Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Charlotte Oris, Samy Kahouadji, Julie Durif, Damien Bouvier, Vincent Sapin
Summary: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a growing burden worldwide, accounting for approximately 80% of all TBI cases. In recent years, candidate biomarkers have been investigated to improve the management of mTBI patients. Blood biomarker measurement in the acute phase after a traumatic event helps reduce unnecessary CT scans and hospitalizations. S100B protein has emerged as the most widely studied and used biomarker for clinical decision making in patients with mTBI. Besides its diagnostic use, S100B plays a role in the molecular pathogenic processes accompanying acute brain injury, making it a potential therapeutic target.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Emer Ryan, Lynne Kelly, Catherine Stacey, Dean Huggard, Eimear Duff, Danielle McCollum, Ann Leonard, Gerard Boran, Dermot R. Doherty, Turlough Bolger, Eleanor J. Molloy
Summary: This study demonstrates altered cytokine profiles and endotoxin responses in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mild TBI. Children with mild TBI showed decreased levels of IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha compared to controls, along with increased levels of IFN-gamma. In severe TBI, there was no significant IL-6 response to endotoxin, but an increase in IL-17A. These findings suggest immune dysfunction following TBI, especially in mild cases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Henry W. Mahncke, Joseph DeGutis, Harvey Levin, Mary R. Newsome, Morris D. Bell, Chad Grills, Louis M. French, Katherine W. Sullivan, Sarah-Jane Kim, Annika Rose, Catherine Stasio, Michael M. Merzenich
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of self-administered plasticity-based cognitive training for individuals with a history of mild traumatic brain injury and cognitive impairment. The treatment group showed significant improvement in cognitive function compared to the active control group, with equivalent results in depressive and cognitive symptoms between the two groups.
Article
Rehabilitation
Eunkyung Kim, Han Gil Seo, Hyun Haeng Lee, Seung Hak Lee, Seung Hong Choi, Roh-Eul Yoo, Won-Sang Cho, Seo Jung Yun, Min-Gu Kang, Byung-Mo Oh
Summary: The study aimed to investigate changes in regional brain volume after mild traumatic brain injury and their relationship with cognitive deficits. The results showed that individuals with mild traumatic brain injury had reduced brainstem volume and this reduction was significantly associated with cognitive function, especially performance on tests like executive card sorting, forward digit span, and verbal learning.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sophia Wagberg, Britt-Marie Stalnacke, Beatrice M. M. Magnusson
Summary: This study evaluates post-TBI symptoms and disabilities seven to eight years after mild TBI (mTBI), showing that women and individuals with repeated TBI experience more severe symptoms and functional decline. These findings have implications for clinical practice and research, and should be considered in rehabilitation and follow-up plans.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Sean C. Rose, Deborah A. Levine, Junxin Shi, Krista Wheeler, Taylour Aungst, Rachel M. Stanley, Miriam H. Beauchamp
Summary: This study examined the incidence and healthcare utilization of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in young children presenting to U.S. emergency departments. The findings showed that early childhood mTBI is prevalent and results in a significant financial burden. There is wide variation in diagnostic coding and treatment strategies among emergency departments, highlighting the need for further research.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Neuroimaging
Christopher M. Allen, Lloyd Halsey, Gogem Topcu, Lukas Rier, Lauren E. Gascoyne, John W. Scadding, Paul L. Furlong, Benjamin T. Dunkley, Roshan das Nair, Matthew J. Brookes, Nikos Evangelou
Summary: The review found that magnetoencephalography (MEG) could serve as an imaging biomarker for mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), potentially offering diagnostic and prognostic value. MEG's rich data is also well-suited for machine learning analysis, showing promise for future applications.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Fanny Degeilh, Tilmann von Soest, Lia Ferschmann, Joanne C. Beer, Malo Gaubert, Inga K. Koerte, Christian K. Tamnes
Summary: Childhood mTBI is associated with an increased risk of developing social problems, possibly due to changes in the structural development of the social brain. This study used data from the ABCD Study to examine the development of social problems and cortical thickness in social brain regions following childhood mTBI. The findings showed different developmental trajectories in social problems between children with and without mTBI, with the mTBI group showing higher levels of social problems. Both groups showed similar decreases in social brain cortical thickness.
Review
Psychiatry
Kathryn A. Ritchie, Beth S. Slomine
Summary: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a significant public health concern for children. While most children recover within 1 month after mTBI, 10-30% experience lingering neuropsychiatric or neuropsychological symptoms. Factors associated with prolonged recovery include preinjury mental health concerns, female sex, and family characteristics. Early management includes reassurance and brief rest, while specialized evaluation and multimodal therapies are recommended for symptoms lasting more than 4 weeks.
CURRENT OPINION IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Josh W. Faulkner, Alice Theadom, Deborah L. Snell, Matt N. Williams
Summary: This study applied network analysis to investigate post-concussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and found that frustration, blurred vision, and concentration difficulties were central symptoms in two different mTBI samples. These symptoms may play an influential role in the experience and maintenance of post-concussion symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Thorsten Rudroff, Craig D. Workman
Summary: Based on a review of the literature, there is limited evidence supporting the use of tDCS for improving cognitive and motor performance in mTBI patients, with only three studies meeting the inclusion criteria. This highlights the urgent need for further research to identify optimal therapeutic brain targets and stimulation parameters.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Emma Clark, Saurab Faruque, Cedric Mutebi, Newton V. Nagirimadugu, Alyssa Kim, Malavika Mahendran, Elaine Sullo, Rajendra Morey, Robert W. Turner
Summary: This systematic review aimed to synthesize recent literature on the relationship between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Of the eight relevant articles identified, four showed a significant relationship between mTBI and disease outcomes, highlighting the need for future research on this causal relationship. Future studies should standardize definitions and methodologies to produce more reliable and comprehensive results.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Katherine Rhame, Diana Le, Amanda Ventura, Amy Horner, Norberto Andaluz, Christopher Miller, Uwe Stolz, Laura B. Ngwenya, Opeolu Adeoye, Natalie Kreitzer
Summary: A multidisciplinary observation unit protocol was developed for patients with mild traumatic brain injury in the emergency department. The study found that factors such as GCS score, race, and comorbid cardiac disease predicted discharge home after the observation protocol. The majority of subjects did not require hospital admission, demonstrating the effectiveness of the triage plan.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Todd J. Schwedt
Summary: Post-traumatic headache is a common and persistent symptom following mild traumatic brain injury, with onset typically within 7 days post-injury. Pathophysiological mechanisms of post-traumatic headache involve structural, functional, metabolic, and neuroinflammatory factors. Effective therapy options are currently lacking, with future research priorities including optimizing diagnostic criteria and understanding pathophysiology.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shazia Malik, Omar Alnaji, Mahnoor Malik, Teresa Gambale, Forough Farrokhyar, Michel P. Rathbone
Summary: Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) result in a neuroinflammatory response characterized by perturbations in inflammatory cytokines. A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized data on the levels of inflammatory cytokines in mTBI patients. The analysis included 26 studies and found that IL-6, IL-1RA, IFN-gamma, and MCP-1/CCL2 levels were elevated in mTBI patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, certain cytokines were associated with poor clinical outcomes following mTBI. This research emphasizes the need for standardized methodologies and provides guidance for future mTBI studies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
