Article
Immunology
Takeshi Hatachi, Nobuaki Michihata, Yu Inata, Muneyuki Takeuchi, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, Hideo Yasunaga
Summary: This study investigated early-phase unfavorable prognostic factors among children with acute encephalitis/encephalopathy (AE) using a nationwide database, identifying age, congenital anomalies, epilepsy, and level of consciousness as significant factors influencing outcomes. Conversely, herpes simplex virus infection and influenza virus infection were associated with favorable outcomes.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Guy Handley, Stephanie Pankow, Jennifer Dien Bard, Rebecca Yee, Masayuki Nigo, Rodrigo Hasbun
Summary: CMV meningoencephalitis occurs most commonly in patients with HIV, with encephalitis occurring more frequently than meningitis. Clinical and laboratory findings differ compared to other viral etiologies, supporting consideration of CMV in the differential diagnosis of patients with meningoencephalitis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Fabricio Sevilla-Acosta, Alfonso Gutierrez-Mata, Adriana Yock-Corrales, Sixto Bogantes-Ledezma, Cristian Perez-Corrales, Kattia Camacho-Badilla
Summary: Limited data on childhood encephalitis in Latin America prompted a study in Costa Rica to examine clinical presentation, etiology, and outcomes in pediatric patients. The study revealed diverse etiologies, with enterovirus and Streptococcus pneumoniae being common culprits and a significant morbidity and mortality rate associated with acute encephalitis. Early and aggressive treatment with antivirals, antibiotics, and anticerebral edema measures was found to be crucial for improving outcomes in children with acute encephalitis.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Daiva Radzisauskiene, Monika Vitkauskaite, Karolina Zvinyte, Ruta Mameniskiene
Summary: The study described a case series of influenza A-associated neurological complications, with a low incidence rate of influenza-associated neurological complications in hospitalized patients in 2019 at 1.9%. The findings suggest that during influenza epidemics, patients with unexplained neurological symptoms resembling aseptic and septic meningitis/encephalitis should be tested for influenza virus.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hannah K. Hopkins, Elizabeth M. Traverse, Kelli L. Barr
Summary: Dengue virus (DENV) infection can lead to parkinsonism, characterized by symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, instability, and rigidity. Research has found that clinically diagnosed DENV parkinsonism patients are more likely to be male and exhibit expressionless face, speech issues, and lymphocytosis. Suspected cases are more likely to be diagnosed with encephalitis and exhibit tremors, thrombocytopenia, and low hemoglobin.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alene Geteneh, Tesfaye Kassa, Derbie Alemu, Mulugeta Kiros, Henok Andualem, Admasu Tenna, Abebech Tesfaye, Dawit Hailu Alemayehu, Adane Mihret, Rawleigh Howe, Andargachew Mulu, Wude Mihret
Summary: This study in Ethiopia found a significant presence of human enteroviruses (HEVs) among patients diagnosed with presumptive pyogenic meningitis at university hospitals, with viral-bacterial co-infections detected in 36.4% of confirmed cases. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was not detected in any of the analyzed samples. The majority of HEVs-positive patients were aged <= 19 years old.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Gwang-Jun Choi, Ji Young Park, Joon-Sik Choi, Sae Rom Choi, Dongsub Kim, Jun Hwa Lee, Young-Jong Woo, Jeehun Lee, Yae-Jean Kim
Summary: The study revealed that the frequency of influenza-associated neurologic complications in Korean children is not low, with most patients able to fully recover. The most common complication is simple febrile convulsion.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Pelle Trier Petersen, Jacob Bodilsen, Micha Phill Gronholm Jepsen, Lykke Larsen, Merete Storgaard, Birgitte Ronde Hansen, Jannik Helweg-Larsen, Lothar Wiese, Hans Rudolf Luttichau, Christian Ostergaard Andersen, Henrik Nielsen, Christian Thomas Brandt
Summary: In a nationwide study of 1066 Danish adults with viral meningitis, incomplete recovery persists in one in five patients 30 days after discharge. Female patients in particular have an increased risk of an unfavourable outcome, whereas the type of virus is not associated with the prognosis.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kunwer Abhishek Ary, Harpreet Singh, Vikas Suri, Kusum Sharma, Manisha Biswal, Mini Singh, Chirag Ahuja, Parampreet Kharbanda, Navneet Sharma, Ashish Bhalla
Summary: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a clinical condition characterized by altered mental status occurring after or along with a short febrile illness. Infections are the predominant cause of AES, and this study aimed to analyze the etiology, clinical features, and predictors of mortality in patients with AES. The results showed that tubercular meningitis is the main cause of AES in developing countries, with scrub and dengue encephalitis emerging as important causes. The strongest predictors of mortality are low Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and undiagnosed cases of AES.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tsukasa Tanaka, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Yusuke Ishida, Kazumi Tomioka, Masahiro Nishiyama, Daisaku Toyoshima, Azusa Maruyama, Hiroki Takeda, Hiroshi Kurosawa, Ryojiro Tanaka, Kandai Nozu, Hiroaki Nagase
Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 317 children with complex febrile seizures (CFS) in a 15-year consecutive cohort. The results showed that most CFS episodes could be terminated with two or fewer anticonvulsants within 30.5 minutes. The median time for consciousness recovery was 175 minutes. Additionally, the distribution of certain laboratory values was clarified.
Article
Pediatrics
Arthur Edridge, Ruth Namazzi, Andrew Tebulo, Anan Mfizi, Martin Deijs, Sylvie Koekkoek, Bob de Wever, Arie van der Ende, Jeanine Umiwana, Menno D. de Jong, Judith Jans, Nanda Verhoeven-Duif, Maarten Titulaer, Clara van Karnebeek, Karl Seydel, Terrie Taylor, Brenda Asiimwe-Kateera, Lia van der Hoek, Jean-Claude Kabayiza, Macpherson Mallewa, Richard Idro, Michael Boele van Hensbroek, Job B. M. van Woensel
Summary: This study aims to determine if viral, bacterial, metabolic, and autoimmune diseases are not detected by conventional diagnostics in children with severe acute encephalopathy in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed that viral and bacterial CNS infections and IMDs are common causes of severe acute encephalopathy in children in Uganda, Malawi, and Rwanda that are overlooked by conventional diagnostics and are associated with poor outcome of disease. Hence, improving diagnostic capacity may increase the rate of diagnosis and potentially improve the disease outcome.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Li-Ping Wang, Yang Yuan, Ying-Le Liu, Qing-Bin Lu, Lu-Sha Shi, Xiang Ren, Shi-Xia Zhou, Hai-Yang Zhang, Xiao-Ai Zhang, Xin Wang, Yi-Fei Wang, Sheng-Hong Lin, Cui-Hong Zhang, Meng-Jie Geng, Jun Li, Shi-Wen Zhao, Zhi-Gang Yi, Xiao Chen, Zuo-Sen Yang, Lei Meng, Xin-Hua Wang, Ai-Li Cui, Sheng-Jie Lai, Meng-Yang Liu, Yu-Liang Zhu, Wen-Bo Xu, Yu Chen, Zheng-Hong Yuan, Meng-Feng Li, Liu-Yu Huang, Huai-Qi Jing, Zhong-Jie Li, Wei Liu, Li-Qun Fang, Jian-Guo Wu, Simon Hay, Wei-Zhong Yang, George F. Gao
Summary: This study conducted nationwide surveillance of acute meningitis or encephalitis (AME) in China and identified the predominant pathogens. The study found regional and age-specific differences in the pathogen spectrum, which can contribute to the more effective diagnosis and application of prevention and control measures.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Celine Aerts, Shannon Leahy, Humberto Mucasse, Sanjay Lala, Justina Bramugy, Cally J. Tann, Shabir A. Madhi, Azucena Bardaji, Quique Bassat, Ziyaad Dangor, Joy E. Lawn, Mark Jit, Simon R. Procter
Summary: This study investigated the acute costs of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa and found significant expenses associated with these conditions. The findings will contribute to the economic evaluations of interventions aiming to prevent neonatal invasive bacterial infections.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Louise-Caroline Buettner, Michael Schroth
Summary: Febrile seizures in young children are often triggered by infection and resolve quickly. Prompt presentation to a pediatric department is necessary. Central nervous system diseases in childhood must be treated promptly. A combination of antiviral and antibacterial treatment may be started initially, along with lumbar puncture unless contraindicated. Meningococcal sepsis is a severe clinical condition characterized by high fever, chills, and consciousness disorders, with petechiae as an early sign. Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, a severe complication of acute bacterial meningitis, has a high lethality rate. The pediatric assessment triangle and the ABCDE algorithm are useful for identifying critically ill children.
MEDIZINISCHE KLINIK-INTENSIVMEDIZIN UND NOTFALLMEDIZIN
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea L. Conroy, Michael T. Hawkes, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Ivan Mufumba, Michelle C. Starr, Kathleen Zhong, Sophie Namasopo, Chandy C. John, Robert O. Opoka, Kevin C. Kain
Summary: This study evaluates the association between blackwater fever (BWF) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with acute febrile illness. The results show that a history of BWF is associated with an increased risk of AKI, and AKI is associated with immune and endothelial activation, while BWF is mainly associated with endothelial activation. Severe AKI is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death. These findings indicate the importance of recognizing and diagnosing AKI in children with febrile illness and implementing kidney-protective measures early to reduce disease progression and in-hospital mortality in this high-risk group.