Journal
NEUROLOGY
Volume 79, Issue 4, Pages 365-370Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318260cd7e
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Funding
- Erasmus Medical Center
- Erasmus University Rotterdam
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
- Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE)
- Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
- Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports
- European Commission (DG XII)
- Municipality of Rotterdam
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [904-61-155]
- Alzheimer Nederland grant [V-2001-015]
- Lijf en Leven, Krimpen a/d Lek
- MD Fonds, Utrecht
- Oogfonds Nederland, Utrecht
- Rotterdamse Vereniging voor Blindenbelangen, Rotterdam
- OOG, The Hague
- Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging ter Voorkoming van Blindheid (ANVVB), Doorn
- Lameris Ootech BV, Nieuwegein
- Topcon Europe BV, Capelle aan de IJssel
- Heidelberg Engineering, Dossenheim, Germany
- Servier
- Neurovascular Research Fund Rotterdam
- Neurovascular Research Fund Rotterdam.
- LpPLA2 summit
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative for the Rotterdam Study
- Ministry of Health
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [948-00-010, 918-46-615]
- NIH [1-R01-AG033193-01]
- Dutch Cancer Society
- Netherlands Heart Foundation
- Netherlands Brain Foundation
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Objective: To investigate the relation between retinopathy and the risk of dementia. Methods: We investigated the associations between retinopathy and dementia and its subtypes Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia both cross-sectionally and prospectively in the Rotterdam Study, a large population-based cohort study. Digitized retinal images were available for 195 participants with prevalent dementia and 6,078 participants without dementia at baseline (1990-1993). Participants were reexamined in 1993-1994, 1997-1999, and 2002-2004 and were continuously monitored for development of dementia until January 1, 2007. Retinopathy was graded on fundus photographs and was defined as the presence of one or more dot/blot hemorrhages, microaneurysms, cotton wool spots, or evidence of laser treatment for retinopathy. Results: Retinopathy was associated with prevalent dementia (age and sex-adjusted odds ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-3.09). Results were similar for AD and vascular dementia. During a mean follow-up of 11.4 years, 735 participants developed incident dementia, of whom 583 had AD and 80 had vascular dementia. There was no association of retinopathy at baseline with the risk of incident dementia during follow-up (age-and sex-adjusted hazard ratio 1.15, 95% CI 0.88-1.48) or the risk of incident AD or vascular dementia. Conclusions: Retinopathy is more prevalent in persons with dementia but is not associated with an increased risk of dementia over time. Neurology (R) 2012;79:365-370
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