Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Haris Masood, Amad Zafar, Muhammad Umair Ali, Tehseen Hussain, Muhammad Attique Khan, Usman Tariq, Robertas Damasevicius
Summary: Tracking moving objects is a promising yet challenging research area in computer vision, pattern recognition, and image processing. In this paper, a stochastic gradient-based optimization technique combined with particle filters is proposed for object tracking. The results show that the gradient-based tracking algorithm provides better accuracy and speed compared to similar state-of-the-art tracking algorithms.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alice Cadoret, Laurence Dion-Albert, Sara Amrani, Laurianne Caron, Mathilde Theberge, Audrey Turmel, Manon Lebel, Caroline Menard
Summary: Experiences and emotions have an impact on memory consolidation and brain neuronal circuits. This study investigates the relationship between emotional valence, memory encoding, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) gene expression. The results show correlations between learning difficulties, anxiety, stress, and changes in BBB-associated gene expression.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jessica Aquino, Matheus A. Moreira, Nathalia C. L. Evangelista, Rafael S. Maior, Marilia Barros
Summary: By assessing the performance of capuchin monkeys on the SOR task, it was found that they are able to recognize objects after both short and long delays, while increasing the length of the familiarization phase does not significantly affect task performance. These results support the use of incidental learning paradigms to assess recognition memory in nonhuman primates.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yong Hoon Chung, Timothy F. Brady, Viola S. Stormer
Summary: Prominent theories of visual working memory propose that the capacity to maintain a specific visual feature is fixed. However, recent studies have shown that meaningful objects are better remembered than nonmeaningful stimuli. Our research demonstrates that the capacity for color in visual working memory is greater when colors are part of recognizable real-world objects compared to unrecognizable objects.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Arthur Rocha-Gomes, Amanda Escobar Teixeira, Camilla Mainy Oliveira Santiago, Dalila Gomes de Oliveira, Alexandre Alves da Silva, Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda, Tania Regina Riul, Vanessa Amaral Mendonca, Etel Rocha-Vieira, Hercules Ribeiro Leite
Summary: Offspring of high-fat diet fed dams showed increased hippocampus IL-6 levels and impaired short-term memories, while these effects were avoided in offspring exposed to prenatal LPS. Prenatal LPS exposure led to higher IL-10 levels, increased antioxidant activity, and no memory impairments in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the offspring.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hayarelis Moreno, Isabel de Brugada
Summary: Previous studies have shown that supplementing choline during the embryonic period can improve memory tasks in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal dietary choline supplementation on long-term memory development in rats. The results suggest that prenatal choline supplementation accelerates the development of long-term memory in rats.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mona Rahdar, Razieh Hajisoltani, Shima Davoudi, Seyed Asaad Karimi, Mehdi Borjkhani, Vahid Ahli Khatibi, Narges Hosseinmardi, Gila Behzadi, Mahyar Janahmadi
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by sensory abnormalities, social skills impairment, and cognitive deficits. This study investigated the impact of prenatal exposure to valproic acid in rats and revealed that it caused abnormal nociception and impairment of recognition memory. Additionally, the exposed rats showed altered excitability features in neurons and an increase in the number of NADPH-diaphorase stained neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Terry W. Belke, W. David Pierce, Christine A. Sexton
Summary: The study found that operant wheel running is influenced by automatic reinforcement generated by wheel activity and an adjunctive pattern of running induced by the temporal presentation of sucrose, rather than by sucrose reinforcement as a reinforcing consequence.
JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Valeria Lallai, Letizia Manca, Yasmine Sherafat, Christie D. Fowler
Summary: The combined prenatal exposure to nicotine and THC has different effects on cognitive behaviors, with differing effects within male and female groups.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Emre Adiguzel, Nuh Mehmet Bozkurt, Gokhan Unal
Summary: This study investigated the effects of omega-3 and astaxanthin on a rat model of autism induced by VPA. The results showed that both astaxanthin and omega-3, either alone or in combination, improved the autistic-like behavior and molecular changes in the VPA model. These findings suggest potential anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 and astaxanthin.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Melfi A. Alrasheedi, S. Jeevaraj
Summary: The paper aims to define a new Membership score function on the class of interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers, overcoming the drawbacks of existing ranking methods. Firstly, the limitations of various ranking functions in ordering/comparing interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers are presented. Secondly, a new Membership score function is defined and its properties are studied. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing it with other existing methods, and the applicability is shown through a numerical example solving interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making problems.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Kana Eguchi, Ryosuke Aoki
Summary: Recent innovations in wearable devices have expanded the usage opportunities of single-channel electrocardiography (ECG) recordings in daily life and enabled monitoring of daily activities based on heart rate variability (HRV). However, wearable ECGs are rarely visually inspected by medical experts, leading to potential noise or artifacts. In this study, we propose subdividing the traditional HRV analysis flow into four steps for improved accuracy, and introduce a method for identifying the QRS complex in single-channel wearable ECGs. Initial evaluations show that our proposed approach is effective in improving HRV calculation accuracy and maintaining accurate QRS complex identification. This interdisciplinary research between clinical medicine and engineering/informatics encourages a reexamination of each step in HRV analysis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marie C. Conway, Emeir M. McSorley, Maria S. Mulhern, Toni Spence, Edwin van Wijngaarden, Gene E. Watson, Karin Wahlberg, Daniela Pineda, Karin Broberg, Barry W. Hyland, Diego F. Cobice, J. J. Strain, Alison J. Yeates
Summary: The study found that consuming two portions of fish per week significantly increased concentrations of EPA, DHA, and total n-3 PUFA in women of childbearing age, with a lower n-6:n-3 ratio compared to those consuming no fish or one portion per week. However, fish consumption did not have a significant effect on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in the current study.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Timothy Anderson, Alyssa K. Merrill, Matthew L. Eckard, Elena Marvin, Katherine Conrad, Kevin Welle, Gunter Oberdorster, Marissa Sobolewski, Deborah A. Cory-Slechta
Summary: This study found that prolonged low-dose inhalation of paraquat can result in its deposition in various brain regions, leading to olfactory impairment, which is a prodromal feature of Parkinson's disease.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Christine Bambi Lung, Gene E. Watson, Swati Verma, Changyong Feng, Ralph H. Saunders
Summary: This study compared the duration of effect of Biotene Moisturizing Spray and water spray on xerostomia, finding that both had variable durations averaging around 30 minutes and were affected by the level of hyposalivation in patients.
ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Szilvia Arany, Dorota T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski, Thomas Caprio, Gene E. Watson
Summary: This article focuses on the impact of medications on dry mouth, mentioning the mechanisms of AC medications, adverse effects, and management strategies to prevent oral health damage. While many studies have reported the frequency of medication-induced dry mouth, there is still a lack of data on predicting individual susceptibility to hyposalivation caused by AC medications.
ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alyssa K. Merrill, Timothy Anderson, Katherine Conrad, Elena Marvin, Tamarra James-Todd, Deborah A. Cory-Slechta, Marissa Sobolewski
Summary: Exposure to multiple EDCs during pregnancy may exacerbate metabolic health issues for women in later life, as indicated by this pilot study.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashley K. James, Natalia Dolgova, Susan Nehzati, Malgorzata Korbas, Julien J. H. Cotelesage, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Thomas Kroll, John L. O'Donoghue, Gene E. Watson, Gary J. Myers, Ingrid J. Pickering, Graham N. George
Summary: Mercury pollution and climate change have led to the ubiquitous presence of mercury compounds in the environment, which are known for their toxicity. Human exposure to low levels of methylmercury through consumption of fish and seafood is still controversial in terms of its health consequences. This study reveals the differences in mercury speciation between individuals with acute and chronic exposure, indicating the need to reconsider the relevance of acute exposure studies as proxy for chronic low-level exposure.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Toni Spence, Alexis Zavez, Philip J. Allsopp, Marie C. Conway, Alison J. Yeates, Maria S. Mulhern, Edwin van Wijngaarden, J. J. Strain, Gary J. Myers, Gene E. Watson, Philip W. Davidson, Conrad F. Shamlaye, Sally W. Thurston, Emeir M. McSorley
Summary: The study found that methylmercury exposure from fish consumption does not seem to affect inflammation markers in cord blood. The association of cord n-3 PUFA with lower IL-10 and total Th2 cytokines suggests that they may have a beneficial influence on the regulation of the inflammatory milieu. These findings are important for public health advice and warrant further investigation in follow-up studies.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Karin Wahlberg, Daniela Pineda, Grazyna Zareba, Sally W. Thurston, Philip W. Davidson, Conrad F. Shamlaye, Gary J. Myers, Matthew Rand, Edwin Van Wijngaarden, Karin Broberg
Summary: This study suggests that genetic variation in ABC transporter genes in children may contribute to prenatal methylmercury exposure and early neurodevelopment. One specific gene, ABCC1 rs11075290, was associated with cord blood MeHg concentrations, while another gene, ABCB1 rs10276499, showed an interaction effect on the relationship between cord MeHg and the Mental Developmental Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development.
Article
Toxicology
Marissa Sobolewski, Katherine Conrad, Elena Marvin, Matthew Eckard, Calla M. Goeke, Alyssa K. Merrill, Kevin Welle, Brian P. Jackson, Robert Gelein, David Chalupa, Gunter Oberdorster, Deborah A. Cory-Slechta
Summary: This study suggests that exposure to ambient ultrafine particulate matter, particularly when combined with sulfur dioxide, may lead to neurotoxic effects in mice. The findings also highlight the potential vulnerability of females to these exposures. Further research is needed to validate these results in humans and determine the need for regulation of iron in air pollution for public health protection.
PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
D. T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski, R. J. Billings, C. Feng, P. G. Ragusa, K. Flint, G. E. Watson, C. L. Wong, S. Manning, S. R. Gill, T. G. O'Connor
Summary: This prospective cohort study found that an increase in salivary MS predicts the onset of ECC in initially caries-free children. The results highlight the importance of reducing salivary MS counts in children to prevent ECC.
JDR CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Deborah A. Cory-Slechta, Alyssa Merrill, Marissa Sobolewski
Summary: Air pollution is a complex mixture that exposes individuals to a lifelong exposure of gases, particulate matter, and contaminants. Studies increasingly associate air pollution with neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, supported by animal models. The shared mechanisms of inflammation, oxidative stress, and brain metal dyshomeostasis across these diseases highlight the need for future research to identify responsible contaminants and protect public health.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
M. L. Eckard, K. Welle, M. Sobolewski, D. A. Cory-Slechta
Summary: Many studies have shown that time-based interventions can reduce impulsive behavior in rodents, but few studies have directly examined how these interventions affect impulsive action, whether the effects of intervention differ by sex, and how these interventions affect neurochemistry in areas related to decision-making and reward. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a fixed-interval intervention on adult male and female mice, and found that the intervention increased striatal serotonergic analytes in both sexes, but had limited effects on the frontal cortex. In terms of impulsive action, the intervention reduced delay resets and no-wait resets in male mice, but not in female mice. Overall, these findings suggest that time-based interventions may effectively reduce impulsive action in rodents, particularly in males, and that these interventions operate through serotonergic augmentation in the striatum.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Deborah A. Cory-Slechta, Marissa Sobolewski
Summary: A growing body of epidemiological evidence suggests that there is a link between air pollution and various brain disorders, indicating that these adverse effects may be caused by shared mechanisms among these disorders. Consequently, more stringent and targeted regulatory policies may be necessary to safeguard public health.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
M. L. Eckard, E. Marvin, K. Conrad, G. Oberdorster, M. Sobolewski, D. A. Cory-Slechta
Summary: Air pollution is a major threat to neurological health, causing developmental and degenerative disorders. Iron, a common metal in air pollution, can affect children's behavior. Exposure to iron aerosols can replicate the behavioral effects of air pollution, and the presence of sulfur dioxide can modulate these effects.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
D. T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski, K. Scott-Anne, P. G. Ragusa, M. Cvetanovska, K. Flint, C. Feng, G. E. Watson, C. L. Wong, R. J. Billings, R. J. Quivey, T. G. O'Connor
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the social, psychological, and behavioral predictors of salivary bacteria and yeast in young children at risk for early childhood caries (ECC). The findings indicate that sociodemographic factors and stress physiology play a significant role in the cariogenic disease processes even before ECC onset.
JDR CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)