Article
Neurosciences
Benton S. Purnell, Mariana Alves, Detlev Boison
Summary: The epilepsies are a group of diseases characterized by spontaneous seizures and associated comorbidities, but current understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited. Focusing on neurons has led to the development of anti-seizure medications, but not all aspects of seizure activity can be explained. The role of astrocytes, another type of brain cell, and their implications in epilepsy are explored in this review.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stefania Ceruti
Summary: Progress in pain research has focused on the role of glial cells and purinergic receptors in pain modulation. Understanding the purinergic system's involvement in pain conditions may lead to the development of new and effective analgesics.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Paul G. Anastasiades, Luisa De Vivo, Michele Bellesi, Matt W. Jones
Summary: Modern life poses threats to sleep, especially during adolescence where sleep disruption may have a lasting impact on the development of the prefrontal cortex. Acknowledging the contribution of adolescent sleep to brain development and mental health is important.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Deiziane V. S. Costa, Jae H. Shin, Sophia M. Goldbeck, David T. Bolick, Flavio S. Mesquita, Andrea V. Loureiro, Monica J. Rodrigues-Jesus, Gerly A. C. Brito, Cirle A. Warren
Summary: Increased risk of intestinal dysfunction has been reported in patients after Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Enteric glial cells (EGCs), a component of the enteric nervous system (ENS), contribute to gut homeostasis. Previous studies showed that adenosine receptors, A2A and A2B, modulate inflammation during CDI.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yoshiteru Shimoda, Kaoru Beppu, Yoko Ikoma, Yosuke M. Morizawa, Satoshi Zuguchi, Utaro Hino, Ryutaro Yano, Yuki Sugiura, Satoru Moritoh, Yugo Fukazawa, Makoto Suematsu, Hajime Mushiake, Nobukazu Nakasato, Masaki Iwasaki, Kenji F. Tanaka, Teiji Tominaga, Ko Matsui
Summary: This study found that optogenetic neuronal stimulation can induce hyperexcitability in the rat brain, but continued stimulation can lead to a state resistant to seizures induction. Moderate astrocyte activation was associated with the acquisition of resilience in the brain.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wei-Xiang Ma, Ping-Chuan Yuan, Hui Zhang, Ling-Xi Kong, Michael Lazarus, Wei-Min Qu, Yi-Qun Wang, Zhi-Li Huang
Summary: Sleep, torpor, and hibernation are distinct hypometabolic states with similar physiological features. Adenosine and its receptors, known as P1 receptors, appear to play a role in initiating and maintaining these states. This review investigates the neurobiological mechanisms of adenosine and P1 receptors in sleep, torpor, and hibernation, which could have implications for sleep disorders, therapeutic hypothermia, and aerospace medicine.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Alice Brandli, Stefanie Dudczig, Peter D. Currie, Patricia R. Jusuf
Summary: Research on retinal regeneration has explored the potential of Muller glia cells in fish and mammals as a promising treatment for visual impairment caused by disease and injury. Using adenosine triphosphate has been shown to induce regeneration of Muller glia cells in mammals.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
E. Theresa Bjorness, W. Robert Greene
Summary: Dopamine, orexin, and adenosine systems play dual roles in reward and sleep/arousal. Drug abuse may influence both reward and sleep/arousal mechanisms. Cocaine can cause acute sleep loss and abnormal recovery patterns under chronic exposure conditions. Experimentally induced sleep disturbance may increase cocaine seeking behavior.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Annie H. Roliz, Sanjeev Kothare
Summary: This review covers the mutual interactions between sleep and epilepsy, mechanisms of epileptogenesis in sleep, the relationship between sleep apnea and epilepsy, and potential strategies to treat seizures. Recent studies have emphasized the role of functional network systems underlying epileptiform activation in sleep in various epilepsy syndromes, and new treatment approaches including chronotherapy and seizure monitoring devices are being explored. Adenosine kinase and orexin receptor antagonists are promising new drug targets for seizure treatment.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Yongjun Li, Paula Haynes, Shirley L. Zhang, Zhifeng Yue, Amita Sehgal
Summary: Steroid hormones, specifically ecdysone, act as long-range signals that enter the brain more at night through nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) and regulate sleep in Drosophila. The ecdysone receptor (EcR) and its downstream NHR Eip75B (E75) were found to function in glia to affect the rhythm and amount of sleep. This suggests that ecdysone acts as a systemic secreted factor that modulates sleep by stimulating lipid metabolism in cortex glia.
Article
Neurosciences
Lucyna Walkowicz, Wojciech Krzeptowski, Ewelina Krzeptowska, Karolina Warzecha, Joanna Salek, Jolanta Gorska-Andrzejak, Elzbieta Pyza
Summary: DmMANF in Drosophila affects various functions in the brain, including activity and sleep, regulation of clock neurons, and neuronal activity, ultimately leading to changes in behavior.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Philip C. Smith, Derrick J. Phillips, Ana Pocivavsek, Carissa A. Byrd, Shaun S. Viechweg, Brian Hampton, Jessica A. Mong
Summary: The study investigated the effects of estradiol (E2) on sleep, finding that E2 decreases homeostatic sleep need and influences adenosine signaling in the MnPO. These results suggest that E2 may attenuate the local effects of A(2A) receptors in the MnPO, potentially explaining estrogenic suppression of sleep behavior and changes in homeostatic sleep need.
Article
Biology
Rachel K. Rowe, Tabitha R. F. Green, Katherine R. Giordano, J. Bryce Ortiz, Sean M. Murphy, Mark R. Opp
Summary: Microglia are found to play a critical role in regulating sleep after an immune challenge. Depletion of microglia results in increased sleep following an inflammatory injection, while repopulation of microglia leads to changes in sleep patterns. This study suggests that microglia are necessary for sleep regulation after inflammation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoshitake Baba, Takanobu Takihara, Noritaka Okamura
Summary: Energy drinks with excessive caffeine intake have a negative effect on sleep, while green tea, which contains both caffeine and theanine, can improve sleep quality. This study found that theanine can reduce the negative effects of caffeine on sleep by suppressing caffeine-induced wake after sleep onset (WASO) time. However, there were no significant differences in sleep latency or the number of WASOs when comparing theanine, caffeine, or caffeine and theanine combined to a placebo.
Article
Neurosciences
In-Sun Choi, Jae-Hong Kim, Ji-Young Jeong, Maan-Gee Lee, Kyoungho Suk, Il-Sung Jang
Summary: This study reveals a novel mechanism involving astrocyte-neuron interactions in sleep regulation, where ATP derived from astrocytes is converted into adenosine by TNAP. Adenosine inhibits non-sleep-promoting neurons and excites sleep-promoting neurons, thereby affecting sleep-wake cycle. This finding has important implications for understanding the physiological basis of sleep regulation.
