Journal
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/12/5/055023
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- EC
- FWF
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [Z 118] Funding Source: researchfish
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We study the collisional processes that can lead to thermalization in one-dimensional (1D) systems. For two-body collisions, excitations of transverse modes are the prerequisite for energy exchange and thermalization. At very low temperatures, excitations of transverse modes are exponentially suppressed, thermalization by two-body collisions stops and the system should become integrable. In quantum mechanics, virtual excitations of higher radial modes are possible. These virtually excited radial modes give rise to effective three-body velocity-changing collisions, which lead to thermalization. We show that these three-body elastic interactions are suppressed by pairwise quantum correlations when approaching the strongly correlated regime. If the relative momentum k is small compared with the two-body coupling constant c, the three-particle scattering state is suppressed by a factor of (k/c)(12), which is proportional to gamma(-12), that is, to the square of the three-body correlation function at zero distance in the limit of the Lieb-Liniger parameter gamma >> 1. This demonstrates that in 1D quantum systems, it is not the freeze-out of two-body collisions but the strong quantum correlations that ensure absence of thermalization on experimentally relevant time scales.
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