Article
Neurosciences
Elias Paolo Casula, Maria Concetta Pellicciari, Sonia Bonni, Barbara Spano, Viviana Ponzo, Ilenia Salsano, Giovanni Giulietti, Alex Martino Cinnera, Michele Maiella, Ilaria Borghi, Lorenzo Rocchi, Marco Bozzali, Fabrizio Sallustio, Carlo Caltagirone, Giacomo Koch
Summary: Interhemispheric interactions in stroke patients show significant imbalance, with the affected hemisphere unable to trigger motor potentials while the unaffected hemisphere maintains inhibition onto the affected. Patients with better recovery in hand function exhibit more stable interhemispheric balance. Additionally, microstructural integrity of callosal fibers is associated with interhemispheric connectivity and suppression of TMS-evoked activity.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Leandro Ryuchi Iuamoto, Fabio Luis Kenji Ito, Thales Augusto Tome, Wu Tu Hsing, Alberto Meyer, Marta Imamura, Linamara Rizzo Battistella
Summary: This study contributes to a better understanding of the neurophysiological changes associated with knee osteoarthritis by observing neuroplasticity. These findings may aid in the early diagnosis of knee OA in the future. However, further research is still needed.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brenton Hordacre, Kristina Comacchio, Lindy Williams, Susan Hillier
Summary: The study demonstrated that active rTMS significantly improved depression in stroke survivors and was well tolerated. The mechanistic role of theta frequency functional connectivity may warrant further investigation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Takuya Matsumoto, Tatsunori Watanabe, Takayuki Kuwabara, Keisuke Yunoki, Xiaoxiao Chen, Nami Kubo, Hikari Kirimoto
Summary: Our study found that SICI in the ipsi-M1 is decreased during visually guided finger movements compared to rest condition. Additionally, both SICI and LICI were smaller in the right M1 compared to the left M1, regardless of task conditions.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Choong-Hee Roh, Da-Sol Kim, Gi-Wook Kim, Yu Hui Won, Myoung-Hwan Ko, Jeoung-Hwan Seo, Sung-Hee Park
Summary: This study investigated changes to motor organization and white matter tracts induced by polymicrogyria using TMS and DTI techniques. The case report suggests that despite the presence of polymicrogyria and ipsilateral brainstem atrophy, the patient had mild motor dysfunction and exhibited involuntary mirror movements.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emily Swinkin, Karlo J. Lizarraga, Musleh Algarni, Luis Garcia Dominguez, Julianne K. Baarbe, James Saravanamuttu, Robert Chen, Elizabeth Slow, Anthony E. Lang, Richard A. Wennberg
Summary: Celiac disease is associated with motor cortex hyperexcitability and cortical myoclonus. Neurophysiological characteristics in patients with celiac-associated cortical myoclonus include lateralized low-amplitude, electropositive beta-frequency polyspike activity over the central head region. Studies suggest that the oscillatory electroencephalography activity may be a distinct marker of celiac-related cortical myoclonus and is consistent with celiac-related motor cortex hyperexcitability, which may not necessarily result from cerebellar disinhibition.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jessica Guzman Lopez, Julio C. Hernandez-Pavon, Pantelis Lioumis, Jyrki P. Makela, Juha Silvanto
Summary: The impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the brain depends on the initial brain state. Visual/luminance adaptation has been used to modulate brain state prior to TMS application, aiming to enhance TMS effects. This study used electroencephalography to investigate the interactions between TMS and adaptation in the visual cortex.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeanette Hui, Reza Zomorrodi, Pantelis Lioumis, Elnaz Ensafi, Daphne Voineskos, Aristotle Voineskos, Itay Hadas, Tarek K. Rajji, Daniel M. Blumberger, Zafiris J. Daskalakis
Summary: Altered interhemispheric connectivity is found in both schizophrenia and major depressive disorder patients, indicating disruptions of interhemispheric signaling processes. There was increased interhemispheric signal propagation in patient groups compared to healthy controls, but no difference between SCZ and MDD groups. These results enhance our understanding of physiological mechanisms underlying interhemispheric imbalances in SCZ and MDD.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lorenzo Rocchi, Alessandro Di Santo, Katlyn Brown, Jaime Ibanez, Elias Casula, Vishal Rawji, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Giacomo Koch, John Rothwell
Summary: The study aims to measure the separate contributions of auditory and somatosensory stimulation caused by TMS, and assess their impact on the TEP waveform during motor cortex stimulation.
Auditory stimulation induces known responses in electrodes around the vertex, which can be suppressed by appropriate noise masking. Stimulation of the scalp alone generates nonspecific responses in central electrodes.
Article
Neurosciences
Emma L. Thompson, Geoffrey Bird, Caroline Catmur
Summary: This study aimed to determine the relationship between mirror neuron brain regions and two distinct processes: action identification and intention identification. The results showed that mirror neuron brain regions are involved in action identification but not in intention identification, which requires additional processing in mentalizing brain regions.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Guiyuan Cai, Manfeng Wu, Qian Ding, Tuo Lin, Wanqi Li, Yinghua Jing, Hongying Chen, Huiting Cai, Tifei Yuan, Guangqing Xu, Yue Lan
Summary: The study found that the alpha2 power in the sensorimotor region is inversely correlated with corticospinal excitability. Additionally, the global efficiency of the brain network is correlated with corticospinal excitability, showing a positive correlation with global efficiency in the theta band and a negative correlation with global efficiency in the alpha2 band.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eleonore H. M. Smalle, Tatsuya Daikoku, Arnaud Szmalec, Wouter Duyck, Riikka Mottonen
Summary: This study tests the impact of cognitive mechanisms on implicit statistical learning mechanisms in early language acquisition in adults. The results suggest that depleting cognitive control mechanisms enhances implicit auditory word segmentation abilities and improves word recognition.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Reza Kazemi, Reza Rostami, Zahra Nasiri, Abed L. Hadipour, Nasim Kiaee, John P. Coetzee, Angela Philips, Randi Brown, Srija Seenivasan, Maheen M. Adamson
Summary: The study found that bilateral and unilateral transcranial magnetic stimulation can alleviate rumination and depression, but modulate differently in the default mode network in the brain. Positive correlations between PLV and brooding in the delta and theta bands, as well as negative correlations with reflection in the theta, alpha, and beta bands were observed.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Muhammed Enes Gunduz, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Camila Bonin Pinto, Dante Duarte, Faddi Ghassan Saleh Velez, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur Gianlorenco, Paulo Eduardo Portes Teixeira, Stefano Giannoni-Luza, David Crandell, Linamara Rizzo Battistella, Marcel Simis, Felipe Fregni
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of tDCS and MT on phantom limb pain in traumatic lower limb amputees, with tDCS showing beneficial effects on pain while MT did not affect motor cortex plasticity changes.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Julius Kricheldorff, Katharina Goeke, Maximilian Kiebs, Florian H. Kasten, Christoph S. Herrmann, Karsten Witt, Rene Hurlemann
Summary: This review discusses the methods of exciting or inhibiting neurons in the human brain through electric and magnetic stimulation. Deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and transcranial electric stimulation are the main techniques explored. The review summarizes the effects of these stimulations on neuroplastic changes and suggests possible mechanisms and future directions.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Aino E. Tervo, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Pantelis Lioumis, Johanna Metsomaa, Victor H. Souza, Heikki Sinisalo, Matti Stenroos, Jukka Sarvas, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: This study developed an automated closed-loop system that adjusts transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters based on TMS-evoked brain activity measured with electroencephalography (EEG). The validation showed that the closed-loop control worked effectively, even with large variations in the single-trial EEG responses, and could approach the optimal stimulation orientation with only a few pulses.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jaakko O. Nieminen, Heikki Sinisalo, Victor H. Souza, Mikko Malmi, Mikhail Yuryev, Aino E. Tervo, Matti Stenroos, Diego Milardovich, Juuso T. Korhonen, Lari M. Koponen, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: This study developed an mTMS system that allows adjusting the location and orientation of the maximum electric field within a cortical region. The system consists of a 5-coil transducer and electronics with independently controlled H-bridge circuits. Characterization and motor-mapping experiments demonstrated that the system performs as designed, enabling targeted brain stimulation within a cortical region.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jusa Reijonen, Laura Saisanen, Minna Pitkanen, Meri Julkunen, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Petteri Nieminen, Petro Julkunen
Summary: Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) is a useful tool for mapping the motor cortex. This study used computational models and physiological responses to estimate the activated cortical area during nTMS motor mappings. The results showed good agreement with the original motor maps, and optimized coil placements were found to be close to the initial hotspot position.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Victor Hugo Souza, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Sergei Tugin, Lari M. Koponen, Oswaldo Baffa, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: This study aimed to develop a TMS transducer that can manipulate the orientation of the electric field with high accuracy in the millisecond-level time scale and validate a physiologically based model describing the orientation selectivity of neuronal excitability. The results showed that the developed electronic control allows accurate manipulation of the pulse orientation, and the motor response amplitude is dependent on the stimulus orientation, which is influenced by the stimulus intensity.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Silvia Casarotto, Matteo Fecchio, Mario Rosanova, Giuseppe Varone, Sasha D'Ambrosio, Simone Sarasso, Andrea Pigorini, Simone Russo, Angela Comanducci, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Marcello Massimini
Summary: This study introduces a new software tool called rt-TEP that can assess the magnitude of the initial brain response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and the quality of TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) in real time. The tool can detect and minimize interference in the post-stimulus period of the data and optimize TMS parameters.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Hideki Yamazaki, Pantelis Lioumis
Summary: The study shows that visual noise can affect the visibility of stimuli, with low-contrast or subliminal visual noise sometimes enhancing the visibility of low-contrast stimuli. The early visual cortex plays a significant role in this enhancement effect, and similarities in the characteristics of stochastic resonance phenomenon were revealed across different experiments.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ilkka J. Rissanen, Victor H. Souza, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Lari M. Koponen, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: Objective: This work aims to design manufacturable windings for TMS coils with fine control over the E-field distributions. Methods: A new mTMS coil design workflow is introduced with increased flexibility and faster computations. Custom constraints are incorporated to ensure accurate reproduction of target E-fields with feasible winding densities. Results: Applying constraints reduced current densities to target values and yielded winding paths suitable for predefined wire diameter and currents while replicating target E-fields. Conclusion: The developed method allows design of manufacturable mTMS transducers with increased control over induced E-field distribution, opening new possibilities for research and clinical TMS.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Aino E. Nieminen, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Matti Stenroos, Pavel Novikov, Maria Nazarova, Selja Vaalto, Vadim Nikulin, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: This study analyzed the factors affecting the accuracy and precision of TMS neuronavigation, with a focus on coil-head coregistration and the estimated E-field. The study found that errors in head-to-MRI registration and movement of the head tracker were major sources of error, and recommended the use of surface-based head-to-MRI registration for improved accuracy. Results also showed that using more realistic models for E-field computations improved accuracy in estimating the induced E-field.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Franca Tecchio, Federica Giambattistelli, Camillo Porcaro, Carlo Cottone, Tuomas P. Mutanen, Vittorio Pizzella, Laura Marzetti, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Fabrizio Vernieri, Paolo Maria Rossini
Summary: Stroke is a major cause of disability due to its motor and cognitive effects. It is crucial to understand the changes in the brain during the early stages of stroke in order to target rehabilitation procedures effectively. This study investigated the excitability properties of the primary motor cortex in stroke patients and found relevant changes in both TMS-evoked potentials and motor-evoked responses. The results suggest an overexcitable lesioned hemisphere in the acute phase, which may affect intracortical inhibitory networks and hinder recovery from stroke sequelae.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julio C. Hernandez-Pavon, Domenica Veniero, Til Ole Bergmann, Paolo Belardinelli, Marta Bortoletto, Silvia Casarotto, Elias P. Casula, Faranak Farzan, Matteo Fecchio, Petro Julkunen, Elisa Kallioniemi, Pantelis Lioumis, Johanna Metsomaa, Carlo Miniussi, Tuomas P. Mutanen, Lorenzo Rocchi, Nigel C. Rogasch, Mouhsin M. Shafi, Hartwig R. Siebner, Gregor Thut, Christoph Zrenner, Ulf Ziemann, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used to study cortical reactivity and connectivity. The lack of standardization in equipment, data collection, and analysis methods poses challenges in the field. This review provides methodological recommendations for effective TMS-EEG recordings and analysis, aiming to promote standardization across research groups.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Diego Milardovich, Victor H. Souza, Ivan Zubarev, Sergei Tugin, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Claudia Bigoni, Friedhelm C. Hummel, Juuso T. Korhonen, Dogu B. Aydogan, Pantelis Lioumis, Nima Taherinejad, Tibor Grasser, Risto J. Ilmoniemi
Summary: The study developed a deep learning-based algorithm, DELMEP, to automate the estimation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) latency. The algorithm has low computational cost, allowing real-time MEP characterization, and shows high accuracy. This makes it a promising option for artificial intelligence-based personalized clinical applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Giulia Pieramico, Roberto Guidotti, Aino E. Nieminen, Antea D'Andrea, Alessio Basti, Victor H. Souza, Jaakko O. Nieminen, Pantelis Lioumis, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Gian Luca Romani, Vittorio Pizzella, Laura Marzetti
Summary: Co-registration of TMS and EEG enables non-invasive exploration of brain circuits. TMS induces brain activation by generating a properly oriented electric field using an applied coil, while EEG measures the effects of the stimulation on brain electrical activity. This combined approach allows the investigation of brain connectivity and the modulation of functional connectivity intensity by altering the orientation of the electric field.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Renan H. Matsuda, Victor H. Souza, Petrus N. Kirsten, Risto J. Ilmoniemi, Oswaldo Baffa
Summary: In this study, a Python markerless head tracker neuronavigation software called MarLe is introduced and released, which uses computer-vision techniques and low-cost cameras to estimate the head pose and track the patient's head and TMS coil based on individual brain images. MarLe achieves real-time tracking of the patient's head without the need for any markers, and the combination of face detection and a coregistration algorithm overcomes the concerns caused by marker displacement in nTMS. MarLe improves the reliability, simplifies the protocol and reduces the intervention time of brain techniques like nTMS.
PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang He, Jun Tang, Meng Zhang, Junjie Ying, Dezhi Mu
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects and mechanisms of human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs) transplantation in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). The results showed that hPMSCs transplantation reduced apoptosis and improved long-term neurological prognosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of Sema 3A/NRP-1 expression and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway played a key role in the protective effects of hPMSCs.
Article
Neurosciences
Emily L. Isenstein, Edward G. Freedman, Jiayi Xu, Ian A. DeAndrea-Lazarus, John J. Foxe
Summary: This study evaluated electrophysiological discrimination of parametric somatosensory stimuli in healthy young adults to understand how the brain processes the duration of tactile information. The results showed that participants did not electrophysiologically discriminate between 100 and 115 ms, but they exhibited distinct electrophysiological responses when the deviant stimuli were 130, 145, and 160 ms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tactile sensitivity in different clinical conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Juliana R. Souza, Ludmila Lima-Silveira, Daniela Accorsi-Mendonca, Benedito H. Machado
Summary: This study demonstrates that A2A receptors play a crucial role in modulating synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons and are required for the enhancement of glutamatergic transmission observed under short-term sustained hypoxia conditions.
Article
Neurosciences
Miki Hashizume, Rina Ito, Rie Suge, Yasushi Hojo, Gen Murakami, Takayuki Murakoshi
Summary: The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is closely involved in the formation of emotional memories, including both aversive memory and contextual fear memory. Acute sleep deprivation (SD) disrupts the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory in juvenile rats, but has no significant effect on contextual fear memory. Slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Article
Neurosciences
Qunxian Wang, Shipeng Guo, Dongjie Hu, Xiangjun Dong, Zijun Meng, Yanshuang Jiang, Zijuan Feng, Weihui Zhou, Weihong Song
Summary: GSDME plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease by regulating the switch from apoptosis to pyroptosis and participating in neuroinflammatory response. Knockdown of GSDME has been shown to improve cognitive impairments, indicating that GSDME could be a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.