Article
Neurosciences
Riku Kawanabe, Kohei Yoshihara, Izuho Hatada, Makoto Tsuda
Summary: Astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn have increased Ca2+ levels following intraplantar injection of formalin, with mechanisms regulated by descending noradrenergic signals. The Ca2+ response can be suppressed by ablating locus coeruleus-NAergic neurons projecting to the SDH or by losing alpha(1A)-adrenaline receptors in astrocytes.
Article
Immunology
Juan Li, Yiyong Wei, Junli Zhou, Helin Zou, Lulin Ma, Chengxi Liu, Zhi Xiao, Xingfeng Liu, Xinran Tan, Tian Yu, Song Cao
Summary: Selective activation of the LC:SC pathway alleviates neuropathic pain in mice by increasing noradrenaline release and reducing neuroinflammation of astrocytes and microglia in the spinal dorsal horn.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Meritxell Llorca-Torralba, Carmen Camarena-Delgado, Irene Suarez-Pereira, Lidia Bravo, Patricia Mariscal, Jose Antonio Garcia-Partida, Carolina Lopez-Martin, Hong Wei, Antti Pertovaara, Juan Antonio Mico, Esther Berrocoso
Summary: There is a strong comorbidity between chronic pain and depression. The activation of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons is closely related to pain and depression. The time of injury also affects the symptoms, with early injury causing sensory hypersensitivity and long-term pain leading to depressive-like behavior.
Article
Neurosciences
Paul R. Manger, Oxana Eschenko
Summary: The nuclear parcellation of the locus coeruleus complex has been described in approximately 80 mammal species, revealing significant variations in noradrenergic neuron organization across species. Understanding these differences is crucial for translating findings from laboratory rodents to humans.
Article
Neurosciences
Dexu Kong, Yunchun Zhang, Po Gao, Chao Pan, Haoyue Deng, Saihong Xu, Dan Tang, Jie Xiao, Yingfu Jiao, Weifeng Yu, Daxiang Wen
Summary: The study revealed a direct neural projection from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in the brain, which is involved in the modulation of colorectal visceral pain and stress-related psychiatric disorders. Activation of this circuit induces visceral hyperalgesia and anxiety in mice, while inhibition of the circuit alleviates these symptoms. The findings suggest that targeting the LC-RVM circuit could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the comorbidity of visceral pain and stress-related psychiatric disorders.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lequan Wen, Lirui Tang, Mingming Zhang, Congrui Wang, Shujuan Li, Yuqing Wen, Hongcheng Tu, Haokun Tian, Jingyi Wei, Peiwen Liang, Changsen Yang, Guodong Li, Yun Gao
Summary: This study investigated whether gallic acid could alleviate comorbid visceral pain and depression by reducing the expression of the P2X7 receptor. The results demonstrated that gallic acid was able to relieve pain and depression, while also reducing the expressions of the P2X7 receptor and p-ERK1/2. Gallic acid treatment also decreased inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha levels, while increasing IL-10 levels in the serum.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Peter D. Drummond, Philip M. Finch
Summary: Research suggests that neural activity in pathways linked with the locus coeruleus is compromised on the affected side in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), contributing to autonomic disturbances, auditory discomfort, and pain. This may exacerbate pain and hyperalgesia in CRPS and contribute to hemilateral disturbances in sensory processing.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claire O'Callaghan, Frank H. Hezemans, Rong Ye, Catarina Rua, P. Simon Jones, Alexander G. Murley, Negin Holland, Ralf Regenthal, Kamen A. Tsvetanov, Noham Wolpe, Roger A. Barker, Caroline H. Williams-Gray, Trevor W. Robbins, Luca Passamonti, James B. Rowe
Summary: Cognitive decline is common in Parkinson's disease and often unresponsive to dopaminergic therapy. Targeting the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system may improve response inhibition deficits, with atomoxetine showing potential in some patients. Predicting treatment response and patient selection for atomoxetine therapy based on locus coeruleus integrity is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes.
Review
Neurosciences
Giuliano Taccola, Ronaldo M. Ichiyama, V. Reggie Edgerton, Parag Gad
Summary: This review discusses the physiological states of spinal networks, highlighting the stochastic modulation by changing ensembles of proprioceptive and supraspinal input. Spinal epidural interfaces offer a platform for studying spinal network dynamics post-injury. Low-frequency epidural pulses can evoke motor responses with oscillatory patterns. The neural variability among spinal networks is seen as a fundamental mechanism of network design rather than noise interfering with movement control.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ara Schorscher-Petcu, Flora Takacs, Liam E. Browne
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of optogenetic stimulation to achieve "remote touch", uncovering different behavioral responses in mice with specific somatosensory inputs. These findings can be used to define specific behavioral repertoires, examine the timing and nature of reflexes, and dissect sensory, motor, cognitive, and motivational processes guiding behavior.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Karen-Amanda Irvine, Christopher M. Peters, Elena M. Vazey, Adam R. Ferguson, J. David Clark
Summary: The disruption of endogenous pain control mechanisms, particularly the descending pain inhibition, has been associated with various forms of pain, including chronic pain following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study explored the potential of selectively stimulating neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), the key noradrenergic nucleus involved in descending pain inhibition, to reduce nociception after TBI. The findings suggested that directly stimulating the LC could alleviate both early and late manifestations of dysfunctional endogenous pain regulation. Therefore, clinical approaches targeting descending pain circuits may hold promise in alleviating pain in individuals with TBI.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2022)
Article
Biology
Juan Carlos Cerpa, Alessandro Piccin, Margot Dehove, Marina Lavigne, Eric J. Kremer, Mathieu Wolff, Shauna L. Parkes, Etienne Coutureau
Summary: Organisms need to track the relationship between actions and consequences in order to make decisions, which relies on circuits in the brain. There is functional heterogeneity within certain areas of the brain in rodents. Neuromodulatory agents play a crucial role in prefrontal functions and behavioral flexibility.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mohamed N. Thabit, Ahmad Ezat, Mohamed A. Ismael, Saber Hadad
Summary: This case-control study investigated changes in spinal excitability in fibromyalgia patients and found a significant increase in the ratio of H-max/M-max compared to healthy controls. There were no significant correlations between this ratio and various pain-related measures, psychiatric comorbidity, and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia, but patients with fibromyalgia experienced more anxiety and depression.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mateusz W. Kucharczyk, Francesca Di Domenico, Kirsty Bannister
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between brain-spine pathways that project from the brain to the spinal cord and shows that their ability to inhibit pain depends on their connectivity, revealing a separable function for parallel brain-spine circuits.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Seong Su Kang, Eun Hee Ahn, Xia Liu, Matthew Bryson, Gary W. Miller, David Weinshenker, Keqiang Ye
Summary: ApoE4 enhances Tau neurotoxicity by inhibiting VMAT2, leading to LC neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.