Review
Clinical Neurology
Isidora Tesic, Alessandro Pigoni, Chiara Moltrasio, Paolo Brambilla, Giuseppe Delvecchio
Summary: This review focuses on the effect of depression on pain processing through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). It found that depressed patients generally exhibit increased brain activation during pain perception, while antidepressant treatment reduces this activation. However, contrasting results were observed in pain anticipation among depressed patients. The review concludes that more specific and rigorous fMRI studies are needed to better understand the impact of depression on pain processing.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hong Yang, Xin Yang, He Liu, Hu Long, Huimin Hu, Qingxuan Wang, Renhuan Huang, Di Shan, Kaiming Li, Wenli Lai
Summary: This study investigated the modulation of brain activity associated with orthodontic pain by placebos using fMRI. Results showed similar brain activation patterns under placebo and non-placebo conditions, but with differences in the activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The placebo reduced activation in the primary sensory cortex and decreased ACC activation, suggesting the fundamental role of ACC in analgesia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daigo Takeuchi, Dheeraj Roy, Shruti Muralidhar, Takashi Kawai, Andrea Bari, Chanel Lovett, Heather A. Sullivan, Ian R. Wickersham, Susumu Tonegawa
Summary: The anterior cingulate cortex plays a critical role in allowing animals to update their behavior in response to environmental changes. This study demonstrates that the pathway from the cingulate to secondary motor cortex is necessary for updating motor rules following behavioral errors.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Lilya Andrianova, Steliana Yanakieva, Gabriella Margetts-Smith, Shivali Kohli, Erica S. Brady, John P. Aggleton, Michael T. Craig
Summary: The connectivity and interplay between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are important for cognitive processes, but the existence of a direct glutamatergic projection from the anterior cingulate cortex to the hippocampus has been questioned. In this study, multiple methods were used to validate a recent finding of this projection, but no evidence of such a projection was found.
Article
Neurosciences
Marcos Domic-Siede, Martin Irani, Joaquin Valdes, Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti, Tomas Ossandon
Summary: The study reveals the importance of cognitive planning in human goal-directed behavior, with different brain regions playing specific roles in the planning process. Activity in the prefrontal cortex is associated with increased time needed for plan elaboration, while activity in the frontopolar cortex is negatively correlated with execution time, indicating its role in efficiency and accuracy in plan execution. Theta activity in different brain regions reflects high cognitive demand and the successful generation of self-made plans.
Article
Neurosciences
Billy Kim, Dowon Kim, Anton Schulmann, Yash Patel, Carolina Caban-Rivera, Paul Kim, Ananya Jambhale, Kory R. Johnson, Ningping Feng, Qing Xu, Sun Jung Kang, Ajeet Mandal, Michael Kelly, Nirmala Akula, Francis J. McMahon, Barbara Lipska, Stefano Marenco, Pavan K. Auluck
Summary: Regional cellular heterogeneity in human neocortex is still unclear. This study uses single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to examine cell-specific transcriptional features in DLPFC and sgACC, finding more inhibitory cells in sgACC and considerable variability in excitatory neuron subclusters across brain regions. In addition, genetic signals of psychiatric disorders are mainly enriched in neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Kathleen I. Crum, Soonjo Hwang, Karina S. Blair, Joseph M. Aloi, Harma Meffert, Stuart F. White, Patrick M. Tyler, Ellen Leibenluft, Kayla Pope, R. J. R. Blair
Summary: Irritability and anxiety frequently co-occur in pediatric populations, and both may be related to emotion regulation and processing. Previous studies have not examined the neural responding during the performance of an emotion regulation task as a function of interaction between irritability and anxiety simultaneously.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ting Fan, Peng-Fei Guan, Xiao-Fang Zhong, Meng-Ya Xiang, Ying-Qiu Peng, Ruo-Qiao Zhou, Jia-Min Gong, Yu-Qing Zheng, A-Qiang Dai, Jia-Ling Feng, Hong-Zhe Yu, Jian Li, Hua-Wei Li, Yun-Feng Wang
Summary: Compared with individuals with hearing loss, tinnitus patients without hearing loss have more psychological or emotional problems. This study found that tinnitus is closely associated with abnormal metabolism and function in the limbic system, but the specific molecular mechanism is unknown. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was identified as a key brain region involved in the onset of tinnitus in mice, and there were changes in metabolism and phosphorylation patterns in the glutamatergic synaptic pathway. Additionally, the electroencephalogram of tinnitus patients showed increased functional connectivity between the ACC and the primary auditory cortex, which was correlated with the serum glutamate level.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yuefeng Huang, Anusha Mohan, S. Lauren McLeod, Alison M. Luckey, John Hart Jr, Sven Vanneste
Summary: The study demonstrates that modulating activity in the aDMN and pDMN causally affect memory retrieval performance. Anodal stimulation of the pDMN and cathodal stimulation of the aDMN equally improve the percentage of word-associations recalled 7 days after learning, suggesting a possible functional dissociation between the aDMN and pDMN in episodic memory retrieval.
Article
Neurosciences
Maite Crespo-Garcia, Yulin Wang, Mojun Jiang, Michael C. Anderson, Xu Lei
Summary: This study investigates how people limit awareness of unwanted memories and finds that dACC plays an important role in detecting the need for memory control, while rDLPFC counters intruding thoughts that penetrate awareness.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Norbert Hogrefe, Sigrid M. Blom, Kristina Valentinova, Niels R. Ntamati, Lotte J. E. Jonker, Natalie E. Nevian, Thomas Nevian
Summary: Malfunctioning synaptic plasticity is a major mechanism in the development of chronic pain. This study shows that even after recovery, the impact of chronic compression injury on synaptic plasticity persists.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Robert Kim, Terrence J. Sejnowski
Summary: By analyzing computational models and neural data, the authors demonstrate that inhibitory-to-inhibitory signaling is crucial for maintaining stable temporal dynamics and working memory in the primate prefrontal cortex.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wen-Yi Wu, Yawei Cheng, Keng- Chen Liang, Ray X. Lee, Chen -Tung Yen
Summary: Although the neuronal substrate underlying empathy-associated prosocial action is not well understood, our study in rats reveals the involvement of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex (InC) in empathic behaviors. We identified neurons with anti-mirror properties in addition to mirror properties in both ACC and InC. ACC neurons showed higher coupling between self-in-pain and others-in-pain, while InC had a higher ratio of anti-mirror neurons. During observed pain in others, ACC neurons were more activated during active nose-poking, while InC neurons were more activated during freezing. Furthermore, both ACC and InC neurons specifically responded to rat rescuing in the helping behavior test, which was contributed by mirror neurons rather than anti-mirror neurons. Our findings demonstrate the functional involvement of the mirror neuron system in prosocial behaviors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei-Ta Chen, Cing-Yan Hsieh, Yao-Hong Liu, Pou-Leng Cheong, Yi-Min Wang, Chia-Wei Sun
Summary: The study utilized fNIRS to measure brain hemodynamics in individuals with different types of migraines, indicating that this technology combined with machine learning can be used for migraine classification.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Dan-dan Long, Yu-zhuo Zhang, An Liu, Liang Shen, Hong-rui Wei, Qian-qian Lou, Shan-shan Hu, Dan-yang Chen, Xiao-qing Chai, Di Wang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of chronic nicotine exposure on ACC microglia and their interaction with ACC neurons, as well as the effects on nicotine-induced allodynia in mice. The results demonstrate that chronic nicotine treatment leads to alterations in ACC microglia and hyperactivity of ACC glutamatergic neurons. Inhibiting ACC glutamatergic neurons alleviates nicotine-induced allodynia and reduces microglial activation. Furthermore, the neuron-microglia interaction in chronic nicotine-induced allodynia is mediated by increased expression of neuronal CX3CL1, which activates microglia via CX3CR1 receptors.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Seok Jong Chung, Yae Ji Kim, Jin Ho Jung, Hye Sun Lee, Byoung Seok Ye, Young H. Sohn, Yong Jeong, Phil Hyu Lee
Summary: This study demonstrates that disrupted white matter connectivity in the frontal and posterior cortical regions is associated with early dementia conversion in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI).
Article
Clinical Neurology
Han Soo Yoo, Seun Jeon, Enrica Cavedo, MinJin Ko, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Michel J. Grothe, Stefan Teipel, Harald Hampel, Alan C. Evans, Byoung Seok Ye
Summary: The relationship between cholinergic degeneration, beta-amyloid, brain atrophy, and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) was comparatively evaluated. The results showed a common mechanism of beta-amyloid-related degeneration with or without the mediation of basal forebrain. However, the association of basal forebrain atrophy with cognitive dysfunction was more profound in LBD, where there was also localized beta-amyloid-cortical atrophy interaction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam Vignando, Dominic Ffytche, Simon J. G. Lewis, Phil Hyu Lee, Seok Jong Chung, Rimona S. Weil, Michele T. Hu, Clare E. Mackay, Ludovica Griffanti, Delphine Pins, Kathy Dujardin, Renaud Jardri, John-Paul Taylor, Michael Firbank, Grainne McAlonan, Henry K. F. Mak, Shu Leong Ho, Mitul A. Mehta
Summary: A study using a large-scale analysis of structural imaging data in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations reveals wider cortical involvement and associations with attentional control networks.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Young-gun Lee, Seun Jeon, Mincheol Park, Sung Woo Kang, So Hoon Yoon, Kyoungwon Baik, Phil Hyu Lee, Young Ho Sohn, Byoung Seok Ye
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the pattern of FDG-PET related to postmortem Lewy body disease (LBD) pathology. The results showed that AD and LBD pathologies had significant effects on the antemortem brain metabolism, and considering both pathologies could elucidate specific metabolic patterns related to AD and LBD pathologies.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Han Soo Yoo, Seong Ho Jeong, Kyeong Taek Oh, Sangwon Lee, Young H. Sohn, Byoung Seok Ye, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee
Summary: Yoo et al. investigated the relationship between striatal dopamine depletion, brain metabolism, and cognition in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. They found that striatal dopamine loss and brain hypometabolism are closely related, impacting cognition in a specific manner, and predicting cognitive decline. Brain hypometabolism was found to be more relevant to longitudinal cognitive outcomes than striatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with Lewy body dementia.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sakulrat Mankhong, Sujin Kim, Sohee Moon, Seong-Hye Choi, Hyo-Bum Kwak, Dong-Ho Park, Pratik Shah, Phil Hyu Lee, Seong Wook Yang, Ju-Hee Kang
Summary: This study discovered differentially expressed blood miRNAs in Korean AD patients and investigated their role in amyloidogenesis. However, the diagnostic utility of these miRNAs as biomarkers was limited.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Seong Ho Jeong, Hye Sun Lee, Jin Ho Jung, Kyoungwon Baik, Young H. Sohn, Seok Jong Chung, Phil Hyu Lee
Summary: This study revealed the correlation between striatal DAT availability and the severity of WMHs, with different types of WMHs affecting cognitive function in PD patients depending on the cognitive domains.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Seok Jong Chung, Yae Ji Kim, Yun Joong Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Yong Jeong, Young H. Sohn
Summary: This study found a link between cognitive function and motor reserve in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease. The motor reserve estimate was correlated with verbal memory function and white matter integrity in the left fornix.
JOURNAL OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Seong Ho Jeong, Chan Wook Park, Hye Sun Lee, Yun Joong Kim, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Seok Jong Chung
Summary: The study investigated whether different patterns of striatal dopamine depletion are associated with motor deficits in Parkinson's disease. A total of 404 drug-naive patients with early-stage PD were enrolled and underwent dopamine transporter imaging. Principal component analysis identified three patterns of dopamine depletion: overall deficiency, selective loss in the sensorimotor striatum, and symmetric loss in the striatum. Linear regression analysis revealed that overall deficiency and selective loss were associated with motor deficits, while symmetric loss was not. Mediation analysis showed that dopamine deficiency in the posterior putamen mediated the association between dopamine depletion patterns and motor deficits. These findings suggest that dopamine deficiency in the posterior putamen plays a crucial role in motor deficits in PD.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kyoungwon Baik, Jin Ho Jung, Seong Ho Jeong, Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Seung Wan Kang, Byoung Seok Ye
Summary: This study evaluated the patterns of quantitative EEG in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, and mixed disease. It was found that patients in the LBD and mixed disease groups had higher TBR values, while the presence of AD was not associated with TBR. Among cognitively impaired patients, higher TAR values were associated with language, memory, and visuospatial dysfunction, while higher TBR values were associated with memory and frontal/executive dysfunction.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Seong Ho Jeong, Namki Hong, Hye Sun Lee, Sookyeong Han, Young-gun Lee, Yoonju Lee, Yumie Rhee, Young H. Sohn, Phil Hyu Lee
Summary: This study found that skull bone density in female PD patients is associated with disease progression and motor impairments, especially in younger patients.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Seong Ho Jeong, Eun-Chong Lee, Seok Jong Chung, Hye Sun Lee, Jin Ho Jung, Young H. Sohn, Joon-Kyung Seong, Phil Hyu Lee
Summary: This study found that in early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD), local striatal volume (LSV) is correlated with individual motor reserve (MR). A larger volume of the anterior and ventro-posterior putamen is associated with initially lower levodopa equivalent dose (LED) requirement and accelerated LED increment thereafter.
NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jin Yong Hong, Phil Hyu Lee
Summary: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), self-perceived cognitive decline, are related to objective cognitive decline. SCCs in cognitively normal individuals serve as a preclinical sign of subsequent cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease. This review highlights the current research on SCCs in cognitively normal patients with Parkinson's disease, emphasizing the need for coherence in defining and assessing SCCs, and the value of SCCs in predicting cognitive decline. It also calls for further biomarker studies to establish the underlying pathological basis for these findings.
JOURNAL OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Seong Ho Jeong, Jungho Cha, Jin Ho Jung, Mijin Yun, Young H. Sohn, Seok Jong Chung, Phil Hyu Lee
Summary: This study found that additional occipital amyloid-beta deposition is associated with poor baseline language function and rapid cognitive deterioration in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kyoungwon Baik, Seun Jeon, Mincheol Park, Young-gun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Byoung Seok Ye
Summary: This study compared the imaging characteristics and cutoff value of 18F-florapronol (FC119S) and 18F-florbetaben (FBB) positron emission tomography (PET) in detecting 3-amyloid positivity and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in patients with cognitive impairment. The findings showed that quantitative FC119S-PET analysis provided reliable information for detecting 3-amyloid deposition and the presence of AD.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
