Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sungmin Cho, Won Kee Chang, Jihong Park, Seung Hyun Lee, Jongseung Lee, Cheol E. Han, Nam-Jong Paik, Won-Seok Kim
Summary: Virtual prism adaptation therapy (VPAT) combines immersive virtual reality with a depth-sensing camera to provide a better way of quantifying and monitoring errors. This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure behavioral adaptations induced by VPAT and identify activated cortical areas. The results suggest that VPAT may induce behavioral adaptation through modulation of the dorsal attentional network.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Aeron Laffere, Fred Dick, Lori L. Holt, Adam Tierney
Summary: Children can align neural responses with the attended tone stream, and those with better motor timing control are better able to direct attention to the target melody. Children with ADHD may struggle with attentional engagement rather than attentional selection, as shown by their comparable attentional modulation of phase locking and neural phase shifts despite lower accuracy on the tonal attention task.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yusaku Takamura, Shintaro Fujii, Satoko Ohmatsu, Shu Morioka, Noritaka Kawashima
Summary: Visuospatial neglect (VSN) is a neurological syndrome where patients fail to detect stimuli on the side opposite a hemispheric lesion. A study found VSN can be divided into elements such as low arousal, exogenous neglect, and spatial working memory deficit, each correlating with specific neural damage. This research sheds light on the complex structure of VSN as a deficit in attention network components.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sadhvi Saxena, Zafer Keser, Chris Rorden, Leonardo Bonilha, Julius Fridriksson, Alexandra Walker, Argye Elizabeth Hillis
Summary: This study investigates the effect of acute stroke lesions on the connectivity of neural networks underlying hemispatial neglect. Results indicate that neglect is associated with white matter lesions connecting the right inferior parietal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and right thalamus to other brain regions. Viewer-centered neglect is strongly associated with lesions connecting the right putamen and right frontal regions to other brain regions, while the presence of both types of neglect is most strongly associated with lesions connecting the right inferior and superior parietal cortex and the left or right mesial temporal cortex to other brain regions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hanneke van Dijk, Guido van Wingen, Damiaan Denys, Sebastian Olbrich, Rosalinde van Ruth, Martijn Arns
Summary: Neuroscience utilizes electroencephalography (EEG) data to extract biomarkers for identifying neurological disorders or predicting treatment response. The TDBRAIN EEG database provides extensive clinical data on 1274 psychiatric patients, supporting biomarker development and artificial intelligent network training.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Antonia F. Ten Brink, Marlies Van Heijst, Brendan L. Portengen, Marnix Naber, Christoph Strauch
Summary: This study proposes a rapid pupillometry-based method to assess attention deficits in visuospatial neglect. The pupil light response is used to reveal biases in attentional allocation. The results show that pupillometry can be used to detect visual and attentional deficits, and it provides more precise and objective measurements compared to traditional neuropsychological tests.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Dennis Golm, Sagari Sarkar, Nuria K. Mackes, Graeme Fairchild, Mitul A. Mehta, Michael Rutter, Edmund J. Sonuga-Barke
Summary: The study showed that early institutional deprivation was associated with neuropsychological deficits in adulthood, including problems with prospective memory, decision-making, and emotion recognition. There was a positive correlation between ADHD and ASD symptoms, with ADHD symptoms being more strongly associated with deficits in IQ, prospective memory, proactive inhibition, decision-making, and emotion recognition. ASD symptoms were not independently associated with neuropsychological deficits when considering their overlap with ADHD symptoms.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jin-Hyuck Park
Summary: This study investigated the effects of robot-assisted hand training on hemispatial neglect in older patients with chronic stroke. The results showed that the robot-assisted training group had greater improvements in the line bisection test, Albert test, and CBS compared to the control group.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sonja Stojanovski, Shannon E. Scratch, Benjamin T. Dunkley, Russell Schachar, Anne L. Wheeler
Summary: This review summarizes existing studies on new attention problems and ADHD following TBI in children, highlighting important risk factors and comorbidities. Research suggests that children with more severe injuries, early childhood injuries, or preinjury adaptive functioning problems, as well as both sexes, appear to be equally vulnerable to developing new ADHD and attention issues. Further research is needed to understand if mild TBIs increase risk and what brain abnormalities are associated with these problems.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Brian Bruya, Yi-Yuan Tang
Summary: Attention is crucial to learning, performance, relationships, health, and daily life, but laboratory studies have only scratched the surface. By introducing the concept of fluid attention, we have expanded the traditional voluntary-involuntary attention dichotomy, revealing important insights in neurophysiology and clinical diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ilaria Sani, Heiko Stemmann, Bradley Caron, Daniel Bullock, Torsten Stemmler, Manfred Fahle, Franco Pestilli, Winrich A. Freiwald
Summary: Endogenous attention is controlled by dorsal fronto-parietal brain areas, but can also be modulated by a control attention area located in the temporal lobe. This area is functionally distinct and connected to parietal and frontal attentional regions, suggesting a different organizing principle for cognitive control.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Deborah J. Watkins, John D. Meeker, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, Brisa N. Sanchez, Lourdes Schnaas, Karen E. Peterson, Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo
Summary: Research suggests that in utero phthalate exposure may have adverse effects on attention, particularly in adolescence. Future research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of in utero phthalate exposure on attention and ADHD in adolescence, as well as to identify potential mechanisms involved.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Dara E. Babinski, Erika F. H. Saunders, Fan He, Duanping Liao, Amanda M. Pearl, Daniel A. Waschbusch
Summary: This study examined the diagnostic indicators, clinical characteristics, and functional impairment associated with adult ADHD using electronic medical records and self-report measures. The results showed a significant difference in prevalence of ADHD between self-report screening and medical records. ADHD was found to contribute to functional impairment even when controlling for other psychiatric comorbidities.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Joris A. Elshout, Tanja C. W. Nijboer, Stefan Van der Stigchel
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the pre-saccadic shift of attention in neglect patients and found an imbalance in discrimination performance between the two hemifields, suggesting that attention and eye movements are both unique impairments of neglect patients. The impaired pre-saccadic shift of attention may be a key issue in neglect and could underlie other spatial and non-spatial deficits commonly reported in neglect patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Simeon M. Wong, Olivia N. Arski, Nebras M. Warsi, Elizabeth W. Pang, Elizabeth Kerr, Mary Lou Smith, Benjamin T. Dunkley, Ayako Ochi, Hiroshi Otsubo, Roy Sharma, Puneet Jain, Elizabeth Donner, O. Carter Snead, George M. Ibrahim
Summary: This study demonstrates that selective attention in children during a set-shifting task is dependent on theta-band phase resetting, with the preferred theta phase angle predicting reaction time. Enhanced oscillatory coupling between ACC and the dorsal attention network, along with decoupling from the default mode network, was observed during task performance. When transient focal epileptic activity occurs, impairments in phase resetting and connectivity changes result in prolonged reaction times.
Review
Psychology, Developmental
Matthew Bisset, Louise E. E. Brown, Sampada Bhide, Pooja Patel, Nardia Zendarski, David Coghill, Leanne Payne, Mark A. A. Bellgrove, Christel M. Middeldorp, Emma Sciberras
Summary: Understanding the unmet needs of healthcare consumers with ADHD is crucial for improving services, education, and research. This review examined consumer-identified needs related to ADHD clinical care or research priorities. The results revealed significant gaps in treatment beyond medication, ADHD education/training, access to clinical services and support, school accommodations, and ongoing research on treatment efficacy.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ditte Demontis, G. Bragi Walters, Georgios Athanasiadis, Raymond Walters, Karen Therrien, Trine Tollerup Nielsen, Leila Farajzadeh, Georgios Voloudakis, Jaroslav Bendl, Biau Zeng, Wen Zhang, Jakob Grove, Thomas D. Als, Jinjie Duan, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Marie Baekved-Hansen, Olafur O. Gudmundsson, Sigurdur H. Magnusson, Gisli Baldursson, Katrin Davidsdottir, Gyda S. Haraldsdottir, Esben Agerbo, Gabriel E. Hoffman, Soren Dalsgaard, Joanna Martin, Marta Ribases, Dorret Boomsma, Maria Soler Artigas, Nina Roth Mota, Daniel Howrigan, Sarah E. Medland, Tetyana Zayats, Veera M. Rajagopal, Merete Nordentoft, Ole Mors, David M. Hougaard, Preben Bo Mortensen, Mark J. Daly, Stephen Faraone, Hreinn Stefansson, Panos Roussos, Barbara Franke, Thomas Werge, Benjamin M. Neale, Kari Stefansson, Anders D. Borglum
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on ADHD and identified 27 significant genetic loci associated with ADHD. They also found that these loci were enriched with genes involved in early brain development. Moreover, they discovered an increased load of rare protein-truncating variants in ADHD, implicating SORCS3 as a potential gene involved in ADHD.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Margaret Jane Moore, Elise Milosevich, Jason B. Mattingley, Nele Demeyere
Summary: This project presents a systematic review of 34 lesion-mapping studies on the anatomical correlates of neglect. The findings suggest that egocentric and allocentric neglect represent anatomically dissociable conditions, and the anatomy of these conditions may vary across hemispheres. The studies comparing acute versus chronic neglect and peripersonal/extrapersonal neglect found distinct lesion loci and inconsistent results regarding anatomical dissociation. The quality and generalizability of the included studies varied, highlighting the need for future high-quality research.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Reuben Rideaux, Rebecca K. West, Dragan Rangelov, Jason B. Mattingley
Summary: A canonical feature of sensory systems is that they adapt to prolonged or repeated inputs, suggesting the brain encodes the temporal context in which stimuli are embedded. The study found that both fatigue and sharpening mechanisms contribute to the tilt aftereffect, but they operate at different points in the sensory processing cascade to produce qualitatively distinct outcomes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
R. Randeniya, I. Vilares, J. B. Mattingley, M. I. Garrido
Summary: Sensory perceptual alterations in autism may result from differences in sensory observation or in forming models of the environment, leading to increased bottom-up information flow relative to top-down control. A study using fMRI during a decision-under-uncertainty paradigm found no differences in task performance and representations of prior and likelihood between autistic individuals and neurotypicals. However, there were significant group differences in overall task activity, with autistic individuals showing increased activation in certain brain regions. Effective connectivity analysis revealed increased activity within sensory regions and increased bottom-up connectivity in autism. These findings support the hypothesis of increased bottom-up information flow during sensory learning tasks in autism.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Tamara May, Edwina Birch, Karina Chaves, Noel Cranswick, Evelyn Culnane, Jane Delaney, Maddi Derrick, Valsamma Eapen, Chantele Edlington, Daryl Efron, Tatjana Ewais, Ingrid Garner, Michael Gathercole, Karuppiah Jagadheesan, Laura Jobson, John Kramer, Martha Mack, Marie Misso, Cammi Murrup-Stewart, Evan Savage, Emma Sciberras, Bruce Singh, Renee Testa, Lisa Vale, Alyssa Weirman, Edward Petch, Katrina Williams, Mark Bellgrove
Summary: This article provides an overview of the development and recommendations from the Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for ADHD. The guideline aims to promote accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment, integrating evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. It includes 113 clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and adults, covering identification, screening, diagnosis, and treatment options. Successful implementation of the guideline is anticipated to improve health outcomes for the ADHD population in Australia.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dylan Curtin, Eleanor M. Taylor, Mark A. Bellgrove, Trevor T. -J. Chong, James P. Coxon
Summary: This study found that a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist can eliminate the changes in excitatory and inhibitory cortical activity induced by exercise, which has important implications for prescribing exercise in dopaminergic dysfunction diseases.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Ainsley Summerton, Susannah T. Bellows, Elizabeth M. Westrupp, Mark A. Stokes, David Coghill, Mark A. Bellgrove, Delyse Hutchinson, Stephen P. Becker, Glenn Melvin, Jon Quach, Daryl Efron, Argyris Stringaris, Christel M. Middeldorp, Tobias Banaschewski, Emma Sciberras
Summary: This study investigates the longitudinal associations between COVID-19 induced stress, ADHD symptoms, oppositional symptoms, and mental health outcomes in children with ADHD. The results show that baseline COVID-19 stress is associated with increased ADHD symptom severity and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms at 12-months. However, the associations between baseline COVID-19 stress and oppositional symptoms and negative affect at 12-months are attenuated when adjusting for baseline symptoms.
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andre Zugman, Luz Maria Alliende, Vicente Medel, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Jakob Seidlitz, Grace Ringlein, Celso Arango, Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Laila Asmal, Mark Bellgrove, Vivek Benegal, Miquel Bernardo, Pablo Billeke, Jorge Bosch-Bayard, Rodrigo Bressan, Geraldo F. Busatto, Mariana N. Castro, Tiffany Chaim-Avancini, Albert Compte, Monise Costanzi, Leticia Czepielewski, Paola Dazzan, Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval, Marta Di Forti, Covadonga M. Diaz-Caneja, Ana Maria Diaz-Zuluaga, Stefan Du Plessis, Fabio L. S. Duran, Sol Fittipaldi, Alex Fornito, Nelson B. Freimer, Ary Gadelha, Clarissa S. Gama, Ranjini Garani, Clemente Garcia-Rizo, Cecilia Gonzalez Campo, Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama, Salvador Guinjoan, Bharath Holla, Agustin Ibanez, Daniza Ivanovic, Andrea Jackowski, Pablo Leon-Ortiz, Christine Lochner, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Hilmar Luckhoff, Raffael Massuda, Philip McGuire, Jun Miyataaaa, Romina Mizrahi, Robin Murray, Aysegul Ozerdem, Pedro M. Pan, Mara Parellada, Lebogan Phahladira, Juan P. Ramirez-Mahalu, Ramiro Reckziegel, Tiago Reis Marques, Francisco Reyes-Madrigal, Annerine Roos, Pedro Rosa, Giovanni Salum, Freda Scheffler, Gunter Schumann, Mauricio Serpa, Dan J. Stein, Angeles Tepper, Jeggan Tiego, Tsukasa Ueno, Juan Undurraga, Eduardo A. Undurrag, Pedro Valdes-Sosaooo, Isabel Valliy, Mirta Villarrealu, Toby T. Winton-Brownrrr, Nefize Yalin, Francisco Zamorano, Marcus V. Zanetti, Anderson M. Winkler, Daniel S. Pine, Sara Evans-Lacko, Nicolas A. Crossley
Summary: Gender inequality has been linked to higher mental health risks and lower academic achievement for women globally. Differences in brain structure between men and women may be partially explained by unequal exposure to harsher conditions in gender-unequal countries, leading to worse outcomes for women. A meta-analysis of MRI scans from 139 samples across 29 countries revealed that women in gender-equal countries had no differences or even thicker cortical regions, while those in countries with greater gender inequality had thinner cortices. These findings highlight the potential negative impact of gender inequality on women's brains and the need for policies based on neuroscience for gender equality.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Jeggan Tiego, Kate Thompson, Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Ziarih Hawi, Amy Finlay, Kristina Sabaroedin, Beth Johnson, Mark A. Bellgrove, Alex Fornito
Summary: This study proposes a new approach to investigate the risk for developing schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology by splitting positive and negative schizotypy into more specific subdimensions. The results indicate that genetic risk is specifically associated with delusional experiences and reduced social interest and engagement, rather than with more general schizotypy factors.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Marianne Oldehinkel, Jeggan Tiego, Kristina Sabaroedin, Sidhant Chopra, Shona M. Francey, Brian O'Donoghue, Vanessa Cropley, Barnaby Nelson, Jessica Graham, Lara Baldwin, Hok Pan Yuen, Kelly Allott, Mario Alvarez-Jimenez, Susy Harrigan, Christos Pantelis, Stephen J. Wood, Patrick McGorry, Mark A. Bellgrove, Alex Fornito
Summary: Psychotic illness and subclinical psychosis-like experiences are associated with dysfunction in the cortico-striatal system. This study reveals the presence of multiple overlapping functional connectivity modes in the striatum and shows that these modes are different in patients compared to controls. The findings suggest that variations in these modes may serve as neurobiological markers across the psychosis continuum.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Trevor T. -J. Chong, Erika Fortunato, Mark A. Bellgrove
Summary: This study found that individuals with ADHD have lower motivation in both cognitive and physical domains, and amphetamine-based medication can increase their motivation. The results also showed that amphetamine treatment effectively restores motivation in ADHD individuals, bringing it to levels similar to healthy controls. These findings provide clear evidence for increased sensitivity to effort in individuals with ADHD and demonstrate the domain-general role of catecholamines in motivating effortful behavior.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Patrick Hawker, Jessica Bellamy, Catherine Mchugh, Tsz Ying Wong, Katrina Williams, Amanda Wood, Vicki Anderson, Bruce J. Tonge, Philip Ward, Emma Sciberras, Mark A. Bellgrove, Tim Silk, Ping- Lin, Valsamma Eapen
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for managing the adverse effects of antipsychotic medication on physical health in children and adolescents. The researchers will conduct a systematic review of published randomized controlled trials and analyze the data quantitatively or qualitatively.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Margaret Jane Moore, Luke Hearne, Nele Demeyere, Jason B. Mattingley
Summary: Visuospatial neglect is a common post-stroke cognitive impairment. This study found anatomical differences between right and left egocentric neglect, suggesting damage to a hemispherically asymmetric attention network. Additionally, both egocentric and allocentric neglect were associated with damage across the dorsal and ventral attention networks, challenging the commonly asserted dichotomy between these networks.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Emily J. A-Izzeddin, Jason B. Mattingley, William J. Harrison
Summary: Humans have well-documented priors for features in nature that guide visual perception. Despite the variability of visual features between scenes, these priors do not significantly challenge visuo-cognitive function and therefore require the use of context-specific information. This study investigates the trade-off between longer-term priors and immediate contextual information in perceptual inference, showing that observers' performance can be approximated by a model that uses priors for low-level image statistics.