Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yi-Hua Huang, Chung-Ming Chen, Yi-Min Wang, Chia-Wei Sun
Summary: This study investigated age-related changes in prefrontal cortex hemodynamics using NIRS, finding a slower activation pattern in oxyhemoglobin concentrations in the elderly group compared to the young group. Quantified results revealed time-varying trends in hemodynamic responses, suggesting that age-related decline in hemodynamic responses may contribute to poorer performance during cognitive tasks.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Bruno Kopp, Bilal Al-Hafez, Alexander Steinke
Summary: Wisconsin card-sorting tasks provide unique opportunities for studying cognitive flexibility and its limitations. We explored error-suppression effects (ESE) across three studies, and found that ESE are not only a highly replicable phenomenon, but also provide an opportunity to study cognitive mechanisms of goal-directed instrumental control.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Stephanie Lock Man Lung, Armando Bertone
Summary: This study assessed cognitive flexibility in autistic adolescents with low intelligence using the WCST and found no significant differences in performance between those with ASD and those without ASD. However, it was found that performance IQ significantly contributed to WCST performance in the ASD group, suggesting a specific role of non-verbal cognitive functioning in cognitive flexibility for individuals with autism.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Odett Toth, Orsolya Pesthy, Kinga Farkas, Anna Guttengeber, Eszter Komoroczy, Janos M. Rethelyi, Balint Szuromi, Dezso Nemeth
Summary: Verbal fluency is a cognitive function that reflects executive functions and the ability to retrieve information from memory quickly. Previous studies on verbal fluency in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported conflicting results. This study used a comprehensive approach to evaluate the discrepancy in the literature and introduced a new angle by analyzing word abstraction and imageability. The results showed no significant difference between adults with ASD and neurotypical control participants in word productivity, errors, clustering, or temporal dynamics. The findings suggest that verbal fluency may be intact in autism.
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Zhengkang Zhang, Li-Zhuang Yang, Teodora Vekony, Changqing Wang, Hai Li
Summary: Executive function is crucial for normal social, cognitive, and motor functions. Decline in executive function due to aging increases the risk of disability and falls in older adults, which is an urgent public health issue. Therefore, fast and convenient neuropsychological tools are needed to identify high-risk groups early for timely intervention.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Janna Guilfoyle, Molly Winston, John Sideris, Gary E. Martin, Kritika Nayar, Lauren Bush, Tom Wassink, Molly Losh
Summary: This study investigated developmental academic profiles among clinically unaffected siblings of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The findings showed that siblings had lower performance in language-related skills, which was associated with subclinical ASD-related traits in themselves and their parents, as well as symptom severity in their sibling with ASD.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Stephanie Miles, Caitlin A. Howlett, Carolyn Berryman, Maja Nedeljkovic, G. Lorimer Moseley, Andrea Phillipou
Summary: This critical review examines the changes in the WCST, differences in existing scoring methods, key terminology and its relation to cognitive flexibility assessment, and issues with the use of WCST in the literature. It particularly focuses on the confusion between 'perseverative responses' and 'perseverative errors' and the inconsistencies in scoring these variables, providing recommendations for future research and clinical practice using the WCST.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexander Steinke, Bruno Kopp, Florian Lange
Summary: The study reported the split-half reliability estimates for a self-administered computerized variant of the WCST among young volunteers, showing sufficient reliability for the test. This paves the way for advanced digital assessment of executive functions, while also discussing the potential effects of test formats, administration variants, and sample characteristics on reliability.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kritika Nayar, Frederick Shic, Molly Winston, Molly Losh
Summary: This study examined social attention differences in individuals with ASD and their parents using various eye-tracking analysis methods. Findings showed that fixations over time and perseverative fixations distinguished both the ASD and ASD parent groups from controls, with the PCA method capturing social attention differences most robustly.
Article
Psychiatry
Kelly M. Dann, Aaron Veldre, Stephanie Miles, Philip Sumner, Phillipa Hay, Stephen Touyz
Summary: This study compared the performance of individuals with anorexia nervosa on a cued task-switching measure and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and assessed their associations with clinical symptoms. The results showed no significant association between WCST perseverative errors and cued task-switching switch costs. Lower working memory capacity was found to be a determinant of higher perseverative error rate. Neither cognitive flexibility measure was a significant independent predictor of symptom severity when mood variables were controlled for.
EATING AND WEIGHT DISORDERS-STUDIES ON ANOREXIA BULIMIA AND OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
In-Hee Lee, Douglas I. Walker, Yufei Lin, Matthew Ryan Smith, Kenneth D. Mandl, Dean P. Jones, Sek Won Kong
Summary: This study found an association between plasma glutamine levels and clinical phenotypes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), suggesting that plasma glutamine levels could serve as an endophenotype linking genetic risk and symptom severity. These findings may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic targets, selection of specific cohorts for clinical trials, and identification of target symptoms for future ASD treatment strategies.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Virginia Carter Leno, Andrew Pickles, Stefon van Noordt, Scott Huberty, James Desjardins, Sara Jane Webb, Mayada Elsabbagh
Summary: Despite reporting no association with familial risk for ASD, plasma alkylphosphatidylcholines (PAF) serve as a neural marker of concurrent non-verbal cognitive ability in young infants. Additionally, PAF at 12 months is not predictive of changes in cognitive development over time.
DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Samet Celik, Mustafa Oguz, Umut Konur, Furuzan Kokturk, Nuray Atasoy
Summary: This study aimed to examine the equivalence of two different versions of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in terms of psychometric properties among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy individuals. The results showed that the manual and computerized versions of the test were not equivalent in terms of psychometric properties.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chenyi Chen, Yawei Cheng, Chien-Te Wu, Chung-Hsin Chiang, Ching-Ching Wong, Chih-Mao Huang, Roger Marcelo Martinez, Ovid J. L. Tzeng, Yang-Teng Fan
Summary: This study demonstrates the hereditary basis of sensory alterations in ASD and suggests that the sensory profile of biological parents can be used to predict the likelihood of their offspring having ASD.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Eileen Haebig, Eva Jimenez, Christopher R. Cox, Thomas T. Hills
Summary: This study compared the lexical skills of children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing toddlers, finding that children with autism spectrum disorder produced proportionally more verbs and action and food words, while typically developing toddlers produced more animal, people words, and animal sounds and sound effects. These differences may reflect an association between lexical development and weaknesses in social communication.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ryo Morishima, Yousuke Kumakura, Satoshi Usami, Akiko Kanehara, Miho Tanaka, Noriko Okochi, Naomi Nakajima, Junko Hamada, Tomoko Ogawa, Shuntaro Ando, Hidetaka Tamune, Mutsumi Nakahara, Seiichiro Jinde, Yukiko Kano, Kyoko Tanaka, Yoichiro Hirata, Akira Oka, Kiyoto Kasai
Summary: This study found that parental psychological distress in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is associated with challenges such as difficulty in accessing multiple medical institutions, lack of understanding by welfare staff, and inadequate management in educational settings. It highlights the importance of evaluating not only the severity of comorbidities in 22q11DS, but also the medical, welfare, and educational challenges for parental mental health.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Masaya Morita, Shuntaro Ando, Tomoki Kiyono, Ryo Morishima, Tomoko Yagi, Sho Kanata, Shinya Fujikawa, Syudo Yamasaki, Atsushi Nishida, Kiyoto Kasai
Summary: The study found bidirectional relationships among problematic Internet use, hyperactivity/inattention, and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Problematic Internet use may be a target for improving hyperactivity/inattention and depressive symptoms in adolescents.
EUROPEAN CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Ryo Morishima, Satoshi Usami, Shuntaro Ando, Tomoki Kiyono, Masaya Morita, Shinya Fujikawa, Tsuyoshi Araki, Kiyoto Kasai
Summary: The study revealed that problematic alcohol use (PAU) after earthquake disasters shows a sustained trend, with PAU courses categorized into No PAU, Subthreshold PAU, and Persistent PAU courses. The long-term course of PAU, especially the persistent type, is influenced by factors such as house damage, less social support, male gender, and psychological distress.
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Junya Matsumoto, Kenichiro Miura, Masaki Fukunaga, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Daisuke Koshiyama, Naohiro Okada, Kentaro Morita, Hidenaga Yamamori, Yuka Yasuda, Michiko Fujimoto, Satsuki Ito, Naomi Hasegawa, Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Kiyoto Kasai, Ryota Hashimoto
Summary: Patients with schizophrenia may experience intelligence decline, and previous studies have suggested that gray matter structures and functional connectivity are more relevant to this decline than white matter microstructures.
CLINICAL EEG AND NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kaori Usui, Kenji Kirihara, Mariko Tada, Mao Fujioka, Daisuke Koshiyama, Motoko Tani, Maiko Tsuchiya, Susumu Morita, Shintaro Kawakami, Akiko Kanehara, Kentaro Morita, Yoshihiro Satomura, Shinsuke Koike, Motomu Suga, Tsuyoshi Araki, Kiyoto Kasai
Summary: This study examines the association between longitudinal changes in clinical symptoms and quality of life in individuals with ultra-high risk for psychosis and patients with recent-onset psychotic disorder. The results indicate that severe anxiety/depression at baseline is associated with poorer quality of life at follow-up. Improvement in anxiety/depression and disorganized thoughts is important for enhancing quality of life. The study also suggests that the diagnosis does not affect the association between clinical symptoms and quality of life.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Yinghan Zhu, Hironori Nakatani, Walid Yassin, Norihide Maikusa, Naohiro Okada, Akira Kunimatsu, Osamu Abe, Hitoshi Kuwabara, Hidenori Yamasue, Kiyoto Kasai, Kazuo Okanoya, Shinsuke Koike
Summary: The study showed that machine learning approaches using structural MRI can help with disease classification, with a classifier accurately distinguishing patients with chronic schizophrenia from healthy controls. Individuals within the schizophrenia spectrum were more likely to be classified as having chronic schizophrenia, with individuals on the autism spectrum least likely to be classified in the same category.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Miharu Nakanishi, Syudo Yamasaki, Junko Niimura, Kaori Endo, Naomi Nakajima, Daniel Stanyon, Kaori Baba, Nao Oikawa, Mariko Hosozawa, Shuntaro Ando, Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, Kiyoto Kasai, Atsushi Nishida
Summary: The study found an association between maternal perceived capacity in finance and mental well-being and the frequency of physical punishment in 14-year-old children. Increasing mothers' perceived capacity in financial management and mental health may help prevent child maltreatment.
Article
Psychiatry
Kaori Endo, Daniel Stanyon, Syudo Yamasaki, Miharu Nakanishi, Junko Niimura, Sho Kanata, Shinya Fujikawa, Yuko Morimoto, Mariko Hosozawa, Kaori Baba, Nao Oikawa, Naomi Nakajima, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Mitsuhiro Miyashita, Shuntaro Ando, Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, Kiyoto Kasai, Atsushi Nishida
Summary: This study investigated the longitudinal association between maternal parenting stress from 1 to 36 months after childbirth and child ADHD symptoms at 12 years old. The results showed that parenting stress at 9-10, 18, and 36 months after childbirth was significantly associated with child ADHD symptoms at 12 years old.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Yuki Suda, Mariko Tada, Takeshi Matsuo, Keisuke Kawasaki, Takeshi Saigusa, Maho Ishida, Tetsuo Mitsui, Hironori Kumano, Kenji Kirihara, Takafumi Suzuki, Kenji Matsumoto, Isao Hasegawa, Kiyoto Kasai, Takanori Uka
Summary: This study investigates the communication between the frontal and temporal cortices in an auditory omission paradigm, finding an increased band synchronization between the higher auditory cortex and the frontal pole at tone onset, but a disappearance of this synchronization when the tone is omitted. An early omission-related neural response was observed, along with stronger low-beta oscillations following tone omission.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Daiki Nagaoka, Nanami Tomoshige, Shuntaro Ando, Masaya Morita, Tomoki Kiyono, Sho Kanata, Shinya Fujikawa, Kaori Endo, Syudo Yamasaki, Masato Fukuda, Atsushi Nishida, Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, Kiyoto Kasai
Summary: Being praised for prosocial behavior can prevent depression in adolescents. This study investigated the relationship between being praised for prosocial behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents, and found that being praised for prosocial behavior can lead to lower depressive symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Kayo Ichihashi, Yoshitaka Kyou, Naomi Hasegawa, Norio Yasui-Furukori, Yoshihito Shimizu, Hikaru Hori, Naoki Hashimoto, Kenta Ide, Yayoi Imamura, Hisashi Yamada, Shinichiro Ochi, Jun-ichi Iga, Yoshikazu Takaesu, Kazutaka Ohi, Takashi Tsuboi, Hitoshi Iida, Hirotaka Yamagata, Akitoyo Hishimoto, Tadasu Horai, Masahide Usami, Manabu Makinodan, Tatsuya Nagasawa, Hiroshi Komatsu, Mikio Kido, Hiroyuki Muraoka, Kiyokazu Atake, Masahiro Takeshima, Chika Kubota, Takahiko Inagaki, Shinichiro Tamai, Taishiro Kishimoto, Ryuji Furihata, Junya Matsumoto, Kenichiro Miura, Ken Inada, Koichiro Watanabe, Kiyoto Kasai, Ryota Hashimoto
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder who receive psychotropic pro re nata (PRN) prescriptions. The results showed that the proportion of psychotropic PRN prescriptions was lower in elderly patients with schizophrenia and higher in female patients with major depressive disorder. In addition, there was an association between psychotropic PRN prescriptions and regular use of multiple psychotropic medications in schizophrenia.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Kazuhiro Suzuki, Syudo Yamasaki, Mitsuhiro Miyashita, Shuntaro Ando, Kazuya Toriumi, Akane Yoshikawa, Miharu Nakanishi, Yuko Morimoto, Sho Kanata, Shinya Fujikawa, Kaori Endo, Shinsuke Koike, Satoshi Usami, Masanari Itokawa, Shinsuke Washizuka, Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, Herbert Y. Meltzer, Kiyoto Kasai, Atsushi Nishida, Makoto Arai
Summary: Muscular strength, assessed by handgrip, is linked to the risk of developing psychiatric disorders, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in this association. This study found a negative relationship between handgrip strength and pentosidine levels, a representative AGE, and demonstrated the indirect effect of AGEs on the association between handgrip strength and psychotic symptoms among adolescents.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kiyoto Kasai, Shin-Ichiro Kumagaya, Yusuke Takahashi, Yutaka Sawai, Akito Uno, Yousuke Kumakura, Mika Yamagishi, Akiko Kanehara, Kentaro Morita, Mariko Tada, Yoshihiro Satomura, Naohiro Okada, Shinsuke Koike, Sho Yagishita
Summary: By nature, humans are participating subjects/player-witnesses who encounter an unpredictable real world. We propose incorporating the interaction loop into cognitive sciences to create world-informed neuroscience (WIN). Based on research with people who do not match the world, we hypothesize that the interaction between individuals and the world occurs in a two-dimensional way of rule-based and story-based. Integrating the humanities and sciences, this approach can contribute to real world issues and diversity and inclusion.
CLINICAL EEG AND NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yuki Furukawa, Saki Oguro, Satomi Obata, Tasnim Hamza, Edoardo G. Ostinelli, Kiyoto Kasai
Summary: The optimal dosage of brexpiprazole as augmentation therapy for antidepressant-refractory depression was investigated. The study found that a dosage of 1-2 milligrams of brexpiprazole may achieve an optimal balance between efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability in the acute treatment of depression.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jordan DeVylder, Kaori Endo, Syudo Yamasaki, Shuntaro Ando, Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, Kiyoto Kasai, Atsushi Nishida
Summary: This study found that migrant status is associated with an increased likelihood of psychotic experiences at age 10 in Tokyo, Japan. This association appears to be primarily driven by visual hallucinations and thought broadcasting, and is specific to children with lower IQ at age 10.
JOURNAL OF MIGRATION AND HEALTH
(2022)
