Article
Neurosciences
Antonello Baldassarre, Maria Serena Filardi, Sara Spadone, Stefania Della Penna, Giorgia Committeri
Summary: The study found that rates of early and late post-training motor skill learning were positively correlated with the strength of functional connections among regions within the brain. Early learning was associated with connections within cerebellar regions, while late learning was related to connections between cortical and subcortical motor areas. This suggests that spontaneous brain activity carries behaviorally relevant information for experience-dependent cognitive operations over time.
Article
Neurosciences
Ted Maldonado, Trevor Bryan Jackson, Jessica A. Bernard
Summary: This study investigated the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on cerebellar and cortical activation. The findings showed that anodal stimulation worsened task performance and increased cortical activation in parietal and frontal regions.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Evelyn M. Guilherme, Anna Carolyna L. Gianlorenco
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intracerebellar microinjection of dopaminergic agents on motor and emotional memory in mice. The results suggest that cerebellar dopaminergic D2 receptors may participate in the modulation of aversive memory processes without influencing motor performance.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ted Maldonado, Jessica A. Bernard
Summary: The study confirmed the contributions of the cerebellum to cognitive processing, especially in verbal working memory and sequence learning. The effects of stimulation may be load-specific, with anodal stimulation impacting performance during effortful processing, while cathodal stimulation hindering task performance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martijn Schonewille, Allison E. Girasole, Philippe Rostaing, Caroline Mailhes-Hamon, Annick Ayon, Alexandra B. Nelson, Antoine Triller, Mariano Casado, Chris De Zeeuw, Guy Bouvier
Summary: The study reveals that NMDARs are present and functional in presynaptic terminals of adult rodents, playing a crucial role in bidirectional synaptic plasticity and cerebellar motor learning.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Toshi Nakajima, Ryosuke Hosaka, Hajime Mushiake
Summary: The study found that PMd and pre-SMA play different roles in controlling motor sequences. PMd tends to control actions that lead to rewards, while pre-SMA coordinates actions in a sequence by integrating temporal orders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
J. Peltokorpi, M. Y. Jaber
Summary: This study investigates the interference phenomenon in learning curve models, develops an interference-adjusted power LC model, considers cognitive and motor elements, and tests the adaptability of different models. The results show that the approximate model fits well with exponential learning curves, highlighting the confluence of cognitive, interference, and plateauing phenomena in learning.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Haian Mao, Tomas Mediavilla, Hector Estevez-Silva, Daniel Marcellino, Fahad Sultan
Summary: Motor learning induces plasticity in the brain, particularly in the cerebellum. This study focuses on the synaptic plasticity in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) during motor learning. The researchers found that the increase in vGluT2 expression in a specific part of the DCN during skilled reaching tasks is due to an increase in co-expression of vGluT2 in vGluT1 presynapses, rather than the formation of new vGluT2 synapses. These findings suggest that synaptic remodeling plays an important role in motor learning.
Article
Neurosciences
Wen Li, Lei Chen, Jonathan T. Fleming, Emily Brignola, Kirill Zavalin, Andre Lagrange, Tonia Rex, Shane A. Heiney, Gregory J. Wojaczynski, Javier F. Medina, Chin Chiang
Summary: Cerebellar inhibitory interneurons play an important role in regulating neural circuit activity for motor and nonmotor functions. GABAergic progenitors respond to Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, influencing the generation and number of cerebellar inhibitory interneurons. Mutant mice studies reveal the essential role of Shh-dependent stellate cells in regulating inhibitory synapses and motor learning.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Pierson Fleischer, Aamir Abbasi, Andrew W. Fealy, Nathan P. Danielsen, Ramneet Sandhu, Philip R. Raj, Tanuj Gulati
Summary: The emergent activity in cortico-cerebellar networks during the learning of a reach-to-grasp motor skill, characterized by low-frequency oscillatory (LFO) activity in the motor cortex and cerebellum, was investigated in rats. Coordinated movement-related activity was observed in the local-field potentials as the skill consolidated, specifically in rats that gained expertise in the task. The study also found coordinated spiking activity with LFOs predominantly expressed during accurate behavior in the primary motor cortex.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Adrian Andrzej Chrobak, Katarzyna Siuda-Krzywicka, Bartosz Bohaterewicz, Anna Maria Sobczak, Anna Ceglarek, Anna Tereszko, Anna Starowicz-Filip, Magdalena Fafrowicz, Tadeusz Marek, Marcin Siwek, Dominika Dudek, Zbigniew Soltys, Grzegorz Przemyslaw Siwek
Summary: This study utilized cluster analysis to investigate abnormalities in neurological and cerebellar soft signs in SZ and BD patients, revealing a potential relationship between implicit motor learning and these abnormalities. Results indicated deficits in motor functioning in SZ and BD patients in the form of neurological and cerebellar soft signs.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Masahiko Fujita
Summary: This paper discusses the compensation mechanism for time delays in neural signal processing and the role of the cerebellum in predictive control. By studying the timing-dependent plasticity of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, the theory proposes that a temporal difference of 50-200 ms is the basis for associative anticipation. This study integrates the universal function approximation capability of the cerebellar cortex model and temporally asymmetric synaptic plasticity to create the theory of associative anticipatory learning of the cerebellum.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasmine Herszage, Haggai Sharon, Nitzan Censor
Summary: The study demonstrates that motor skill learning can be achieved through brief memory reactivations, with the efficacy depending on the number of consecutive correct sequences during reactivations. Higher continuity reactivations result in higher learning gains, similar to extensive practice, while lower continuity reactivations lead to minimal gains.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Danny Adrian Spampinato, Elias Paolo Casula, Giacomo Koch
Summary: The present review discusses the reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and primary motor cortex (M1) and explores how novel noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methods can contribute to understanding these connections. The review focuses on recent animal studies on the integration of information from the cerebellum and thalamus into cortical motor neurons and the use of NIBS approaches in humans to assess cerebellar-M1 connectivity. It also discusses the potential of advanced NIBS methods to investigate and modulate cerebellar-cortical networks involved in movement behavior and plasticity and their application in translational research for restoring cortical activity and motor function in neurologic patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Takuma Inoshita, Tomoo Hirano
Summary: The cerebellum is involved in motor learning, with LTD at PF-PC synapses considered a primary mechanism. NE's contribution to cerebellum-dependent learning has been reported separately. Studies have found that NE facilitates LTD induction at PF-PC synapses in the cerebellar flocculus through activation of PKA via p-AR.