha, B. Saint-Michel, V Leynes, B. P. Binks, V Garbin
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
V Labarre, B. Dubrulle, D. Paillard
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2020)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Zecong Qin, Hugues Faller, Berengere Dubrulle, Aurore Naso, Wouter J. T. Bos
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Brice Saint-Michel, Valeria Garbin
CURRENT OPINION IN COLLOID & INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Vincent Labarre, Didier Paillard, Berengere Dubrulle
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
L. Cappanera, P. Debue, H. Faller, D. Kuzzay, E-W Saw, C. Nore, J-L Guermond, F. Daviaud, C. Wiertel-Gasquet, B. Dubrulle
Summary: This paper investigates the comparison between experimental, direct numerical simulation (DNS), and large eddy simulation (LES) results in a von Karman flow, where two counter-rotating impellers are driving the fluid in a cylindrical container. The study validates the proposed LES model and demonstrates a high level of agreement between numerical and experimental data, indicating that each technique can be used with high confidence to explore and understand turbulence in complex flows at Reynolds numbers of O(10^5) and beyond.
COMPUTERS & FLUIDS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
H. Faller, D. Geneste, T. Chaabo, A. Cheminet, V. Valori, Y. Ostovan, L. Cappanera, Ch. Cuvier, F. Daviaud, J. -M. Foucaut, J. -L. Guermond, J. -Ph. Laval, C. Nore, V. Padilla, C. Wiertel, B. Dubrulle
Summary: Through numerical and experimental data, the study finds that the structure functions of small scale turbulence exhibit a generalized extended scaling and have consistent multi-fractal spectra, supporting a local refined hypothesis. Both areas of strong vorticity and strong local energy transfer show high intermittency and correlation. In the shear layer, there is a stronger correlation between vorticity and local energy transfer, possibly indicating a self-similar quasi-singular structure dominating the scaling properties of large order structure functions.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
P. Debue, V. Valori, C. Cuvier, F. Daviaud, J. -M. Foucaut, J. -P. Laval, C. Wiertel, V. Padilla, B. Dubrulle
Summary: By studying the three-dimensional structure of turbulent velocity fields around extreme events of local energy transfer in the dissipative range, it was found that most extreme events of local energy transfer correspond to the vortex stretching topology, with large velocity and vorticity norms, and the structure of the vorticity field around these events agrees with previous observations.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Adam Cheminet, Yasar Ostovan, Valentina Valori, Christophe Cuvier, Fancois Daviaud, Paul Debue, Berengere Dubrulle, Jean-Marc Foucaut, Jean-Philippe Laval
Summary: The study investigates denoising of Lagrangian trajectories using regularized B-spline and introduces innovative tuning strategies to optimize algorithms for 4D-PTV measurements of turbulent flows. The strategies are found to be more adaptable to real experimental noise compared to conventional methods after testing on synthetic trajectories and experimental data.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Brice Saint-Michel, George Petekidis, Valeria Garbin
Summary: The dynamics of a deformable inclusion, such as a bubble, can be used to locally tune the microstructure of a colloidal gel. Bubble dissolution leads to the formation of a solvent pocket, while ultrasound-induced bubble oscillations rearrange the gel particles into a microstructure with increased local ordering.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hugues Faller, Lucas Fery, Damien Geneste, Berengere Dubrulle
Summary: We introduce a model of interacting singularities of Navier-Stokes equations, named pincons. This model can be seen as a generalization of the vorton model of Novikov that was derived for the Euler equations. The pincons exhibit self-motion and can maintain a non-equilibrium state under certain conditions.
Review
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Berengere Dubrulle
Summary: Kolmogorov's theory explains the hierarchical organization of vortices and the universal energy spectrum observed in turbulent flows. However, finer observations reveal intermittency and high velocity derivatives, which can be explained using the concept of multi-fractality.
FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL
(2022)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Berengere Dubrulle, Francois Daviaud, Davide Faranda, Louis Marie, Brice Saint-Michel
Summary: This article explores the scientific admissibility of climate projections and predictions, focusing on transitions between metastable states in atmospheric and oceanic circulations. By examining climate models' ability to replicate spontaneous or forced transitions in weather patterns, the study draws an analogy to laboratory-scale turbulent flows. Factors such as the nature of transitions, degrees of freedom, and the role of fluctuations are investigated, emphasizing the importance of accurately capturing small-scale fluctuations.
NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Brice Saint-Michel, Valeria Garbin
