Journal
NEUROSCIENTIST
Volume 18, Issue 5, Pages 487-501Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1073858411407205
Keywords
real-time fMRI; BOLD; neurofeedback; self-regulation; operant learning
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [BI 195/56-1, BI 195/59-1]
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
- European Union (CEEDS) [258749]
- Provincia Autonoma di Trento
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Real-time fMRI permits simultaneous measurement and observation of brain activity during an ongoing task. One of the most challenging applications of real-time fMRI in neuroscientific and clinical research is the possibility of acquiring volitional control of localized brain activity using real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback protocols. Real-time fMRI allows the experimenter to noninvasively manipulate brain activity as an independent variable to observe the effects on behavior. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback studies demonstrated that learned control of the local brain activity leads to specific changes in behavior. Here, the authors describe the implementation and application of real-time fMRI with particular emphasis on the self-regulation of local brain activity and the investigation of brain-function relationships. Real-time fMRI represents a promising new approach to cognitive neuroscience that could complement traditional neuroimaging techniques by providing more causal insights into the functional role of circumscribed brain regions in behavior.
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