Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Teresa Salvatore, Raffaele Galiero, Alfredo Caturano, Erica Vetrano, Giuseppe Loffredo, Luca Rinaldi, Christian Catalini, Klodian Gjeloshi, Gaetana Albanese, Anna Di Martino, Giovanni Docimo, Celestino Sardu, Raffaele Marfella, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
Summary: Diabetic patients are often affected by coronary microvascular dysfunction, a complex condition whose pathogenesis involves hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. This dysfunction contributes to cardiac events and heart failure, and no specific treatment exists. However, certain antidiabetic drugs may have protective effects.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariarita Laforgia, Carmelo Laface, Concetta Calabro, Simona Ferraiuolo, Valentina Ungaro, Domenico Tricarico, Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta, Patrizia Nardulli, Girolamo Ranieri
Summary: Peripheral neurologic complications are common during cancer treatment, often resulting in dose reduction, treatment delays, and decreased quality of life. Recognizing symptoms and collaboration between health professionals are crucial for managing this issue effectively.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Wyatt P. Bensken, Ivan Sanchez Fernandez
Summary: One in four people in the United States who take prescription drugs face difficulties affording them, including patients with epilepsy. Health plans often restrict coverage for newer antiseizure medications, leading to delays in treatment. Neurologists can address this issue by understanding the causes and finding actionable solutions.
Review
Cell Biology
Runze Wang, Yuerong Xu, Yexian Fang, Chiyao Wang, Yugang Xue, Fangfang Wang, Jin Cheng, He Ren, Jie Wang, Wangang Guo, Li Liu, Mingming Zhang
Summary: Sepsis is a serious complication after infection, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and potentially death in critically ill patients. Research on sepsis cardiomyopathy may reduce mortality rates and provide clinical benefits.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Huiting Yang, Xiaohong Gu, Huihui Chen, Qingfei Zeng, Zhigang Mao, You Ge
Summary: This study exposed juvenile zebrafish to sub-lethal concentrations of antiepileptic drugs and measured the effects on oxidative stress and neurotoxicity markers. The results showed that these drugs had potential toxic effects on fish and caused a series of changes in the brain and liver. Additionally, brain transcriptomics and liver metabolomics analysis revealed the mechanisms of action of these drugs in fish.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yulia Aleksandrova, Margarita Neganova
Summary: The relationship between oncological pathologies and neurodegenerative disorders is complex and has become a topic of interest among researchers. Recent scientific evidence suggests that various factors and processes contribute to the development of these diseases, revealing an intriguing connection between oncology and neurodegeneration. This review explores the links between oxidative stress, epigenetic dysregulation, and metabolic dysfunction in detail, and discusses the potential therapeutic approaches in current research. This comprehensive analysis helps in the development of advanced diagnostic tools and innovative pharmacological strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Itzel Jatziri Contreras-Garcia, Noemi Cardenas-Rodriguez, Antonio Romo-Mancillas, Cindy Bandala, Sergio R. Zamudio, Saul Gomez-Manzo, Beatriz Hernandez-Ochoa, Julieta Griselda Mendoza-Torreblanca, Luz Adriana Pichardo-Macias
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of levetiracetam, discussing its clinical uses, structural properties, therapeutic targets, and various molecular, genetic, and systemic action mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a candidate for drug repurposing.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Roberta Roberti, Carmen De Caro, Luigi Francesco Iannone, Gaetano Zaccara, Simona Lattanzi, Emilio Russo
Summary: Cenobamate is a promising antiseizure medication for focal onset seizures in adults, with a unique mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic profile. Further clinical studies are needed to fully understand its clinical characteristics and potential interactions with other drugs.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Alexandros Hadjilaou, Johannes Brandi, Mathias Riehn, Manuel A. Friese, Thomas Jacobs
Summary: Malaria is a prevalent mosquito-borne disease, and cerebral malaria is a life-threatening complication that can result in death or neurocognitive impairment. There is a critical need to develop preventive, adjunctive, and neuroprotective treatments for cerebral malaria.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shailly Mehrotra, Atul Bhattaram, Kevin Krudys, Michael Bewernitz, Ramana Uppoor, Mehul Mehta, Tao Liu, Philip Sheridan, Norman Hershkowitz, Nicholas Kozauer, Eric Bastings, Billy Dunn, Angela Yuxin Men
Summary: The US FDA has concluded that drugs approved for treating partial onset seizures in adults can be applied to pediatric patients aged one month and older, eliminating the need for independent efficacy trials. This study analyzes dosing, pharmacokinetic, exposure-response, and clinical data from eight approved drugs to support the extrapolation of efficacy in pediatric patients with partial onset seizures. The results show that based on disease similarity, response to treatment, and exposure-response relationships, the extrapolation of efficacy in pediatric patients aged one month and above is justified.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Barbara Blaszczyk, Barbara Miziak, Ryszard Pluta, Stanislaw J. Czuczwar
Summary: An estimated 60 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy, and half of them are women. About one-third of women with epilepsy are in their childbearing age. The childbirth rate in women with epilepsy is 20-40% lower compared to the general population, partly due to lower numbers of these women in relationships. The reduced fertility in women with epilepsy may be linked to the disease itself, but it is mainly a result of the treatment provided. The antiepileptic drug valproate, which inhibits histone deacetylases, may affect the expression of genes associated with cell cycle control and cellular differentiation. The use of valproate is associated with a high risk of malformations, while other antiepileptic drugs may also trigger birth defects to a lesser extent. Valproate may induce autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by inhibiting histone deacetylases. Animal studies have shown a decrease in the expression of genes involved in social behavior and an increase in hippocampal cytokines. Valproate-induced oxidative stress may also contribute to neural tube defects. Interestingly, paternal exposure to valproate in mice may also trigger neurodevelopmental disorders, although this effect has not been confirmed in population-based cohort studies. To reduce the risk of congenital malformations and neurodevelopmental disorders, it is recommended to use a single antiepileptic drug at the optimal dose and supplement with folic acid. VPA should be avoided in women of childbearing age, especially during pregnancy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krzysztof Lukawski, Stanislaw J. Czuczwar
Summary: Approximately 70% of epilepsy patients can be successfully treated with antiepileptic drugs, but drug-resistant epilepsy is associated with poor quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain pharmacoresistance, and the search for newer AEDs or non-AEDs may provide efficacious drugs. Combinations of AEDs exerting synergy in preclinical and clinical studies could be important in managing drug-resistant epilepsy.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG METABOLISM & TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia Salvatori, Irene Marafini, Federica Laudisi, Giovanni Monteleone, Carmine Stolfi
Summary: H. pylori infection contributes to the onset and development of gastric cancer through the mechanisms of chronic inflammation and DNA damage to gastric epithelial cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Vera Braatz, Helena Martins Custodio, Costin Leu, Luigi Agro, Baihan Wang, Stella Calafato, Genevieve Rayner, Michael G. Doyle, Christian Hengsbach, Francesca Bisulli, Yvonne G. Weber, Antonio Gambardella, Norman Delanty, Gianpiero Cavalleri, Jacqueline Foong, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Samuel F. Berkovic, Elvira Bramon, Simona Balestrini, Sanjay M. Sisodiya
Summary: Objective psychoses, including postictal psychosis, significantly impact the burden and quality of life of people with epilepsy. This study found that postictal psychosis is more likely to occur in individuals with seizure clustering, recollected aura, and a family history of psychiatric disease. Furthermore, individuals with postictal psychosis exhibit a heightened genetic predisposition to schizophrenia, suggesting an interaction between disease biology and trait susceptibility in producing specific outcomes within a common disease.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Carla Carnovale, Cristiana Perrotta, Sara Baldelli, Dario Cattaneo, Cristina Montrasio, Silvia S. Barbieri, Giulio Pompilio, Chiara Vantaggiato, Emilio Clementi, Marco Pozzi
Summary: There is a bidirectional relationship between hypertension and psychiatric disorders, and the repurposing of antihypertensive drugs to treat mental disorders is being explored. However, the mechanisms and clinical consequences of the use of these drugs on neuropsychiatric functions are not yet fully understood. This article reviews the potential role of antihypertensive agents in psychiatric disorders, discusses their targets and mechanisms of action, and examines the extent to which specific drug classes/molecules may affect psychiatric symptoms.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Antonio Gambardella, Paolo Tinuper, Benedetto Acone, Paolo Bonanni, Giangennaro Coppola, Emilio Perucca
Summary: This study aimed to define optimal criteria for selecting the first add-on antiseizure medication. Through a Delphi procedure, consensus was reached on 36 statements, highlighting the importance of medication-related factors and individual characteristics in drug selection.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Bruno Charlier, Albino Coglianese, Francesca Felicia Operto, Federica De Rosa, Francesca Mensitieri, Giangennaro Coppola, Amelia Filippelli, Fabrizio Dal Piaz, Viviana Izzo
Summary: Therapeutic drug monitoring is crucial for improving the quality of antiepileptic drug use, especially in specific clinical situations. A novel method for measuring perampanel concentration in plasma samples was developed and compared with a commercially available method, showing the potential for clinical routine use as an alternative to LC-MS/MS.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bruno Charlier, Albino Coglianese, Federica De Rosa, Ugo de Grazia, Francesca Felicia Operto, Giangennaro Coppola, Amelia Filippelli, Fabrizio Dal Piaz, Viviana Izzo
Summary: Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder with various syndromes and treatments, including the use of antiseizure medications (ASMs) that act on synaptic levels. Monitoring ASMs levels in biological fluids is crucial to minimize risks, and measuring the free drug fraction is increasingly important for better correlation with pharmacological and toxicological effects. Validated methodologies exist for separating and quantifying different drug forms, but further validation studies are needed to connect pharmacokinetic monitoring with clinical outcomes in real-world settings.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Paolo Bonanni, Antonio Gambardella, Paolo Tinuper, Benedetto Acone, Emilio Perucca, Giangennaro Coppola
Summary: Consensus was reached on the suitability of Perampanel as a first add-on based on its positive impact on quality of life, efficacy, tolerability, ease of use, and unique mechanism of action. However, potential unfavorable factors include slow dose titration, behavioral adverse effects, lack of safety information during pregnancy, and limited access to plasma Perampanel levels.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Francesca Felicia Operto, Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino, Federica Pippa, Chiara Padovano, Valentina Vivenzio, Chiara Scuoppo, Ilaria Pistola, Giangennaro Coppola
Summary: The study identified a high presence of emotional and behavioral symptoms in children and adolescents with epilepsy, along with elevated levels of parental stress. Parental stress was significantly linked to emotional and behavioral problems in their children.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Correction
Clinical Neurology
Paolo Bonanni, Antonio Gambardella, Paolo Tinuper, Benedetto Acone, Emilio Perucca, Giangennaro Coppola
Article
Environmental Sciences
Francesca Felicia Operto, Giangennaro Coppola, Valentina Vivenzio, Chiara Scuoppo, Chiara Padovano, Valeria de Simone, Rosetta Rinaldi, Gilda Belfiore, Gianpiero Sica, Lucia Morcaldi, Floriana D'Onofrio, Miriam Olivieri, Serena Donadio, Michele Roccella, Marco Carotenuto, Andrea Viggiano, Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on emotional and behavioral symptoms in minors with neuropsychiatric disorders and parental stress. The findings showed that the pandemic led to an increase in symptoms and parental stress. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between parental stress and children's behavioral/emotional symptoms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bruno Charlier, Albino Coglianese, Francesca Felicia Operto, Giangennaro Coppola, Ugo de Grazia, Pierantonio Menna, Amelia Filippelli, Fabrizio Dal Piaz, Viviana Izzo
Summary: Cenobamate is a new antiseizure medication used to reduce uncontrolled partial-onset seizures in adult patients. Its mechanism of action involves inhibiting sodium channels and modulating the GABA ion channel. A reliable analytical method using UHPLC-MS/MS was developed to determine the dosage of Cenobamate in plasma samples, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated in two non-adult patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Angelo Russo, Jacopo Pruccoli, Carlo Alberto Cesaroni, Laura Maria Beatrice Belotti, Corrado Zenesini, Paolo Bonanni, Antonella Boni, Elisabetta Cesaroni, Giangennaro Coppola, Duccio Maria Cordelli, Alberto Danieli, Maria Margherita Mancardi, Francesca Marchese, Sara Matricardi, Tullio Messana, Giovanna Martina Nocera, Francesca Felicia Operto, Giuditta Pellino, Federica Reina, Francesca Vandia, Alberto Verrotti, Pasquale Striano
Summary: This Italian multicenter retrospective observational study reported the efficacy and tolerability of brivaracetam (BRV) as add-on therapy in pediatric patients with severe drug-resistant epilepsy. The study found that patients who had seizure onset at >12 months of age, disease duration <= 6 years, and lower seizure frequency before BRV treatment had a better prognosis.
SEIZURE-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPILEPSY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francesca Felicia Operto, Angelo Labate, Salvatore Aiello, Cristina Perillo, Valeria de Simone, Rosetta Rinaldi, Giangennaro Coppola, Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate parental stress after 6 and 12 months of a ketogenic diet, considering demographic and clinical variables. A standardized questionnaire was administered to assess parental stress. The results showed a significant increase in parental stress after 6 and 12 months of dietary treatment. Assessment of parental stress can help improve adherence to the ketogenic diet therapy.
Article
Pediatrics
Francesca Felicia Operto, Andrea Viggiano, Antonio Perfetto, Gabriella Citro, Miriam Olivieri, Valeria de Simone, Alice Bonuccelli, Alessandro Orsini, Salvatore Aiello, Giangennaro Coppola, Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between digital device use and fine motor skills in children aged three to six years, as well as the influence of socio-demographic factors. The results showed that children spent an average of 3.08 hours per day on digital devices, but there was no significant association between device use and fine motor skills. Younger children were exposed to digital tools earlier and used them for longer periods of time. Children with working parents spent more time on digital devices and started using them at an earlier age.
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
M. P. Canevini, O. Mecarelli, G. Di Gennaro, A. D'Aniello, A. T. Giallonardo, U. Aguglia, G. Assenza, A. Gambardella, G. Coppola, P. Veggiotti, V. De Giorgis, C. Cerminara, F. Vigevano, S. Goldman, A. Patten, P. Mansi, A. Milan, A. Gentile
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
A. Gambardella, G. Di Gennaro, A. D'Aniello, A. T. Giallonardo, O. Mecarelli, U. Aguglia, G. Assenza, M. P. Canevini, G. Coppola, P. Veggiotti, V. De Giorgis, C. Cerminara, F. Vigevano, S. Goldman, A. Patten, P. Mansi, A. Milan, A. Gentile
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
U. Aguglia, G. Di Gennaro, A. D'Aniello, A. Giallonardo, O. Mecarelli, G. Assenza, A. Gambardella, M. Canevini, G. Coppola, P. Veggiotti, V. De Giorgis, C. Cerminara, F. Vigevano, S. Goldman, A. Patten, P. Mansi, A. Milan, A. Gentile
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino, Francesca Operto, Valeria De Simone, Valentina Vivenzio, Chiara Scuoppo, Chiara Padovano, Giangennaro Coppola
Summary: The study found that the COVID-19 emergency and related measures negatively impacted the family management and parental stress of minors with neuropsychiatric disorders.
