Review
Neurosciences
Justin L. Krieg, Anna V. Leonard, Renee J. Turner, Frances Corrigan, Caroline Schnakers
Summary: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a significant feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with different cytoskeletal components and temporal patterns. Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the most sensitive marker for axonal injury, but there are other types of axonal injury that cannot be detected using APP immunoreactivity. Recent research has identified the nodes of Ranvier and the axon initial segment as particularly vulnerable to axonal injury.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane, Maria del Mar Puigferrat Perez, Rossella Di Sapia, Niina Lapinlampi, Asia Pitkanen
Summary: Traumatic brain injury disrupts the integrity of thalamic and cortical connections, leading to reorganization in the response to thalamic stimulation. TBI rats show decreased axon terminal density, altered orientation, and anisotropy of terminals in the perilesional cortex. Moreover, optical stimulation of the sensory thalamus induces different EEG responses in TBI rats compared to controls.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dan Benjamini, Diego Iacono, Michal E. Komlosh, Daniel P. Perl, David L. Brody, Peter J. Basser
Summary: The study focused on investigating the changes in different MRI parameters related to DAI in traumatic brain injury, using a combination of MRI and histopathology. The results suggest that multidimensional MRI can effectively differentiate the severity of axonal injury and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for DAI detection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jane Ryu, Phillip Stone, Sabrina Lee, Brighton Payne, Karen Gorse, Audrey Lafrenaye
Summary: This study investigated the acute effects of the opioid analgesic buprenorphine on diffuse neuronal/glial pathology, neuroinflammation, cell damage, and systemic physiology following traumatic brain injury. The results showed that buprenorphine treatment led to reduced weight loss after injury and region-specific histological changes in microglia and astrocytes, but minimal differences in other acute pathology at 1-day post-injury. Long-term studies will be needed to assess potential effects of buprenorphine treatment on more chronic pathological progressions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Yu H. Zhong, Bi E. Zheng, Ren H. He, Zhou Zhou, Sheng Q. Zhang, Yi Wei, Jian Z. Fan
Summary: This study found that low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with the occurrence and prognosis of DAI in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Plasma levels of HDL-C may serve as a useful addition to predicting the presence and prognosis of DAI on subsequent MRI following TBI.
NEUROCRITICAL CARE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryo Ueda, Hiroyoshi Hara, Junichi Hata, Atsushi Senoo
Summary: This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of white matter tract degeneration in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) using automated tractography. Both DAI and MTBI were found to exhibit axonal degeneration in a scattered manner. DAI patients showed more pronounced axonal degeneration in the ampulla of the corpus callosum compared to MTBI patients, and the two conditions could be accurately distinguished using DTI.
Article
Neurosciences
Jean Michaud, Isabelle Plu, Jacqueline Parai, Andre Bourgault, Caroline Tanguay, Danielle Seilhean, John Woulfe
Summary: Traumatic brain injury is a major insult that can lead to the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In this study, severe TBI patients who remained comatose until death were found to have ballooned neurons, similar to those seen in neurodegenerative disorders. The presence of these neurons in TBI patients has not been previously reported. Further research is needed to understand the frequency of this neuronal finding and its relationship with proximal axonal defects.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ilknur Ozen, Hongcheng Mai, Alessandro De Maio, Karsten Ruscher, Georgios Michalettos, Fredrik Clausen, Michael Gottschalk, Saema Ansar, Sertan Arkan, Ali Erturk, Niklas Marklund
Summary: Cerebellar dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly observed. This study investigated the indirect mechanisms causing cerebellar pathology by using a model of widespread traumatic axonal injury in mice. The findings suggest that TBI leads to early degeneration of Purkinje cells (PCs) and alterations in synaptic size and neurofilament levels in PCs. Diffuse TBI is also associated with decreased synapses on PCs and axonal varicosities in the cerebellum. The disruption of cortico-cerebellar circuits is linked to poor performance in the beam-walk test.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Weiliang Chen, Guanjun Wang, Chunyu Yao, Zujian Zhu, Rui Chen, Wen Su, Rongcai Jiang
Summary: The study included 115 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI who underwent NSE measurements within 6 hours after injury and brain MRI within 30 days. The NGR on admission was found to be significantly lower in patients without DAI compared to those with DAI, showing high diagnostic accuracy.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amy E. Jolly, Maria Balaet, Adriana Azor, Daniel Friedland, Stefano Sandrone, Neil S. N. Graham, Karl Zimmerman, David J. Sharp
Summary: This study introduces a pipeline for assessing the presence of axonal injury in traumatic brain injury patients, revealing that the majority of patients have axonal injury in the chronic and subacute phases. Patients with axonal injury exhibit significantly poorer cognitive and functional outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica M. Sharkey, Ryan D. Quarrington, Justin L. Krieg, Lola Kaukas, Renee J. Turner, Anna Leonard, Claire F. Jones, Frances Corrigan
Summary: Damage to axonal white matter tracts within the brain is a major contributor to neurological impairment and long-term disability after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to investigate the effect of post-traumatic hypoxia on axonal injury and inflammation in a sheep model of TBI. The results showed that early axonal injury was characterized by calpain activation and increased SNTF immunoreactivity, while axonal transport was not impaired. These findings indicate that axonal injury post-TBI is driven by different pathophysiological mechanisms.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marios Lampros, Nikolaos Vlachos, Parmenion P. Tsitsopoulos, Anastasia K. Zikou, Maria I. Argyropoulou, Spyridon Voulgaris, George A. Alexiou
Summary: Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a subtype of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that results from high-impact forces causing damage to axonal fibers. Conventional imaging methods often fail to detect TAI lesions, but novel imaging modalities and biomarkers show promise in improving diagnosis and prediction of outcomes in TAI patients. This review discusses the role of these imaging modalities and potential biomarkers in diagnosing, classifying, and predicting outcomes in TAI patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel J. Brennan, Jeffrey Duda, Jeffrey B. Ware, John Whyte, Joon Yul Choi, James Gugger, Kristen Focht, Alexa E. Walter, Tamara Bushnik, James C. Gee, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Junghoon J. Kim
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in progressive neurodegeneration and brain atrophy. This study investigated the spatial and temporal evolution of TBI-related atrophy using longitudinal scans of 37 individuals with TBI and 33 matched controls. The results showed early cortical thinning and reduced volume in specific brain regions, as well as continued atrophy over time. The findings suggest that atrophy during the first year of TBI can serve as a biomarker for neurodegeneration.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Victorio M. Pozo Devoto, Valentina Lacovich, Monica Feole, Pratiksha Bhat, Jaroslav Chovan, Maria Carna, Isaac G. Onyango, Neda Dragisic, Martina Susserova, Martin E. Barrios-Llerena, Gorazd B. Stokin
Summary: Axonal swellings (AS) are neuropathological changes in several disorders, and their formation is associated with perturbed calcium homeostasis. Changes in intra-axonal calcium are not responsible for the formation of AS, but are required for their persistence. Following injury, the de/phosphorylation of axonal proteins, mainly those in the cytoskeleton, occurs, leading to rearrangement and support of axonal transport within AS.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexandra A. Adams, Ying Li, Haesun A. Kim, Bryan J. Pfister
Summary: In vitro models of traumatic brain injury commonly use neurons from the central nervous system, but there are limitations with primary cortical cultures. This study aimed to compare the response of cortical and DRGN axons to mechanical stretch injury associated with TBI. The results showed that both types of axons exhibited similar morphological changes, elongation, recovery, and degeneration after injury.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Benjamin J. Allitt, Dasuni S. Alwis, Ramesh Rajan
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2017)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Victoria P. A. Johnstone, Helena M. Viola, Livia C. Hool
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Sarah C. Hellewell, Stefania Mondello, Alison Conquest, Gerry Shaw, Irina Madorsky, Jay V. Deng, Lorraine Little, Firas Kobeissy, Nicole Bye, Rinaldo Bellomo, David J. Cooper, Shirley Vallance, Jasmine Board, Maria C. Morganti-Kossmann
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Tristan A. Chaplin, Benjamin J. Allitt, Maureen A. Hagan, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Ramesh Rajan, Leo L. Lui
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Neurosciences
Simone F. Carron, Edwin B. Yan, Benjamin J. Allitt, Ramesh Rajan
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Piotr Majka, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Shi Bai, Jonathan M. Chan, Bing-Xing Huo, Natalia Jermakow, Meng K. Lin, Yeonsook S. Takahashi, Ianina H. Wolkowicz, Katrina H. Worthy, Ramesh Rajan, David H. Reser, Daniel K. Wojcik, Hideyuki Okano, Partha P. Mitra
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Shuyu Zhu, Ben Allitt, Anil Samuel, Leo Lui, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Ramesh Rajan
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Simone F. Carron, Mujun Sun, Sandy R. Shultz, Ramesh Rajan
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Thomas Burns, Ramesh Rajan
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Helena M. Viola, Ashay A. Shah, Victoria P. A. Johnstone, Henrietta Cserne Szappanos, Mark P. Hodson, Livia C. Hool
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Shuyu Zhu, Benjamin Allitt, Anil Samuel, Leo Lui, Marcello G. P. Rosa, Ramesh Rajan
FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Helena M. Viola, Victoria P. A. Johnstone, Abbie M. Adams, Susan Fletcher, Livia C. Hool
JACC-BASIC TO TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Benjamin J. Allitt, Victoria P. A. Johnstone, Katrina L. Richards, Edwin B. Yan, Ramesh Rajan
CELL TRANSPLANTATION
(2017)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Helena M. Viola, Victoria P. A. Johnstone, Christopher Semsarian, Livia C. Hool
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2017)
Meeting Abstract
Biophysics
Helena M. Viola, Victoria P. A. Johnstone, Abbie M. Adams, Susan Fletcher, Livia C. Hool
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
