Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Lauren L. Richmond, Lois K. Burnett, Alexandra B. Morrison, B. Hunter Ball
Summary: Individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) are related to performance in domains outside of WM. Researchers found that processing performance is associated with WMC in complex span WM tasks. Including processing task performance measures may provide a better understanding of the relationships between complex span task performance and performance in disparate domains of cognition.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Miriam Debraise, Nicolas Gauvrit, Fabien Mathy
Summary: This study examined the impact of different structures of complex span tasks on predictive power, with results showing no significant difference in predictive sensitivity between the two types of tasks, which is consistent with the time-based resource-sharing model.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eyal Heled, Maayan Ohayon, Or Oshri
Summary: This study compared the performance of individuals with blindness and deafness in intact senses on working memory tasks, with findings showing that blind participants performed better in tactile working memory tasks, while deaf participants performed better in visuospatial tasks. The forward span was longer than the backward span in all modality types, and differences between blind and control groups were more significant than those between deaf and control groups.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Stefanie Klatt, Nicholas J. Smeeton
Summary: The study found that working memory capacity plays an important role in selective visual attention, with individuals having higher capacity performing better in the task. Additionally, visual stimuli located along the same meridian were perceived more accurately compared to stimuli located along different meridians.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang Li, Xiongying Chen, Qiumei Zhang, Wending Xu, Jin Li, Feng Ji, Qi Dong, Chuansheng Chen, Jun Li
Summary: This study demonstrates that backward memory span training can enhance leftward attentional asymmetry, both at the behavioral and neural levels, which was confirmed through cognitive training with backward or forward memory span tasks in two training groups.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rae Yi Xin Par, Cheryl Wei Ling Teo, Javier Joon Kiat Tan, Yee Wei Ung, Kiang Soon Heng, Li Ting Hang, Mervyn Yeo, Wei Ney Yap
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of tocotrienols (T3) supplementation on attention and memory. The results showed that T3 supplementation significantly improved memory and reaction speed, and reduced brainwave power, indicating enhanced neural efficacy and cognitive performance.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Frosch Y. X. Quek, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Meenakshi Kothari, Verity Y. Q. Lua, Hee Seng Ong, Andree Hartanto
Summary: The study found that a single 15-minute session of mindfulness practice may not significantly enhance working memory capacity, as participants in the mindfulness condition did not outperform the control condition in operation span task and symmetry span task, contrary to expectations.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara Assecondi, Rong Hu, Gail Eskes, Xiaoping Pan, Jin Zhou, Kim Shapiro
Summary: Individuals with lower working memory capacity benefit the most from interventions combining tDCS and strategy instructions, indicating the importance of considering baseline cognitive abilities in designing interventions. The findings suggest that focusing on strategy development for specific attentional skills could enhance the effectiveness of cognitive training programs aimed at improving working memory.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elina Tsigeman, Sebastian Silas, Klaus Frieler, Maxim Likhanov, Rebecca Gelding, Yulia Kovas, Daniel Mullensiefen
Summary: This study aimed to construct, calibrate, and validate a new adaptive, computerized, and open-source visuospatial working memory (VSWM) test using Item Response Theory (IRT) and Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) frameworks. The Jack and Jill (JaJ) VSWM task showed sufficient internal consistency and concurrent validity, making it an efficient and reliable measure of VSWM from adolescent to adult age.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Lucas Loerch, Benoit Lemaire, Sophie Portrat
Summary: The TBRS*C computational model implements the cognitive processes involved in complex span tasks, such as encoding, refreshing/time-based decay, and chunking. Chunking is implemented as a process of searching for sequences of memoranda in long-term memory and recoding them as a single unit. The present study investigates how chunking and central working memory processes change with expertise using TBRS*C simulations.
COGNITIVE COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Donel M. Martin, Jacqueline A. Rushby, Frances M. De Blasio, Travis Wearne, Katherine Osborne-Crowley, Heather Francis, Mei Xu, Colleen Loo, Skye McDonald
Summary: This study aimed to examine the effects of using three different montages for improving attention and working memory performance. The results showed that different montages had an impact on working memory reaction time, but not on accuracy. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with the Broad-frontal montage may be beneficial for improving working memory.
Article
Neurosciences
Gabriela Gutierrez-Zamora Velasco, Thalia Fernandez, Juan Silva-Pereyra, Vicenta Reynoso-Alcantara, Susana A. Castro-Chavira
Summary: This study found that higher levels of reading skill are associated with improved neural efficiency, which results in better working memory performance.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Hsiang-Chun Chen, Chien-Hui Kao, Tzu-Hua Wang, Yen-Ting Lai
Summary: The study found that processing requirements and memory load reduce storage capacity and aggravate the subjective cognitive load of storage; the subjective cognitive load of processing is higher under highly complex conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Sang Ho Lee, Mark A. Pitt
Summary: Visual spatial attention is not monotonically distributed across space, but determined by individual differences in selective attention. The distance at which interference is suppressed around the target varies among participants and is negatively correlated with working memory capacity. Results suggest that attentional control modulates the breadth of the attentional distribution, constrained by limited cognitive capacity, to enhance target identification.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Alexander I. Kotyusov, Dauren Kasanov, Alexandra I. Kosachenko, Anastasia S. Gashkova, Yuri G. Pavlov, Sergey Malykh
Summary: Working memory and attention are interrelated but distinct constructs. Different types of attention may have different effects on working memory capacity. Study findings suggest that working memory capacity is related to attention control, while the ability to filter out distractors is not related to working memory capacity.
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Substance Abuse
Helle Larsen, Reinout W. Wiers, Shuang Su, Janna Cousijn
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Emese Kroon, Gabry Mies, Reinout W. Wiers, Janna Cousijn
Summary: The social plasticity hypothesis suggests that social attunement plays a crucial role in the risk for developing alcohol use disorders during adolescence and may make individuals more sensitive to the social pull to reduce drinking in adulthood. This study developed a valid measure of social attunement called the social attunement questionnaire (SAQ). The SAQ showed acceptable internal consistency and assessed both cognitive and behavioral components of social attunement.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Thomas E. Gladwin
Summary: This study tested the systematic covariation between model-based and behavior-based alcohol-related associations and found a significant covariance between items' computational and behavioral measures of association over participants. These results provide methodological strategies, connect computational linguistics and social-cognitive psychology, and offer a theoretical link between measures of alcohol-related associations and alcohol-related cognition and behaviors.
ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Tara Rezapour, Emily Giddens, Arash Khojasteh Zonoozi, Parnian Rafei, Jamie Berry, Alfonso Caracuel, Marc L. Copersino, Matt Field, Eric L. Garland, Valentina Lorenzetti, Leandro Malloy-Diniz, Victoria Manning, Ely M. Marceau, David L. Pennington, Justin C. Strickland, Reinout Wiers, Rahia Fairhead, Alexandra Anderson, Morris Bell, Wouter J. Boendermaker, Samantha Brooks, Raimondo Bruno, Salvatore Campanella, Janna Cousijn, W. Miles Cox, Andrew C. Dean, Karen D. Ersche, Ingmar Franken, Brett Froeliger, Pedro Gamito, Thomas E. Gladwin, Priscila D. Goncalves, Katrijn Houben, Joanna Jacobus, Andrew Jones, Anne M. Kaag, Johannes Lindenmeyer, Elly McGrath, Talia Nardo, Jorge Oliveira, Charlotte R. Pennington, Kelsey Perrykkad, Hugh Piercy, Claudia Rupp, Mieke H. J. Schulte, Lindsay M. Squeglia, Petra Staiger, Dan J. Stein, Jeff Stein, Maria Stein, William W. Stoops, Mary Sweeney, Katie Witkiewitz, Steven P. Woods, Richard Yi, Min Zhao, Hamed Ekhtiari
Summary: This study used a Delphi approach to reach consensus on recommendations for developing and applying cognitive training and remediation interventions for substance use disorders. Through two rounds of surveys, experts reached consensus on the targets, approaches, active ingredients, and modes of delivery for these interventions. The study indicates that intervention measures based on validated techniques and flexible delivery methods can effectively improve cognitive deficits in the treatment of substance use disorders.
Article
Substance Abuse
Maria Stein, Leila M. Soravia, Raphaela M. Tschuemperlin, Hallie M. Batschelet, Joshua Jaeger, Susanne Roesner, Anne Keller, Juan Martin Gomez Penedo, Reinout W. Wiers, Franz Moggi
Summary: This study compared two versions of alcohol-specific inhibition training (Alc-IT) in a clinical sample of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), and assessed two potential working mechanisms: stimulus devaluation and inhibitory enhancement. The results showed that the improved Alc-IT with higher inhibitory demands significantly increased the percentage of days abstinent at 3-month follow-up for patients with severe AUD, indicating an inhibitory working mechanism.
Article
Substance Abuse
Emese Kroon, Alessandra Mansueto, Lauren Kuhns, Francesca Filbey, Reinout Wiers, Janna Cousijn
Summary: Background: There is a lack of research on gender differences in cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptomology, despite the increasing use of cannabis in women worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the CUD symptom network and assess gender differences. The findings showed gender differences in the prevalence of symptoms, but no differences in the symptom networks between men and women. Additionally, there were gender differences in the associations between mood/anxiety disorders and CUD symptoms.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhipeng Cao, Renata B. Cupertino, Jonatan Ottino-Gonzalez, Alistair Murphy, Devarshi Pancholi, Anthony Juliano, Bader Chaarani, Matthew Albaugh, Dekang Yuan, Nathan Schwab, James Stafford, Anna E. Goudriaan, Kent Hutchison, Chiang-Shan R. Li, Maartje Luijten, Martine Groefsema, Reza Momenan, Lianne Schmaal, Rajita Sinha, Ruth J. van Holst, Dick J. Veltman, Reinout W. Wiers, Bernice Porjesz, Tristram Lett, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Rudiger Bruehl, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Eric Artiges, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Sabina Millenet, Juliane H. Froehner, Lauren Robinson, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Jeanne Winterer, Gunter Schumann, Robert Whelan, Ravi R. Bhatt, Alyssa Zhu, Patricia Conrod, Neda Jahanshad, Paul M. Thompson, Scott Mackey, Hugh Garavan
Summary: In this study, researchers identified a shared spatial pattern of cortical thickness (CT) in normative development and several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Further analysis revealed significant spatial correspondences between this pattern and widespread lower CT observed in psychiatric disorders, as well as the spatial pattern of normative maturation and aging. Transcriptional analysis also identified a set of genes closely related to this pattern, indicating disrupted neurodevelopment in the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases emerging during adolescence.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Pieter Van Dessel, Jamie Cummins, Reinout W. Wiers
Summary: The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of web-based ABC-training in changing outcome expectancies of alcohol drinking among hazardous drinkers. The findings suggest that ABC-training can indeed change outcome expectancies of alcohol consumption, although further testing is needed to examine clinically relevant effects in different samples.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Lynn Mobach, Rachel van Loenen, Esther Allart-van Dam, Denny Borsboom, Reinout W. Wiers, Elske Salemink
Summary: Despite extensive research, there are few consistent predictors of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcome for social anxiety disorder (SAD). This pilot study investigates whether the rate of returning to baseline after a positive interpretation training can indicate resilience and predict CBT response in individuals with SAD. The findings suggest that a slower return to baseline, as an index of resilience, does not predict CBT outcome in individuals with SAD.
COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Harriet R. Galvin, Marilisa Boffo, Leroy Snippe, Pam Collins, Thomas Pronk, Elske Salemink, Reinout W. Wiers, Sherry H. Stewart
Summary: This study failed to replicate the findings of Boffo et al. (2018) in a Canadian sample. Moderate-to-high-risk gamblers did not show greater approach bias tendencies towards gambling-related stimuli compared to neutral stimuli, and gambling approach bias did not predict future gambling behavior or severity of gambling problems. The results do not provide evidence for the contribution of approach tendencies to problematic gambling behavior in the Canadian sample.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Katrina Prior, Elske Salemink, Monique Piggott, Victoria Manning, Reinout W. Wiers, Bethany A. Teachman, Maree Teesson, Andrew J. Baillie, Alison Mahoney, Lauren Mclellan, Nicola C. Newton, Lexine A. Stapinski
Summary: This study examines the feasibility and efficacy of a web-based IBM+ApBM program (Re-Train Your Brain) in conjunction with treatment as usual for young adults with social anxiety and hazardous alcohol use. The results show that both integrated and alternating programs, when combined with TAU, resulted in greater improvements in interpretation biases and comorbid biases compared to TAU only. Additionally, the alternating program showed better outcomes in generalized social anxiety symptoms and alcohol cravings.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas E. Gladwin
Summary: This paper presents an alternative method for estimating the number of principal components to retain in principal component analysis. The method aims to recover the true number of independent vectors involved in the generation of the data. It splits the data into random halves, compares the eigenvectors in each split, and uses the difference in similarities to estimate the number of principal components.
Review
Substance Abuse
Linwei He, Divyaa Balaji, Reinout W. Wiers, Marjolijn L. Antheunis, Emiel Krahmer
Summary: Conversational agents (CAs) have shown promising effectiveness and acceptability in supporting smoking cessation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the use of CAs for smoking cessation revealed positive effects on cessation-related outcomes, with a sample-weighted odds ratio of 1.66 favoring CAs over comparison groups in randomized controlled trials. User feedback indicated overall high acceptability, although some barriers were identified. Standardization of reporting and designing of CAs is needed for a more comprehensive evaluation.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Marine Rougier, Dominique Muller, Annique Smeding, Reinout W. Wiers, Lison Neyroud
Summary: The relationship between heaviness of use and approach bias towards tobacco is uncertain, with different addiction models providing opposite predictions. Through three studies, we found that there is a positive relationship between heaviness of use and approach bias towards tobacco among smokers, while light smokers show a stronger avoidance bias compared to non-smokers.
COLLABRA-PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Thomas Pronk, Rebecca J. Hirst, Reinout W. Wiers, Jaap M. J. Murre
Summary: Research conducted online and administered through smartphones can access more diverse samples and reliably measure individual differences. Smartphones can be an effective tool for studying individual differences.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Song Xue, Feng Kong, Yiying Song, Jia Liu
Summary: This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the relationship between individual's spontaneous neural activity and social interaction anxiety in a nonclinical population. The results showed that social interaction anxiety was correlated with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in several brain regions, and that emotional intelligence partially mediated this relationship. This study provides evidence for the neural basis of social interaction anxiety in the normal population and highlights the role of emotional intelligence in this anxiety.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Takuya Yazawa
Summary: This study provides morphometric data on the development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus (AN) by examining the brains of preterm and perinatal infants. The results show that AN morphology demonstrates asymmetry and individual variability during the fetal period. The volume and neuronal number of AN increase exponentially with age, while neuronal density decreases exponentially. The AN may undergo neuron death and neuroblasts production after mid-gestation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhan Zhou, Weixin Dai, Tianxiao Liu, Min Shi, Yi Wei, Lifei Chen, Yubo Xie
Summary: Studies have shown that propofol-induced neurotoxicity is caused by disruption of mitochondrial fission and fusion, leading to an energy supply imbalance for developing neurons. Healthy mitochondria released by astrocytes can migrate to compromised neurons to mitigate propofol-induced neurotoxicity, but the exact mechanisms involved still need further clarification.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
An Chen, Song Hao, Yongpeng Han, Yang Fang, Yibei Miao
Summary: This study explores the efficacy of two forms of BCI attention training games and finds that physical games may be more effective than video games. The research also offers valuable insights for future game design from a neuroscience perspective.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lina Liu, Luran Liu, Yunting Lu, Tianyuan Zhang, Wenting Zhao
Summary: This study reveals that GDI1 serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD and inhibition of GDI1 can attenuate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. The findings offer new insights for the treatment of AD.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zahra Gholami, Ava Soltani Hekmat, Ali Abbasi, Kazem Javanmardi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alamandine on allodynia in a rat model and found the presence of MrgD receptors in the vlPAG and RVM regions. Microinjection of alamandine resulted in a significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold and could be blocked by an MrgD receptor antagonist. Upregulation of MrgD receptor expression following allodynia induction suggests a potential compensatory mechanism in response to pain.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Mingliang Xu, Lei Xia, Junjie Li, Yehong Du, Zhifang Dong
Summary: This study found that DHF effectively alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in developing mice by restoring the balance between tau O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation. Therefore, DHF has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for treating cognitive impairment associated with anesthetics, such as sevoflurane.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Tsubasa Mitsutake, Hisato Nakazono, Takanori Taniguchi, Hisayoshi Yoshizuka, Maiko Sakamoto
Summary: The posterior parietal cortex plays a crucial role in postural stability, and transcranial electrical stimulation of this region can modulate physical control responses. This study found that cathodal stimulation significantly decreased joint angular velocity in multiple directions, while there were no significant differences with transcranial random noise stimulation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xishuai Yang, Wei Zhang, Xueli Chang, Zuopeng Li, Runquan Du, Junhong Guo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose rituximab (RTX) in patients with muscle-specific kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG). The results showed that low-dose RTX treatment led to significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life for patients with MuSK-MG.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Jian Zhang, Shunyuan Guo, Rong Tao, Fan Wang, Yihong Xie, Huizi Wang, Lan Ding, Yuejian Shen, Xiaoli Zhou, Junli Feng, Qing Shen
Summary: This study established an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model of zebrafish induced by AlCl3 and found that marine-derived plasmalogens (Pls) could alleviate cognitive impairments of AD zebrafish by reversing athletic impairment and altering the expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress, ferroptosis, synaptic dysfunction, and apoptosis.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lu Li, Jiaqi Ren, Qi Fang, Liqiang Yu, Jintao Wang
Summary: ICU-AW is a common and severe neuromuscular complication in critically ill patients. Electrophysiological examination is essential for accurate diagnosis and early prediction of the disease. This study aimed to establish and validate an ICU-AW predictive model in SIRS patients, providing a practical tool for early clinical prediction.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmad Alipour, Roghayeh Mohammadi
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the separate and combined effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) regions on pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from neuropathic pain (NP). The results showed that tDCS had the potential to induce pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from NP. The mean perceived pain intensity in the posttest was lower in the M1 stimulation group than in the F3 stimulation group. However, more trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to define clinically relevant effects.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Eduardo J. Fusse, Franciele F. Scarante, Maria A. Vicente, Mariana M. Marrubia, Flavia Turcato, Davi S. Scomparin, Melissa A. Ribeiro, Maria J. Figueiredo, Tamires A. V. Brigante, Francisco S. Guimaraes, Alline C. Campos
Summary: Repeated exposure to psychosocial stress alters the endocannabinoid system and affects brain regions associated with emotional distress. Enhancing the effects of endocannabinoids through pharmacological inhibition induces an anti-stress behavioral effect, possibly mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Giulia Agostoni, Luca Bischetti, Federica Repaci, Margherita Bechi, Marco Spangaro, Irene Ceccato, Elena Cavallini, Luca Fiorentino, Francesca Martini, Jacopo Sapienza, Mariachiara Buonocore, Michele Francesco D'Incalci, Federica Cocchi, Carmelo Guglielmino, Roberto Cavallaro, Marta Bosia, Valentina Bambini
Summary: This study found a general impairment in humor comprehension in individuals with schizophrenia, with mental jokes being more difficult for both patients and controls. Humor comprehension was closely associated with the patients' overall pragmatic and linguistic profile, while the association with Theory of Mind (ToM) was minimal. Another notable finding was the increased appreciation of humor in individuals with schizophrenia, who rated jokes as funnier than controls did, regardless of whether they were correctly or incorrectly completed. The funniness ratings were not predicted by any measure, suggesting a dimension of humor untied to cognition or psychopathology.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiuping Gong, Qi Li, Yang Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates that Sev targets CREBBP to inhibit ALG13 transcription, leading to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
