Theory for shear-induced segregation of dense granular mixtures

It is well known that a mixture of different sized particles will segregate in a gravitational field. However, it has only recently been shown that a gradient of shear rate alone can drive segregation in dense sheared systems. In contrast with sparse energetic granular materials, in dense sheared systems, large particles segregate to regions with higher shear rates. In this paper, we develop a model for shear-induced segregation in dense mixtures of different sized particles. The model is comprised of two primary parts. The first involves the tendency of a gradient in kinetic stress-stress associated with velocity fluctuation correlations-to drive all particles toward regions of low shear rate. The second is essentially a kinetic sieving effect in which small particles are more likely than large particles to find voids into which they can travel. The two features together segregate small particles to regions of low shear rate and squeeze large particles in the opposite direction. We validate this model via three-dimensional discrete element method simulations in a vertical chute.