Article
Microbiology
Moises Garces, Isabel M. Guijarro, Diane L. Ritchie, Juan J. Badiola, Marta Monzon
Summary: Human prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by accumulation of pathological prion protein, neuronal death, and vacuolation. Glial cells, especially astrocytes and microglia, play a prominent role in the neurodegenerative process regardless of the prion type. Common pathological features such as gliosis were observed in all types of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sabahat Iqbal, Jose E. Leon-Rojas, Marian Galovic, Sjoerd B. Vos, Alexander Hammers, Jane de Tisi, Matthias J. Koepp, John S. Duncan
Summary: The volume of the piriform cortex is related to the clinical characteristics of refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. The right piriform cortex is usually larger than the left, and the volume is smaller in patients with longer duration of epilepsy and bilateral hippocampal sclerosis.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sarah Delcourte, Amel Bouloufa, Renaud Rovera, Cecile Betry, Erika Abrial, Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya, Christophe Heinrich, Guillaume Marcy, Olivier Raineteau, Nasser Haddjeri, Guillaume Lucas, Adeline Etievant
Summary: This study reveals the significant role of prefrontal cortex astroglia in memory performance and synaptic plasticity.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chengzhi Zhang, Yanmei Yang, Yanhui Gao, Dianjun Sun
Summary: Excessive fluoride exposure can lead to neuronal apoptosis and cognitive dysfunction, with chronic fluoride-induced microglia activation and up-regulation of IL-1 beta playing important roles.
Article
Neurosciences
Marco de Curtis, Laura Librizzi, Laura Uva
Summary: Seizures affecting the limbic regions, such as the hippocampus, are common and often resistant to medication. This study examines the network mechanisms involved in the generation of olfactory-limbic epileptiform patterns and discusses the potential relevance of these findings for human focal epilepsy. The interactions within olfactory-limbic circuits, including region-specific seizure-like events and cortical control, are investigated using in vitro preparations and pro-convulsive drugs.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrew Sheriff, Guinevere Pandolfi, Vivian S. Nguyen, Leslie M. Kay
Summary: The study reveals widespread interactions among nasal respiration, olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, and hippocampus in awake freely moving rats, supporting the piriform cortex as an integrator of respiratory and theta activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kouji Niidome, Ruri Taniguchi, Takeshi Yamazaki, Mayumi Tsuji, Kouichi Itoh, Yasuhiro Ishihara
Summary: The study identified FosL1 as a target of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (LEV) in suppressing neuroinflammation by reducing FosL1 expression and AP-1 activity in activated microglia. LEV may be a potential treatment option for various neurological diseases involving microglial activation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Aida Maziar, Tristian N. R. H. Y. Critch, Sourav Ghosh, Vishaal Rajani, Cassandra M. Flynn, Tian Qin, Camila Reinhardt, Kwun Nok Mimi Man, Amy Lee, Johannes W. Hell, Qi Yuan
Summary: Aging is linked to cognitive decline and memory loss. In rats, aging leads to changes in neuronal excitability in the piriform cortex and hippocampus, affecting learning abilities.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ludmila A. Kasatkina, Vitaliy P. Gumenyuk, Olha O. Lisakovska, Irene O. Trikash
Summary: Oligomeric forms of Aβ can compromise synaptic vesicle fusion machinery during neuroinflammation, while the antiepileptic agent levetiracetam can affect APP processing and Aβ generation within the hippocampus by targeting synaptic vesicle recycling and restricting overexcitation.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Valeri Borger, Motaz Hamed, Majd Bahna, Attila Racz, Inja Ilic, Anna-Laura Potthoff, Tobias Baumgartner, Theodor Rueber, Albert Becker, Alexander Radbruch, Florian Mormann, Rainer Surges, Hartmut Vatter, Matthias Schneider
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of piriform cortex (PiC) resection on long-term seizure outcome in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) treated with selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy (tsSAHE). The results showed that the extent of PiC resection strongly correlated with long-term seizure outcome, suggesting PiC to be a key target volume in tsSAHE for achieving long-term seizure freedom.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Judith Leyh, Sabine Paeschke, Bianca Mages, Dominik Michalski, Marcin Nowicki, Ingo Bechmann, Karsten Winter
Summary: The study developed a new method for classifying microglial morphology using a convolutional neuronal network, based on manually selected cells and traditional morphological parameters. The classification method was validated in a mouse model of ischemic stroke by studying ramified, rod-like, activated, and amoeboid microglia. This machine learning approach may provide a time-saving and objective tool for characterizing microglial changes in both healthy and disease mouse models, as well as in human brain autopsy samples.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Wu, Penglai Liu, Chi Geng, Changyu Liu, Jiaxin Li, Qiuju Zhu, Anan Li
Summary: The underlying neural mechanism of seizure generation and propagation in the piriform cortex (PC) remains unclear. In this study, increased excitability in PC neurons during amygdala kindling acquisition was found. Activation of PC pyramidal neurons promoted kindling progression, while inhibition of these neurons retarded seizure activities induced by kindling. Moreover, inhibiting PC pyramidal neurons alleviated the severity of kainic acid-induced acute seizures, providing evidence for their potential as a therapeutic target for epileptogenesis.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhuoyi He, Houminji Chen, Yongsheng Zhong, Qihang Yang, Xuemin Wang, Rongqing Chen, Yanwu Guo
Summary: This study demonstrates that miR 223 affects microglial autophagy by targeting ATG16L1 in the KA model of TLE, suggesting a potential new treatment option for TLE.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jong Youl Lee, Eun Ae Jeong, Jaewoong Lee, Hyun Joo Shin, So Jeong Lee, Hyeong Seok An, Kyung Eun Kim, Won-Ho Kim, Yong Chul Bae, Heeyoung Kang, Gu Seob Roh
Summary: Age-related microglial activation is associated with cognitive impairment. TonEBP plays important roles in age-related microglial activation and memory deficits. TonEBP haploinsufficiency reduces microglial activation, synaptic pruning, dendritic spine loss, and memory deficits in middle-aged and amyloid beta oligomer-treated mice. Additionally, TonEBP knockdown attenuates migration and phagocytosis in amyloid beta oligomer-treated BV2 cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheng Zhao, Zhuo Chen, Xu Lu, Wenfeng Hu, Rongrong Yang, Qun Lu, Bingran Chen, Chao Huang
Summary: The decline of microglia in the hippocampus has been linked to the development of depression, and the reversal of this decline shows antidepressant effects. Beta-glucan, a polysaccharide, has beneficial effects on the nervous system and may correct the functional deficiency of microglia. In animal studies, beta-glucan administration reversed depression-like behaviors induced by chronic stress and its effects were mediated by microglia stimulation.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Song Xue, Feng Kong, Yiying Song, Jia Liu
Summary: This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the relationship between individual's spontaneous neural activity and social interaction anxiety in a nonclinical population. The results showed that social interaction anxiety was correlated with the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in several brain regions, and that emotional intelligence partially mediated this relationship. This study provides evidence for the neural basis of social interaction anxiety in the normal population and highlights the role of emotional intelligence in this anxiety.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Katsuyuki Yamaguchi, Takuya Yazawa
Summary: This study provides morphometric data on the development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus (AN) by examining the brains of preterm and perinatal infants. The results show that AN morphology demonstrates asymmetry and individual variability during the fetal period. The volume and neuronal number of AN increase exponentially with age, while neuronal density decreases exponentially. The AN may undergo neuron death and neuroblasts production after mid-gestation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zhan Zhou, Weixin Dai, Tianxiao Liu, Min Shi, Yi Wei, Lifei Chen, Yubo Xie
Summary: Studies have shown that propofol-induced neurotoxicity is caused by disruption of mitochondrial fission and fusion, leading to an energy supply imbalance for developing neurons. Healthy mitochondria released by astrocytes can migrate to compromised neurons to mitigate propofol-induced neurotoxicity, but the exact mechanisms involved still need further clarification.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
An Chen, Song Hao, Yongpeng Han, Yang Fang, Yibei Miao
Summary: This study explores the efficacy of two forms of BCI attention training games and finds that physical games may be more effective than video games. The research also offers valuable insights for future game design from a neuroscience perspective.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lina Liu, Luran Liu, Yunting Lu, Tianyuan Zhang, Wenting Zhao
Summary: This study reveals that GDI1 serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker for AD and inhibition of GDI1 can attenuate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. The findings offer new insights for the treatment of AD.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Zahra Gholami, Ava Soltani Hekmat, Ali Abbasi, Kazem Javanmardi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alamandine on allodynia in a rat model and found the presence of MrgD receptors in the vlPAG and RVM regions. Microinjection of alamandine resulted in a significant increase in paw withdrawal threshold and could be blocked by an MrgD receptor antagonist. Upregulation of MrgD receptor expression following allodynia induction suggests a potential compensatory mechanism in response to pain.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Mingliang Xu, Lei Xia, Junjie Li, Yehong Du, Zhifang Dong
Summary: This study found that DHF effectively alleviates sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in developing mice by restoring the balance between tau O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation. Therefore, DHF has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for treating cognitive impairment associated with anesthetics, such as sevoflurane.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Tsubasa Mitsutake, Hisato Nakazono, Takanori Taniguchi, Hisayoshi Yoshizuka, Maiko Sakamoto
Summary: The posterior parietal cortex plays a crucial role in postural stability, and transcranial electrical stimulation of this region can modulate physical control responses. This study found that cathodal stimulation significantly decreased joint angular velocity in multiple directions, while there were no significant differences with transcranial random noise stimulation.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xishuai Yang, Wei Zhang, Xueli Chang, Zuopeng Li, Runquan Du, Junhong Guo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose rituximab (RTX) in patients with muscle-specific kinase antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG). The results showed that low-dose RTX treatment led to significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life for patients with MuSK-MG.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Jian Zhang, Shunyuan Guo, Rong Tao, Fan Wang, Yihong Xie, Huizi Wang, Lan Ding, Yuejian Shen, Xiaoli Zhou, Junli Feng, Qing Shen
Summary: This study established an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model of zebrafish induced by AlCl3 and found that marine-derived plasmalogens (Pls) could alleviate cognitive impairments of AD zebrafish by reversing athletic impairment and altering the expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress, ferroptosis, synaptic dysfunction, and apoptosis.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Lu Li, Jiaqi Ren, Qi Fang, Liqiang Yu, Jintao Wang
Summary: ICU-AW is a common and severe neuromuscular complication in critically ill patients. Electrophysiological examination is essential for accurate diagnosis and early prediction of the disease. This study aimed to establish and validate an ICU-AW predictive model in SIRS patients, providing a practical tool for early clinical prediction.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Ahmad Alipour, Roghayeh Mohammadi
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the separate and combined effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3) regions on pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from neuropathic pain (NP). The results showed that tDCS had the potential to induce pain relief in patients with type-2 diabetes suffering from NP. The mean perceived pain intensity in the posttest was lower in the M1 stimulation group than in the F3 stimulation group. However, more trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to define clinically relevant effects.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Eduardo J. Fusse, Franciele F. Scarante, Maria A. Vicente, Mariana M. Marrubia, Flavia Turcato, Davi S. Scomparin, Melissa A. Ribeiro, Maria J. Figueiredo, Tamires A. V. Brigante, Francisco S. Guimaraes, Alline C. Campos
Summary: Repeated exposure to psychosocial stress alters the endocannabinoid system and affects brain regions associated with emotional distress. Enhancing the effects of endocannabinoids through pharmacological inhibition induces an anti-stress behavioral effect, possibly mediated by the mTOR signaling pathway.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Giulia Agostoni, Luca Bischetti, Federica Repaci, Margherita Bechi, Marco Spangaro, Irene Ceccato, Elena Cavallini, Luca Fiorentino, Francesca Martini, Jacopo Sapienza, Mariachiara Buonocore, Michele Francesco D'Incalci, Federica Cocchi, Carmelo Guglielmino, Roberto Cavallaro, Marta Bosia, Valentina Bambini
Summary: This study found a general impairment in humor comprehension in individuals with schizophrenia, with mental jokes being more difficult for both patients and controls. Humor comprehension was closely associated with the patients' overall pragmatic and linguistic profile, while the association with Theory of Mind (ToM) was minimal. Another notable finding was the increased appreciation of humor in individuals with schizophrenia, who rated jokes as funnier than controls did, regardless of whether they were correctly or incorrectly completed. The funniness ratings were not predicted by any measure, suggesting a dimension of humor untied to cognition or psychopathology.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiuping Gong, Qi Li, Yang Liu
Summary: This study demonstrates that Sev targets CREBBP to inhibit ALG13 transcription, leading to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2024)