Journal
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 103-120Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-009-9126-x
Keywords
Bipolar disorder; Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; Executive function; Prefrontal cortex; Neurocognitive
Categories
Funding
- T32 [MH073517:01A1]
- F31 [MH075292-01]
- Center for Intervention and Development of Applied Research: Translational Research to Enhance Cognitive Control [P50 MH 077248-02]
- Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics [UL1RR024911, RL1LM009833]
- NARSAD Young Investigator Award
- National Institute of Mental Health [MH52617, MH77908]
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES [UL1RR024911] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R10MH052617, T32MH073517, P50MH077248, R01MH052617, R01MH077908, F31MH075292] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE [RL1LM009833] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Often, there is diagnostic confusion between bipolar disorder (BD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in youth due to similar behavioral presentations. Both disorders have been implicated as having abnormal functioning in the prefrontal cortex; however, there may be subtle differences in the manner in which the prefrontal cortex functions in each disorder that could assist in their differentiation. Executive function is a construct thought to be a behavioral analogy to prefrontal cortex functioning. We provide a qualitative review of the literature on performance on executive function tasks for BD and ADHD in order to determine differences in task performance and neurocognitive profile. Our review found primary differences in executive function in the areas of interference control, working memory, planning, cognitive flexibility, and fluency. These differences may begin to establish a pediatric BD profile that provides a more objective means of differential diagnosis between BD and ADHD when they are not reliably distinguished by clinical diagnostic methods.
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