Review
Polymer Science
Noor Buchholz, Alberto Budia, Julia de la Cruz, Wolfgang Kram, Owen Humphreys, Meital Reches, Raquel Valero Boix, Federico Soria
Summary: This study summarizes and evaluates pre-clinical assessment models for urinary stents, including in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. The study finds that computer simulation poses challenges and further in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evaluations are necessary. The study provides a step-by-step guide for setting up ex vivo models and discusses the pros and cons of available animal models. A transparent multidisciplinary approach is essential for successful implementation of new or modified stents.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Andrea M. Sartori, Bernhard Kiss, Livio Mordasini, Claudio Pollo, Michael Schupbach, Fiona C. Burkhard, Martin E. Schwab, Alain Kaelin-Lang, Thomas M. Kessler
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on lower urinary tract (LUT) function in patients with movement disorders. The results showed that the outcomes varied depending on the stimulation location, highlighting the importance of counseling patients about the potential effects on LUT function prior to surgery.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY FOCUS
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Nelson T. Peterson, Chad M. Vezina
Summary: Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is a common condition in men that imposes significant physical, mental, social, and financial burdens on society. However, research on the influence of environmental chemicals on LUTD is lacking. This review provides toxicologists with an overview of the disease process and the role of environmental chemicals in contributing to LUTD, using both men and male mice as research models.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adam W. Doelman, Femke Streijger, Steve J. A. Majerus, Margot S. Damaser, Brian K. Kwon
Summary: Neurogenic bladder dysfunction is a common condition after spinal cord injury, and animal models are crucial for studying its mechanisms and testing potential therapies. This review summarizes the use of animal models, particularly cystometry testing, in assessing SCI-related NLUTD. The advantages, disadvantages, and future research opportunities of different animal models are also discussed.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Iwona Gabriel, Allison F. Vitonis, Stacey A. Missmer, Ayotunde Fadayomi, Amy D. DiVasta, Kathryn L. Terry, Vatche A. Minassian
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine if women with endometriosis experience lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) more often than those without. The study found that women with surgically confirmed endometriosis were more likely to report LUTS, including difficulty passing urine, still feeling full after urination, having to urinate again within minutes of urinating, dysuria, and pain when the bladder is full.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Raphael F. Canadas, Ziyu Liu, Luca Gasperini, Diogo C. Fernandes, Fatima R. Maia, Rui L. Reis, Alexandra P. Marques, Chaozong Liu, Joaquim M. Oliveira
Summary: In this study, a compartmentalized rotational 3D cell culture platform is proposed for simulating gradient tissue culture conditions. Controlled flow dynamics are used to enable tissue stratification. The platform improves cell culture viability and construct maturation, and has broad applications in tissue engineering and drug discovery/screening.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Liwei Duan, Zongliang Wang, Shuang Fan, Chen Wang, Yi Zhang
Summary: In recent decades, there has been substantial interest in bioactive and biomimetic biomaterials for reconstructing urinary tissues. Innovative technologies have also emerged in urinary tissue engineering, enabling the reproduction of hierarchical structures and tissue functions of the bladder, urethra, and ureter. Nanofibrous biomaterials derived from natural tissues, synthetic biopolymers, and hybrid scaffolds, as well as growth factors and inorganic nanomaterials, have been developed to enhance the functionality of scaffolds. Advanced approaches like 3D printing and organoids have been utilized to facilitate structural and functional regeneration of the urological system.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elissa Elia, David Brownell, Stephane Chabaud, Stephane Bolduc
Summary: This passage discusses the similarities between the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, which both consist of hollow structures that rely on muscle contractions to facilitate the flow of materials. It describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of these organs, with a particular emphasis on tissue engineering strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Daniel J. Vandenheuvel, Brenna L. Devlin, Pascal R. Buenzli, Maria A. Woodruff, Matthew J. Simpson
Summary: Understanding the influence of pore geometry on tissue growth is crucial for tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated the effects of square-shaped and non-square pores with wave-shaped boundaries on tissue growth using osteoblastic cells. Our results suggest that cell migration and cell proliferation rates are not significantly influenced by pore geometries, indicating that observed curvature effects on tissue growth are mainly due to space availability. This finding provides a basis for estimating parameters and predicting tissue growth in more realistic and complex pores using simple square-shaped pores.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Bahadorreza Ofoghi, John Yearwood
Summary: This article introduces two new knowledge bases for categorizing mixed-integer linear programming problems and standardizing the element definitions of MILP models. These knowledge structures can help us understand and develop MILP models for combinatorial business optimization problems.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Seong Hyeon Yu, Seung Il Jung
Summary: Historically, urine was believed to be sterile, but recent studies have shown the presence of bacteria and microbial DNA in urine. This article focuses on the evidence of a microbial presence in urine and its association with lower urinary tract symptoms, particularly in men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yu-Chen Chen, Yin-Chi Liang, Shuo-Jung Ho, Hao-Wei Chen, Yung-Shun Juan, Wei-Chung Tsai, Shu-Pin Huang, Jung-Ting Lee, Yu-Peng Liu, Chung-Yao Kao, Yen-Ko Lin, Cheng-Yu Long, Meng-Ni Wu, Chao-Ju Chen, Wen-Jeng Wu
Summary: The study found that storage lower urinary tract symptoms may deteriorate after COVID-19 vaccination, with individuals pre-existing overactive bladder being more susceptible to worsening of storage LUTS post-vaccination.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jamison E. Montes de Oca, Michael P. Veve, Marcus J. Zervos, Rachel M. Kenney
Summary: This study compares the outcomes of Aminopenicillins (APs) and non-Aminopenicillins (NAPs) in treating enterococcal lower urinary tract infection (UTI). The results show that APs are non-inferior to NAPs and can be considered regardless of susceptibility results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Joseph T. Kowalski, Jonathan B. Wiseman, Abigail R. Smith, Margaret E. Helmuth, Anne Cameron, John O. L. DeLancey, Whitney K. Hendrickson, J. Eric Jelovsek, Anna Kirby, Karl Kreder, H. Henry Lai, Margaret Mueller, Nazema Siddiqui, Catherine S. Bradley
Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between pelvic organ prolapse and lower urinary tract symptoms, and to assess the changes in symptoms over 12 months. The results showed a positive association between prolapse and obstructive symptoms, and a negative association between overall lower urinary tract symptom severity and prolapse. Lower urinary tract symptom scores improved over 12 months regardless of prolapse status.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marina Ceprnja, Damir Oros, Ena Melvan, Ema Svetlicic, Jasenka Skrlin, Karmela Barisic, Lucija Starcevic, Jurica Zucko, Antonio Starcevic
Summary: A decade ago, urinary tract was thought to be sterile, but now it is known to have native microbiota. Dysbiosis in the UT can lead to cystitis, especially common among women. Analysis of urine samples from 28 patients identified a specific class of bacteria associated with majority of cystitis cases, with models predicting a protective role of two bacterial classes in suppressing pathogen overgrowth.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Cesare Corrado, Orod Razeghi, Caroline Roney, Sam Coveney, Steven Williams, Iain Sim, Mark O'Neill, Richard Wilkinson, Jeremy Oakley, Richard H. Clayton, Steven Niederer
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2020)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard H. Clayton, Yasser Aboelkassem, Chris D. Cantwell, Cesare Corrado, Tammo Delhaas, Wouter Huberts, Chon Lok Lei, Haibo Ni, Alexander V. Panfilov, Caroline Roney, Rodrigo Weber dos Santos
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2020)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gary R. Mirams, Steven A. Niederer, Richard H. Clayton
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sam Coveney, Cesare Corrado, Caroline H. Roney, Daniel O'Hare, Steven E. Williams, Mark D. O'Neill, Steven A. Niederer, Richard H. Clayton, Jeremy E. Oakley, Richard D. Wilkinson
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Physiology
Dhani Dharmaprani, Evan Jenkins, Martin Aguilar, Jing X. Quah, Anandaroop Lahiri, Kathryn Tiver, Lewis Mitchell, Pawel Kuklik, Christian Meyer, Stephan Willems, Richard Clayton, Martyn Nash, Stanley Nattel, Andrew D. McGavigan, Anand N. Ganesan
Summary: This study establishes a quantitative framework to characterize the population dynamics of phase singularities and wavelets in human atrial fibrillation, demonstrating that their formation and destruction can be represented as renewal processes. By utilizing the M/M/infinity birth-death process model, it accurately models the observed average number and distribution of phase singularities and wavelets in different systems at various scales.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Sam Coveney, Cesare Corrado, Jeremy E. Oakley, Richard D. Wilkinson, Steven A. Niederer, Richard H. Clayton
Summary: Calibration of cardiac electrophysiology models is crucial for predicting cardiac therapies outcomes, testing device performance and researching cardiac function. Restitution curve emulators, based on principal component analysis and Gaussian processes, can explore models, analyze sensitivity, and calibrate models to noisy data, providing a promising tool for parameter identifiability and prediction uncertainty.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Michail Mamalakis, Andrew J. Swift, Bart Vorselaars, Surajit Ray, Simonne Weeks, Weiping Ding, Richard H. Clayton, Louise S. Mackenzie, Abhirup Banerjee
Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the health of the global population, with pneumonia and tuberculosis continuing to pose challenges to the healthcare system. By developing a new deep transfer learning pipeline named DenResCov-19, it is possible to diagnose COVID-19, pneumonia, TB, or healthy based on chest X-ray images.
COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING AND GRAPHICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Michail Mamalakis, Pankaj Garg, Tom Nelson, Justin Lee, Jim M. Wild, Richard H. Clayton
Summary: MA-SOCRATIS is an unsupervised automatic pipeline for segmenting left ventricular myocardium and scar regions from LGE-MRI images. It employs two different pipelines for myocardial and scar segmentation, achieving robust and accurate performance without the need for training or tuning.
COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING AND GRAPHICS
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dhani Dharmaprani, Evan V. Jenkins, Jing X. Quah, Anandaroop Lahiri, Kathryn Tiver, Lewis Mitchell, Christopher P. Bradley, Martin Hayward, David J. Paterson, Peter Taggart, Richard H. Clayton, Martyn P. Nash, Anand N. Ganesan
Summary: In this study, a single equation derived from a Markov M/M/8 birth-death process successfully predicted the number of rotors and wavelets occurring in human VF. The study also showed differences between self-terminating VF episodes and VF episodes requiring termination, and found that rotors with longer durations had shorter interactivation time intervals.
Correction
Physiology
Sam Coveney, Cesare Corrado, Jeremy E. Oakley, Richard D. Wilkinson, Steven A. Niederer, Richard H. Clayton
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Caroline H. Roney, Nicholas Child, Bradley Porter, Iain Sim, John Whitaker, Richard H. Clayton, Jacob Laughner, Allan Shuros, Petr Neuzil, Steven E. Williams, Reza S. Razavi, Mark O'Neill, Christopher A. Rinaldi, Peter Taggart, Matt Wright, Jaswinder S. Gill, Steven A. Niederer
Summary: This study identified preferential activation pathways during atrial fibrillation (AF) and demonstrated that targeting patient-specific activation pathways from the pulmonary vein antra to the left atrial body using pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) can result in successful termination of AF during the procedure.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Justin M. S. Lee, Thomas A. Nelson, Richard H. Clayton, Nicholas F. Kelland
Summary: The study found that activation distribution in patients with persistent AF appears in specific locations with high temporal stability, unrelated to low voltage areas. Local irregular activity shows the highest temporal stability, while voltage is similar in regions with and without CDA.
JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIA
(2022)
Article
Biology
Cesare Corrado, Caroline H. Roney, Orod Razeghi, Jose Alonso Solis Lemus, Sam Coveney, Iain Sim, Steven E. Williams, Mark D. O'Neill, Richard D. Wilkinson, Richard H. Clayton, Steven A. Niederer
Summary: Researchers used a Bayesian shape model to describe the anatomy of the left atrium and propagate uncertainty from images to clinical predictions. They found that a deterministic model did not always predict the most likely outcome. Additionally, shape uncertainty affected the prediction of macro-re-entries, while fibrosis uncertainty affected the prediction of functional re-entries.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Evan V. Jenkins, Dhani Dharmaprani, Madeline Schopp, Jing Xian Quah, Kathryn Tiver, Lewis Mitchell, Martyn P. Nash, Richard H. Clayton, Kenneth Pope, Anand N. Ganesan
Summary: This study investigates the influence of phase singularity (PS) population size on the formation and destruction rates of PS in atrial and ventricular fibrillation (AF/VF). Results from computational simulations, human AF and human VF indicate that the changes in PS population affect the formation and destruction rates, suggesting the presence of inhibitory interactions between PS.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alan Bernjak, Ahmed Iqbal, Simon R. Heller, Richard H. Clayton
Summary: In this study, the effects of hypoglycaemia on the sinoatrial node were investigated using a computational model, showing that hypoglycaemia leads to a decrease in heart rate, particularly when combined with hypokalaemia. Sympathetic stimulus had a reduced effect while parasympathetic stimulus had an enhanced effect, indicating a potential mechanistic explanation for hypoglycaemia-induced bradycardia and sinus arrest as a possible mechanism for sudden cardiac death in people with diabetes.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)